1、The most important CDM web site 常用CDM网站The elements of the CDM Project Cycle (DOE,EB,DNA.)CDM项目周期元素组成 Submitted methodologies已提交方法学,CDM Project Cycle (including Small Scale CDM)CDM项目周期（包括小规模CDM项目）Jrgen FenhannBiomass CDM Workshop 生物质CDM工作组Beijing 12-15 November 2007 北京 11月12-15日,What is small scale
2、CDM?何谓小规模CDM项目？Registration of CDM projects CDM项目注册 Letter of Approval (LoA) and Unilateral CDM 批准函及单边CDM项目 CO2, CH4, and N2O emission factors CO2、CH4及N2O排放因子 Net calorific values for fuels 燃料净热值,Official homepage: 官方网站http:/cdm.unfccc.int/,The Designated national Authorities (DOEs)指定政府主管机构（DNA）,44%
3、 of all CDM projects are small-scale小规模CDM项目占所有CDM项目的44%,Why is small-scale easier?为何小规模项目相对容易通过审核？,Standardized simplified baselines are provided so no new methodologies needs to be approved by the EB.已有标准化的、简化的基准线，故EB无需开发新的方法学 Monitoring methodologies are simplified with a less frequent and reduce
4、d monitoring plan.简化的监测方法学减少了监测活动次数 The additionality assessment requires only a barrier assessment. 额外性评估仅需障碍性评估,Calculation of leakage is only required for biomass projects and where new equipment and existing equipment at to places are exchanged.只有生物质能项目及新旧设备交替处需进行泄漏计算 The same DOE may undertake
5、validation and verification审定及核查可由同一DOE完成 Bundling is allowed可以小项目打捆,Why is small-scale easier?为何小规模项目相对容易通过审核？,Small-scale projects are not always small小规模项目并不“小”,An efficient refrigerator saves 200 kWh/year. To be below 60 GWh of savings there is room for 300.000 refrigerators. 一台高效的电冰箱每年可节省200度电。
6、为满足节约6千万度电的（小规模项目）的要求，则可涉及30万台冰箱。A Solar home system often use a 50W solar PV. To be below the 15 MW there is room for 300.000 solar PVs一个家用太阳能光伏系统通常 50瓦的容量。若满足1.5万千瓦，则可涉及30万个太阳能光伏系统,Special rules for small scale afforestation/reforestation小规模造林/再造林项目特殊规定,A/R small scale methodologies ( 8 ktCO2) exp
7、ected to be approved at COP/MOP1小规模造林/再造林项目方法学( 8 ktCO2) 在COP/MOP1会议上被批准 Each host country has to define what a forest is各东道国需对森林作出定义 A small-scale A/R project must be developed and implemented by a low-income community小规模造林/再造林项目必须由低收入团体开发实施,Bundling was in the beginning only allowed for small-scal
8、e CDM projects. Now also for large scale projects.在初期仅允许小规模CDM项目打捆目前也允许大规模项目打捆,Bundled projects activities have the following benefits:项目活动打捆有如下益处： Can be covered by one PDD仅需提交一份统一的PDD Only one overall monitoring plan仅需一份统一的监测计划 One combined emission reduction calculation一份整合的减排计算 Combined environm
9、ental impact一份整合的环境影响评价 Combined stakeholder comments一份整合的相关利益方意见,One validation一次审定 One registration一次注册 One certification一次认证Rule for small scale bundles:小规模捆绑规则：The size of of each type in a bundle should not exceed the limits for small scale projects (15, or 60).打捆中各项目不得超过小规模项目的规模(15, or 60),Bun
10、dling was in the beginning only allowed for small-scale CDM projects. Now also for large scale projects.在初期仅允许小规模CDM项目打捆目前也允许大规模项目打捆,Debundling is not allowed不允许拆散项目,A small-scale project activity that is part of a larger project activity is not eligible.若属于大型项目活动中的一部分，则该小规模项目不符合小规模CDM项目的开发条件A small
11、-scale project activity is debundled if there is a registered (or application to be registered) small-scale CDM project activity:具有以下特征的项目被界定为拆散的小规模项目 With the same project participants具有相同项目参与者 In the same project category and technology/measure具有相同的项目种类和技术/措施 Registered within the previous 2 years
12、; and2年内注册的 Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale activity at the closest point.其边界距提交的小规模项目边界最近距离小于1km,Registration of CDM projectsCDM项目注册,The CDM registry is able to forward CERs to national registries. It contains public information on all CDM p
13、rojects: issuance, holdings, transfer and acquisition of CERs. CDM注册机构可将CERs转入国家账户。包括所有CDM项目公众信息：CERs的签发、所有、过户及获得。The International Transfer Log (ITL) will be final before the end of 2007. 国际交易平台将在2007年底建成。The share of proceeds (SOP) to cover administrative expenses will be 0.10$/CER for the first 1
14、5,000 tonnes of CO2, and 0.20$/CER for the rest. 收益分成(SOP)的行政收费为头15000吨CO2是0.1美元/CER，其后为0.20$/CER 。,Elements in DNA approval letterDNA批准函所包含要素,The minimum requirement:基本要求：1. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol.1. 该国批准了京都议定书2. Approval of the voluntary participation and authorisation of spec
15、ific entities participating in the CDM projects.2. 自愿参与CDM项目的批复及参与CDM项目实体的经营资格3. Only for Host Party: Contribution to Sustainable Development.3. 仅对CDM东道国：对可持续发展的贡献One letter can cover more than one project.一份批准函可包含多个项目,How long time can a project be unilateral单边项目可维持单边状态的时间,The Executive Board has a
16、greed that the registration of a project activity can take place without an Annex I Party being involved at the stage of registration.执行理事会允许项目注册时没有附件一国家的参与Before an Annex I Party acquires CERs from such a project activity from an account within the CDM registry, it shall submit a letter of approval
17、 to the Board in order for the CDM Registry administrator to be able to forward CERs from the CDM registry to the Annex I national registry.附件一国家从这类项目注册的账户中获得CERs之前，须向理事会提交批准函换取CDM注册证明以能够向附件一国家转让CERs。,55% of all CDM projects are unilateral.所有CDM项目的55%为单边项目You can now see unilateral projects that hav
18、e got CERs issued. Why is that possible?目前可以看到单边项目已拿到签发的CERs。为何有这种可能性？,Default IPCC emission factors IPCC所列排放因子,Default IPCC emission factors IPCC所列排放因子,IPCC CO2 emission factors (p.57 in CDM information and Guidebook) IPCC CO2 排放因子（CDM信息及指南中第57页）,9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。22.8.3022.8.30Tuesday, August 30, 2022
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