1、Unit 4,Using Language,自 主 预 习,.单词速记1_ (n.)条；棒；条状物2_ (n.& vt.)损失；损害3_ (n.)要点；大纲；轮廓4_ (n.)报刊的大字标题5_ (vt.)使惊吓；吓唬frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的,bar damage outline headline frighten,6_ (n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate(v.)祝贺7_ (vt.)断定；判断；判决(n.)裁判员；法官judg(e)ment(n.)判断8_ (adv.)真诚地；真挚地sincere(adj.)真
2、诚的9_ (vt.)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递expression(n.)表达；表情10_ (v.)骑自行车cyclist(n.)骑自行车的人,congratulation judge sincerely express cycle,.短语互译1没有用_2损害；损坏_3募集捐款_4对感到震惊_5作演讲_6be proud of_7express ones thanks to sb._8put up_9be known as_10in the open air_,of no use do damage to raise money be shocked at give a speech 为而自
3、豪 向某人表达谢意 搭起；建起 作为而出名 露天；在户外,.课文理解First细读细节1The student is invited to_.Atake part in the high school speaking competitionBgive a speech to the park visitors on July 28Chelp Zhang Sha to prepare for the opening of the new park.Dvisit the new park just as a guest,B,2The office will have the student sp
4、eak to the park visitors on July 28 because_.Aits a day convenient for people to attendBits a day fit for an opening of a parkCits the day the quake happened in 1976Dits the day the quake ended in 19763In his/her speech, the student may not mention_.Athe terrible quake that happened in 1976Bthe grea
5、t work people have done to rebuild new TangshanCthe bright future of TangshanDhis/her hobbies,C,D,4The letter comes from_.AOffice of the City Government of TangshanBOffice of the New York CityCa Japanese companyDan English club5The city will open a new park in order to_.Ahonour those who died and th
6、ose who helped the survivors in the disasterBhonour the students who have won the speaking competitionCshow respect to the heroes who died for the new TangshanDshow respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan,A,A,Second精读语篇In the letter, Zhang Sha offers 1._ (congratulate) to the winner of t
7、he high school speaking competition 2._ new Tangshan. And he tells the winner a group of five 3._ (judge) heard the speech and agreed that his/hers was the 4._ (good) one this year.Then he invites the winner to speak to the visitors to a new park 5._ will be opened to the public 6._ (honour) those 7
8、._ died in Tangshan earthquake and those who helped the 8._ (survivor). Zhang Sha also hopes that the winner 9._ (bring) his or her family and friends 10._ July 28 at 11 00 am.,congratulations,about,judges,best,which,to honour,who,survivors,will bring,on,Third研读难句We are pleased to tell you that you
9、have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan是_，作tell的宾语。译文：_ _,宾语从句,我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以“新唐山”为主题的中学演讲比赛中,获得了第一名。,合 作 探 究,(1)n.损失；损害Damage caused by the earthquake disaster cant be ignored.地震灾害导致的损失不容
10、忽视。Man has done great damage to his home over the years.多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。,重 点 词 汇,1damage,(2)vt.损害；损失The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.那座桥被洪水破坏得很严重。Smoking can damage your health.抽烟会损害你的健康。,do/cause damage to给造成/带来损坏damage ones reputation毁坏某人的名誉,用damage, ruin或destroy的适当形式填空Many houses were
11、 seriously_ by the storm and the repair work lasted months.The building was completely_.To our disappointment, the bad weather_ our trip.用damage的相关搭配完成句子The flood_ (对造成破坏) the crops.Drinking and smoking can_ (有损健康)语法单句填空He was lucky in the accident but his_ (damage)car is still under repair.,damaged
12、,destroyed,ruined,caused/did damage to,damage your health,damaged,This frightened boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.那个在灾难中失去母亲、惊恐不安的男孩现在正在寻找她。An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.一只富于攻击性的熊通常会
13、向前冲来吓走敌人，但在最后一刻突然停止。,2frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬,(1)frighten sb./sth. away 把吓跑frighten sb. into/out of(doing) sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事(2)frightened adj.受惊的(3)frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的When you stand at an altitude to see the frightening rapids and waterfall, you will feel much frightened.当你站在高处看到可怕的急流和瀑布时，你会感到十分害怕。
14、,frightening指事物本身具有使人害怕的性质，意为“令人害怕的”。frightened表示主语的感觉，多指人“感到害怕的，受恐吓的”。作定语时，常用于修饰人的声音、表情等，如a frightened girl一个受惊吓的女孩，frightened look/expression害怕的表情。很多表达情感的动词具有两种形容词形式：一是ing形容词，二是ed形容词。如：shockshockingshocked；surprisesurprisingsurprised；movemovingmoved等。,图文巧解frightenThe huge bird frightened the littl
15、e cat on purpose. The frightening threat made the cat frightened.这只巨鸟故意恐吓小猫。小猫被这种令它恐惧的威胁吓坏了。,完成句子Miriam_ tell her family what had happened.米丽娅姆太害怕了，她不敢告诉家人所发生的事情。It_ but they were very courageous.那是一段非常令人恐惧的经历，但他们表现得却很勇敢。,was too frightened to,was a very frightening experience,语法单句填空Hearing the_ (fr
16、ighten) story, the little boy had a_ (frighten) expression on his face.解析：句意：听到这个令人恐惧的故事，这个小男孩脸上露出害怕的表情。frightening令人恐惧的；frightened受惊的；害怕的。,frightening,frightened,Ive just passed my driving test!Congratulations to you!我刚刚通过驾驶执照考试！恭喜你！Congratulations on a superb performance!对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！,3congratulat
17、ion n祝贺；(复数)贺词,(1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事(2)congratulate v祝贺，向致贺词congratulate sb. on/upon sth./doing sth.就某事向某人祝贺She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results.她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。,“祝贺”用法提醒(1)congratulation作“祝贺”讲时，常以复数形式出现。(2)congratulate的宾
18、语是人而不是物；celebrate的宾语是某些活动。We held a large party to celebrate his birthday.我们开了一个盛大的晚会来庆祝他的生日。We congratulated him on winning the game.我们祝贺他赢得了这场比赛。Congratulations on your graduating from Beijing University.祝贺你从北京大学毕业。,完成句子She_.她对他的成功表示祝贺。I want to_ your passing your driving test.我想因你通过驾驶执照考试表示我的祝贺。,
19、congratulated him on his success,express my congratulations on,语法单句填空I hear you came first in the final test._ (congratulate)!Thanks. But I think I could have done better.解析：考查情景交际。句意：我听说你在期末考试中得了第一名。祝贺你！谢谢！但是我想我本来可以做得更好一点。Congratulations祝贺。The two sportsmen congratulated each other_winning the matc
20、h by shaking hands.解析：句意：这两个运动员握手祝贺彼此赢得比赛。congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，是固定搭配。(2014陕西，11改编)I got that job I wanted at the public library._ (congratulate)! Thats good news.,Congratulations,on,Congratulations,(1)n. C裁判员；法官Judges are those who defend right against wrong.法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。(2)v. 判断；断定；评价
21、Dont judge a person by/from his appearance.勿以貌取人。Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。,4judge,That judge judged that these ancient pictures should be judged by some judges of art.那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴定家来鉴定。,(1)judge. by/from. 通过判断judge sb./sth. as/to be. 断定某人/物是as far
22、as I can judge 据我判断judging by/from. 从来看，根据判断(2)judg(e)ment n. 判决；判断；评价in ones judg(e)ment 在某人看来,judging by/from表示“从来看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多，例如：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说)，considering (that).(考虑到，鉴于，就而言)，providing/provided
23、(that).(假如，倘若)等。Honestly speaking, he is not a person you can trust.说实话，他不是一个你信得过的人。Considering his age, the child reads quite well.鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。,单句语法填空You should never judge a person_ his appearance._ (judge) from his pale face, he may not feel well.He is a man of good_ (judge),from/by,Judging,
24、judgement,(1)vt. 表示；表达I find it hard to express myself in English.我觉得很难用英语表达自己。(2)n. C特快列车；U速递They are waiting for the 8 00 express to Shanghai.他们在等八点去上海的快车。(3)adj.特快的；快递的Where do I wait for the express bus to London?我到哪里等候开往伦敦的特快公共汽车呢？,5express,(1)express ones thanks to sb. 向某人表达某人的感谢express onesel
25、f 表达自己的思想感情(2)expression n表达；表情beyond expression 无法表达，难以表达The shock of this news is beyond expression.难以表达对这则消息的震惊程度。,情景记忆expression/expressAs soon as he got off the express train, he noticed a piece of news, and his expression expressed that it was something important beyond expression.他一从特快列车上下来，就
26、注意到了一则消息，他的表情表明那是一件难以表达的重要事情。,完成句子The old woman_ us.那位老妇人对我们表示感谢。Perhaps I have not_.我大概未把自己的意思表达清楚。The scenery in my hometown is beautiful_.我家乡的景色美得无法形容。,expressed her thanks to,expressed myself very well,beyond expression,单句语法填空The_ (express) on his face told me that he was angry.Nowadays many goo
27、ds arrive_ express.Young children often have difficulty_ (express) themselves.,expression,by,expressing,(1)vt.发出；放出；公布Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street.学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。(2)vi.用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽My money began to give out.我的钱快要用光了。,重 点 短 语,give out,(3)发出，放出(热、光等)The radiator is giving
28、 out a lot of heat.散热器释放出大量的热量。(4)公布；宣布；播放They gave out the names of the winners.他们宣布了获胜者的名字。,give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密)give in 屈服；交上give off 发出(气味、光、热等)give up 放弃,用适当的介词或副词填空I need to give_ some of these old baby clothes.But finally, he was forced to give_.The flowers gave_ a sweet smell.The doc
29、tor advised him to give_ smoking.The teacher gave_ the exam papers.Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give_ the shocking ending.,away,in,off,up,out,away,as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。关系代词as可引导非限制定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。As is known to us all, the earth is round.众所
30、周知，地球是圆的。He is absent, as is often the case.他缺席了，他经常这样。,经 典 句 式,1As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyseven years ago.你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。,as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果
31、关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。,语法单句填空(福建高考改编) The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。as“正如，正像”，引导定语从句，先行词为the air quality。,as,仿写句子众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。_单句改错He failed in the midterm exam, it
32、 made his parents upset._,As everybody knows, Mo Yan is a famous writer.,it改为which,本句为并列句，be doing sth. when.正在做某事，这时，when为并列连词，相当于and then 或and just at that time。I was walking along the river when I heard a cry for help.我正沿着河边走，突然我听见求救声。She was having lunch when an old friend came to see her.她正在吃午饭
33、这时一位老朋友来看她。,2The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。,be about to do.when. 正要做这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时had just done.when.刚刚做完这时I was about to leave when it began to rain.我正要离开这时开始下雨了。I was on the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
34、我正要给他打电话，这时他的信到了。I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.我刚完成试卷这时宣告考试结束的铃声响了。,完成句子They_ computer games_ the power was off.他们正想玩电脑游戏这时停电了。I was thinking of this_ I heard my name called.我正考虑这事，这时突然听到有人叫我。,were about to play,when,when,单句改错I was doing my chemistry experiment while the bell rang for break._单句语法填空(2017天津高考改编) I_ (drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解析：考查固定句型was/were doing.when.正在.就在这时突然.。句意：我正驾车开往伦敦，就在这时我突然发现自己走错了路。,whilewhen,was driving,巩 固 提 升,课 时 作 业,
