1、Unit 4,Learning about Language,语 法 精 讲,限制性定语从句,自 主 预 习,用适当的关系词填写下面文章中的句子并体会它们的共同特征1A huge crack_ was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.2The number of people_were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.3Then, later that afternoon, another
2、big quake_ was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.4The army organized teams to dig out those_ were trapped and to bury the dead.5Workers built shelters for survivors_ homes had been destroyed.,that/which,who/that,which/that,who,whose,合 作 探 究,一、定语从句的概述,分析下面的定语从句Do you know the girl who
3、is singing on the stage?_为先行词；_为关系代词，且在从句中作主语。This is the museum which was built many years ago._为先行词 ，_为关系代词，且在从句中作_。,the girl,who,the museum,which,主语,二、关系代词的基本用法,The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(who/that引导定语从句)The spac
4、eship that/which finished its task has returned to the earth.完成使命的飞船已返回地球。(that/which引导定语从句)Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句),(1)关系代词that可指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在
5、介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语；(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；,(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。This is the very hotel (that) I stayed at when I was travelling here.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)This is the very hotel at which I stayed when I was travelling here.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(which在句中作介词at的宾语，不可与that互换，也不可
6、省略)There was no person to whom I could turn for help in the street last night.昨天晚上，街上没有一个我能够求助的人。 (whom在句中作介词to的宾语，不能与who/that互换，也不可省略),用适当的关系代词填空Well reach the sales targets in a month_ we set at the beginning of the year.A company_ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abr
7、oad.Finally he reached a lonely island_ was completely cut off from the outside world.Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognizing their own strengths.,that/which,whose,that/which,who,三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。All t
8、hat can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。,3当先行词被the only, the very，the last修饰时。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。She took photographs of the things and pe
9、ople that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。,5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。,用适当的关系词填空Please send us all the information_ you have about the candidate for
10、 the position.I am sure she has something_ you can borrow.It is the most beautiful city_ Ive ever seen.This is the first book_ he has read.He is the only person_ was present at the time.Mary is no longer the girl_ she used to be.,that,that,that,that,that,that,如何选用关系代词？第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。第二步：正确分析先行词
11、与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：He is the only one of the students who knows English.(先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。He is one of the students who know English.(先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。,巩 固 提 升,课 时 作 业,
