1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修5,Great Scientists,Unit 1,.单词拼写1They thought he had escaped through a specially _ (建造) tunnel.2I believe that each of us can c_ to the future of the world.3The _ (烟火) exploded in a shower of sparks.4These two accidents are closely _ (连接) together.5The old man was laid u
2、p with a s_ stroke.6The hot weather is partly to _ (谴责，责备) for the water shortage.,constructed,ontribute,firework,linked,evere,blame,7The President is preparing to _ (宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.8No one could _ (预见) his future accurately.,announce,foresee,.选择合适的词或短语完成句子1Considering that she did her
3、work as her manager had _ it was improper to criticize her.2The _ of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.3_ the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.,instructed,construction,Apart from,4Our athletes had won the most gold medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games,
4、and my colleagues shot _ to celebrate it.5Dwelling Narrowness has succeeded in getting across much to the audience, which has _ to its success.,fireworks,contributed,1.contribute v.(1)(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助The writer personally contributed $50,000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5万美元
5、给地震基金。Would you like to contribute to our collection?你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？,(2)(to sth.)是的原因之一Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？(3)(sth.)to sth.增加，增进，添加(到某物)Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding
6、 of this difficult subject.她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。,(4)(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿，投稿She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。,图解助记contribute多层含义Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story abou
7、t this and contributed it to a newspaper.好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。,contribution n.C捐款；捐资All contributions will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。C, usually sing.贡献；促成作用These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。,知
8、识拓展,U捐助；捐赠；(尤指)捐款We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.我们全靠自愿捐款。,活学活用(1)用恰当介词填空Maintaining peace and stability of the South China Sea and the East China Sea will certainly contribute_a more prosperous AsianPacific area.答案：to句意：维持中国南海和中国东海的和平稳定，一定会使亚太地区更加繁荣。考查动词短语。contribute to促成，导致，符合语境。,(2)完成句
9、子他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。_ _ _ _ _ _ the space development programme.答案：He has made great contributions to,2construction n建设；建筑物；结构The new airport is still under construction.新机场仍在修建中。This is a fine construction.这是一座完美的建筑。A learners dictionary should give both the meanings of words and examples of the con
10、structions in which they are used.学生词典应该既提供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。注意：under construction为固定用法，意思是“修建中”。,知识拓展construct v.(1)建设，修建The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed from 1933 to 1937.金门桥建于1933至1937年间。It took them two years to construct the building.他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。,(2)创立(学说等)，构(词)，造句He constructed a t
11、heory with his colleagues.他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support.我毫不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。,活学活用用恰当介词填空Besides a bridge _ construction, the construction of the freeway goes well.答案：under句意：除了一座正在建造中的桥，这条高速公路的建设进展顺利。under construction“正在建造中”，是固定短语。,3inspire v.(1)sb.(to sth.
12、)|sb. to do sth.激励，鼓舞His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 50 win.他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以50大获全胜。Such a development inspired us to work still harder.这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。,(2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。His best music was inspir
13、ed by the memory of his mother.他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。,(3)sb.(with sth.)|sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.落叶触动了她的伤感。His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.他的一番鼓励激起
14、了我的信心。,Its an inspired work of art.这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。He is an inspired poet.他是一位富于灵感的诗人。,(1)inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的,知识拓展,The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。,活学
15、活用完成句子我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。I hope this success will_ _ _greater efforts.答案：inspire you to,1.apart from除之外；此外Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in.除了我父母，我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)Apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(inclu
16、ding the cost),比较网站in addition，besides，except，except for，apart from & but(1)in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。(2)besides“除之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即“从整体中除去一部分”。(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要部分的作用。,(5)apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示wit
17、hout的意思。(6)but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。,活学活用(1)补全句子除了上面布置的任务外，你还要写一篇关于环境污染的200字的作文。_the assignment said above，you have to write a 200word composition on environment pollution.,除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。_ _ _the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.答案
18、：BesidesIn addition to,(2)选apart from，besides或except for填空_English，he has a good command of Russian and French.答案：Apart from或BesidesSo far, the old villages of New England have changed relatively little _ a gas station or two in recent decades.答案：except for_ some pennies, I think there are only nine
19、 pounds left in my pocket.答案：Besides/Apart from,2make sure确信，确保；查明，核实They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一球，确保了胜利。Our staff will do their best to make sure you enjoy your visit.我们的人员会竭尽全力使您访问愉快。He looked around to make sure that he was alone.他往四下看看是不是只有他一个人。,注意：sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语
20、it的句子中，这种情况下一般用certain。,make sure that.确保make sure of doing sth.确保做某事be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必要做某事be sure of (doing) sth.一定会(做)某事；某事肯定会发生,知识拓展,活学活用补全句子为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _， I called him up in advance.答案：Tomake sure that he was at home,过去分词作定语和表语.过去分词作定语1作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物
21、动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。,The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义)
22、,2过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given, left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。,Who were the guests invited(who had been invited) to your p
23、arty last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？Is there anything unsolved?还有什么问题没有解决吗？There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。,知识拓展11)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。The book, written(which was
24、 written)in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。,2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The frightened boy ran away.惊恐的男孩跑开了。Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out excited shouts.听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。,知识拓展21)分词、动名词以及不定式
25、在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不作定语。The man standing under the tree is my uncle.站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。The book published in March sells well.三月份出版的这本书很畅销。,2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.战士们每
26、个人都有一个睡袋。3)不定式作定语(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.居里夫人是第一个发现镭的人。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。,.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。 He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard o
27、f the story, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。,知识拓展1常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (
28、有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tired (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。,知识拓展21)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。The story is interesting and I am interested in it.这故事很有趣，我很感兴趣。The problem is confusing so the
29、 pupils are confused about it.这个问题很迷惑，因此学生们感到很困惑。,2)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。What they are worried about is being left behind.他们所担心的是被落在后面。,3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词d
30、ream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。He appears to want to leave.他看来要走。,知识拓展31)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔
31、碎了。(动作)The library is closed.图书馆关门了。(系表结构),The library is often closed at 6：30 in the afternoon.图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城三面环山。 Im pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。,高考真题链接用词语的恰当形式填空1(2015陕西卷改编)Back from his tw
32、oyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take)good care of at home.答案：taken句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，所以填taken。,2(2015江苏卷改编)Much time_(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health probl
33、ems.答案：spent句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。,3(2015重庆卷改编)_(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.答案：Raised句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关
34、系，故填raised。,4(2014安徽卷改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.答案：promoted本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。,5(2014福建卷改编)For those with family members far away, the persona
35、l computer and the phone are important in staying_(connect)答案：connected系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句意：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。,6(2014重庆卷改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_(return)to our shop for quality problems.答案：returne
36、d本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回商店的相机。returned为过去分词，在句中修饰名词cameras，相机与退回为被动关系，故填returned。,7(2014北京卷改编)There are still many problems _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.答案：to be solved考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要
37、解决。,8(2014浙江卷改编)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint)to guard her.答案：appointed考查非谓语动词。句意：Amie Salmon，残疾，委派一位护士全程陪她上学。分析结构可知，此处是nurse后的定语；appoint与nurse之间为动宾关系，故要用过去分词作定语。,专项练习1In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_(use)in daily conversatio
38、ns.答案：used考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些语言中，100个单词占据了日常对话中所使用的单词的一半。words后用非谓语动词作定语，words与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。,2You cannot accept an opinion _(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.答案：offered考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。,3Let those in need _(unde
39、rstand)that we will go all out to help them.答案：understand考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些困境中的人们理解我们会尽全力帮助他们的。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事。“三让”let、have、make表示“让某人做某事”时后面要接不带to的不定式作宾补。4The airport_(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.答案：to be completed考查非谓语动词的用法。complete与airport之间为动宾关系而且根据next year可知动作尚未
40、发生，故填to be completed。,5Today there are more airplanes _(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.答案：carrying考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。,6The question was so difficult to answer, and the students looked _(puz
41、zle)答案：puzzled句意：这个问题很难回答，学生们看起来都迷惑不解。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构，表示一种状态，puzzled已形容词化，look puzzled“看起来迷惑”。现在分词作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语表示将来或主语的具体内容。,7The design _(appeal)to all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.答案：appealing句意：吸引各年龄段和社会群体的设计不容易做。the design与appeal to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词短语作定语。8I
42、n 1938, Pearl Buck became the first American woman _(receive)the Nobel Prize for Literature.答案：to receive句意：1938年，赛珍珠是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女作家。由序数词修饰的词后，非谓语动词只能用不定式作定语。,9The news that he told us yesterday was _(encourage)答案：encouraging句意：他昨天告诉我们的消息令人鼓舞。此题中news与encourage之间是主动关系，且表示news的性质和特征，故用现在分词encouragi
43、ng，表示“令人鼓舞的”。10With the governments aid, those _(affect)by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements.答案：affected句意：在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人已经搬进了新的居住区。分词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词。those与affect之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。,.单词拼写1Work has been begun on the c_ of the new airport.2This book c_ to our understanding of his th
44、eory.3Who is r_ for the accident?4The _ (烟花) exploded with a loud bang.5Computer users from around the world reported that the _ (病毒) had invaded their systems.6He _ (预料) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.答案：1.construction2.contributes3.responsible4.firework5.virus6.foresaw,.用所给单词的适当形
45、式填空1(2015湖南益阳改编) Our school，_(found)in 1955 will celebrate her 60th anniversary this October.2As we joined the big crowd, I got_(lose)3The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to_(pollute)water anymore.4The woman liked the water so much that she had had it_(deliver)to her house.
46、5John told the_ (astonish)people to remove the handle.,6The chairman announced the_news in an _voice. (excite)7There is a red car _(park) outside the house.8(2015河北保定改编)We all felt _(relax)as the work _(complete)9I have such a _ job that I really felt _ (tire)10The girl looked up with a _ (please)expression.答案：1. founded2.lost3.polluted4.delivered5.astonished6.exciting；excited7.parking8.relaxed；was completed9.tiring；tired10.pleased,
