1、First aid,Unit 5,Section Learning about Language,Unit 5,.单词拼写1The ice on the lake is not _ (坚固的) enough to walk on.2I have a severe cough and _ (喉咙) pain.3The scared baby held the mothers arm _ (紧紧地)4He escaped from the train wreck without _ (伤害),5He gave the poor woman a _ (暂时的) job as well as some
2、 money.6Water itself is _ (至关重要的) to the future of the race.答案：1.firm2.throat3.tightly4.injury5.temporary6vital,.补全短语1too _ 太多2a _ of touch 触觉3belong _ 属于4act _ 充当，担任答案：1.much2.sense3.to4.as,.试着将下列句子改为省略结构1Dont move the broken leg if it is possible._ 2He tried to save the people buried in the ruins
3、as others saved the people._ 3You carry the heavy box for the old man._,4If we had gone to the party, we should have known the fact._ 5Do you know the gentleman whom our teacher is talking with?_,答案：1.Dont move the broken leg if possible.2He tried to save the people buried in the ruins as others.3Ca
4、rry the heavy box for the old man.4Had we gone to the party, we should have known the fact.5Do you known the gentleman our teacher is talking with?,1.tight adj.(1)牢固的，紧的，不松动的He kept a tight grip on her arm.他紧紧握住了她的胳膊。The screw was so tight that it wouldnt move.螺丝钉太紧，拧不开。,(2)紧身的，紧贴的She was wearing a
5、tight pair of jeans.她穿着一条紧身牛仔裤。The new sweater was a tight fit.这件新毛衣很贴身。(3)拮据的，不宽裕的We have a very tight budget.我们的预算很紧。The president has a tight schedule today.总统今天的日程排满了。,(4)严密的，严格的；拉紧的We need tighter security at the airport.我们需要在机场实行更加严密的安全措施。The rope was stretched tight.这根绳子被拉得很紧。,tightly adv. 紧紧
6、地，牢牢地tighten v. (使)变紧，更加牢固,知识拓展,活学活用用恰当形式填空He held my hand very_(tight)at first but gradually his hold loosened.答案：tightly句意：开始时他紧紧握住我的手，但是渐渐地松开了。tightly表示“紧紧地”，符合语境。,2firm adj.(1)坚固的，坚硬的These peaches are still firm.这些桃子还很硬。Bake the cakes until they are firm to touch.把蛋糕烤到摸起来有硬感为止。,(2)坚定的，坚决的She is
7、a firm favourite with the children.孩子们着实喜欢她。We have no firm evidence to support the case.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。(3)牢固的，稳固的The ladder felt strong and firm.这把梯子感觉很结实稳固。Stand the fish tank on a firm base.把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。,firmly adv. 坚定地，坚固地,知识拓展Keep your eyes firmly fixed on the road ahead.密切注视路的前方。“I can manage”
8、， she said firmly.“我应付得了”，她坚定地说。,活学活用用恰当形式填空I shall tell her _(firm)that it is not any business of hers.答案：firmly句意为“我将毫不含糊地告诉她这不关她的事”。,1.knock over打翻，撞翻Hed knocked over a glass of water.他打翻了一杯水。Who knocked that bottle over?谁把瓶子撞倒了？,knock into撞到上knock sb. down/over打倒(击倒或撞倒)某人knock sth. down推倒knock o
9、ff停止做某事,知识拓展,The room was dark and he knocked into the table.房间里一片漆黑，他撞到了桌子上。She was knocked down by a bus.她被一辆公共汽车撞倒在地。These old houses are going to be knocked down.这些旧房子就要拆了。Do you want to knock off early today?你今天想早点儿歇工吗？,活学活用完成句子(1)He_(撞翻)his coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.(2)Did yo
10、u notice who_(撞倒她)?(3)He was lost in thought and_(撞到树上)(4)Please_(把鸟从树洞里敲打出来)答案：(1)knocked over(2)knocked her over(3)knocked into/against the tree(4)knock the bird out of the hole in the tree,2belong to(1)属于The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.被墙围着的那座庙属于当地政府。What you said
11、does not belong to this discussion.你所说的不属于这次讨论的范围。(2)是的一部分；为的一员Do you belong to the club?你有没有加入那个俱乐部？提示：belong to不用于被动语态和进行时态。,belong vi.应该在(某处)，通常在(某处)；适合在(某处)，适应(不与to连用，后面通常跟副词或其他介词短语)belongings n财产；所有物,知识拓展The hammer belongs with the rest of the tools.这把锤子通常和其他工具放在一起。,活学活用用恰当形式填空He took away the
12、bag not _(belong)to him by mistake.答案：belonging句意：他错拿了不属于他的包。belong是不及物动词，与主语he是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式作定语。,She could not decide whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital.她不能决定要送他去医院还是不送他去医院。该句中whether to send him.为“whether不定式”结构，在句中作动词decide的宾语。英语中有些动词(词组)如tell，show，know，decide，lear
13、n，discuss，find out等词(组)后可以用疑问词how，what，when，where，who等加不定式的形式作宾语，该结构在句中也可作主语和表语。,He showed us how to do the work.他给我们展示怎么做这项工作。When and where to hold the meeting hasnt been decided.何时何地召开这次会议还没决定。The problem is when to start.问题是何时开始。,whether.or.或者或者，是还是，表选择关系；不管还是，引导让步状语从句,知识拓展We must decide whether
14、 to stay or go.我们必须决定是走还是待在这里。,活学活用用恰当形式填空Ive worked with children before, so I know what _(expect)in my new job.答案：to expect考查“疑问词不定式”结构。what to expect.在句中作know的宾语。,省略省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。为了避免重复，句子中某些部分常可省略。句子常可省略的有下列各部分。,.成分省略1省略主语 (多限于少数现成说法)Thank you for you
15、r help.谢谢你的帮助。 See you tomorrow.明天见。 (You)Take care!当心！ (It)Looks as if it will rain.看起来像要下雨了。,2省略谓语动词1)省略谓语动词Some of us study Russian, others (study) English.我们有的学俄语，有的学英语。 He got up earlier than I (got up) today.他今天起得比我早。 Who (comes) next?该谁了？ Well do the best we can (do)我们将尽力而为。,2)省略系动词Ma Lin is
16、a busdriver，his wife a conductor.马林是位公共汽车司机，他的妻子是售票员。His face is tanned and his hands big and strong.他的脸晒得很黑，他的双手大而有力。Gold is more expensive than silver.金子比银子更贵重。,3省略表语He was a lover of sports as he had been (a lover of sports) in his youth.他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。I think were right.Im sure we are (right
17、)我想我们是对的。我想是这样。,4省略宾语Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry.我们洗盘子吧，我洗你擦干。George fixed (the door) and painted the door.乔治安装并粉刷了这扇门。5省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest (of the money) he saved.那钱他花了一部分，其余的他都存了起来。,6省略状语He was not hurt. (How) Strange!他没有受伤，真奇怪！7同时省略句子几个部分，甚至几个句子的相同成分都被省掉。这种
18、现象多用于表示比较的状语从句中，在对疑问句的简略回答中，以及在反义疑问句或选择疑问句中。,In winter it is colder in Beijing than in Guangzhou.北京的冬天比广州冷。She pledged herself to complete her fathers unfinished task, whatever the cost (it was)她立誓不管付出多大代价，也要完成她父亲未完成的事业。 When did you read the play?Long age.“你什么时候读的这个剧本？”“很久以前。”,Have you ever been to
19、 Xinjiang?你去过新疆吗？Never.从来没有。What exciting news (it is)!多么令人激动的消息啊！(It is a) Pity that hes failed.很遗憾，他失败了。,知识拓展1)在if，when，though，as，as if(好像)等连词引导的从句中，如果从句中的谓语含有系动词be，并且主语和主句主语一致，可以将主语和动词be省掉。When you do this exercise，make changes in the sentence structure when/if necessary.做这个练习时，必要时可以改动句子结构。He is
20、very good at painting, though very young(though he is very young)他虽然年纪轻轻，但很擅长画画。,The boy looked as if afraid of nothing.那男孩看起来好像什么都不怕。 If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.如果有必要，我们就往家里打电报。 Whenever possible, he will come to my help.他一有可能就来帮助我。While cycling, dont forget the traffic lights.骑车时，
21、不要忘记看红绿灯。,2)在下面的句子中，动词不定式符号to的后面省去了动词原形及其以后的部分。You may go with them if you want to.你愿意的话，也可以和他们一起去。(to后省去go with them)Will you be able to come?你来吗？Id love to. But Im busy.我倒很想来，可是我现在有事。Dont go until tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。,3)由固定词组引导的疑问句，常常出现省略现象。What about having a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样？ How come they
22、left you alone here?他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？ What if its raining?如果天下雨怎么办？ Why not try again?为什么不再试试呢？,.小品词的省略1省略介词He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.他花了四个小时复习功课。 Ive studied English (for) five years.我已学五年英语了。,They are (of) the same age.他们年龄相同。There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.这
23、件事再向她解释也是无用的。He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的实验。,2省略连词thatI believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你们会成功的。Its a pity (that) hes leaving.他要走，真遗憾。Im sure (that) she will help you.我肯定她会帮你的。,3省略关系代词Ill give you all (that) I have.我会把我所有的一切都给你。He read the
24、 book (which) I got yesterday.他看过我昨天买的书了。,.替代省略1so代替提到过的形容词，动词甚至是宾语从句 (think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, hope等与so连用，替代肯定的宾语从句；与not连用，替代否定的宾语从句)。You arent right.你是不对的。I am so!我是对的！,Hes clever, probably too much so for his own good.他很聪明，可能已到了自私自利的地步。I wouldnt have told you this if it werent so
25、.如果事实不是如此的话，我就不会告诉你这件事了。,2“So/Nor(Neither)谓语主语”这种句型用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于后者。Jane will never compromise with Bill, and nor will Bill.简决不会同比尔和解，而比尔也决不会同简和解。He cant do it, nor can I, nor can you, nor can anybody.他不能做这事，我也不能，你也不能，任何人都不能。He likes skating and so does she.他喜欢滑冰，她也喜欢滑冰。,3不定代词替代，此类词有all, both,
26、some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。Though they worked hard, none of the boys has passed the history examination.尽管这些男孩子们学习很刻苦，可是他们中没有人历史考试及格。One took a taxi, and the other walked home.一个人打车回家，另一个人则步行回家。,4one, ones, that, those
27、替代。I havent a book; can you lend me one?我没有书，你能借我一本吗？The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬季哈尔滨的天气比广州冷得多。,5动词性替代。You like rock climbing as much as he does.你跟他一样喜欢攀岩。Have you finished writing your report?你写好报告了吗？ I havent done yet, but I will do.我还没有写呢，不过我马上就写。,高考真题改编
28、1(2014湖南，21)Children，when_ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.答案：accompanied考查非谓语动词。由when可知所填词作题干的时间状语，逻辑主语是题干的主语children，所填词与逻辑主语是被动关系，故填accompanied。,2(2014福建，28)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if _， reaching 30 in summer.答案：ever考查if从句的省略。根据形容
29、词pleasant“令人愉悦的”及副词rarely“很少”可知，气温达到30度只是偶尔才会出现的情况，故填ever。句意：这儿的气候是相当舒适的，要是曾经有的话，气温也很少达到30度。,3(2013全国，28)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not_.答案：to考查不定式的省略形式。句意：这名司机想把车停在路边，但警察不让他停在路边。ask sb.not to do sth.要求某人不要干某事，此处承前省略，只留下不定式符号to。,4(2013浙江，19)There
30、are some health problems that, when not_(treat)in time, can become bigger.答案：treated考查状语从句的省略。句意： 有一些健康问题，如果没得到及时的治疗在以后的生活中会变得更严重。分析结构可知，此处是状语从句的省略，从句主语problems与treat之间为动宾关系，故填treated，其完整的形式为 when they are not treated in time。,5(2013辽宁，29)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and
31、then _(代词)of her colleagues.答案：that考查代词的用法。句意：让德拉高兴的是，她先是赢得了学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。that代指上文的不可数名词the trust。one ，ones和those都代指可数名词，故排除。,专项练习1When_(compare)different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.答案：comparing句意：在比较不同的文化时，我们通常只是注意其差异，而忽视了它们的许
32、多相似之处。本题考查状语从句的省略，补充完整为：When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.本题也可以理解为现在分词短语作时间状语。动词compare与主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，采用现在分词表示主动。,2When_(offer)help, one often says“Thank you” or“Its very kind of you”答案：offered句意：当得到来自他人的帮
33、助时，我们常常说“谢谢”或“谢谢你”。本题考查时间状语从句的省略。补充完整为：When he or she is offered help, one often says “Thank you” or“Its very kind of you”此外也可以理解为分词作时间状语，句子的主语one与动词offer之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，采用过去分词作状语。,3I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend._(sound)good.答案：Sounds句意：“我在想周末我们能否去滑雪。”“听起来不错。”本句是省略用法，其完整的形式应为“Tha
34、t sounds good”，口语中往往省略主语，所以填sounds。,4What should I do with this passage?_(find)out the main idea of each paragraph.答案：Find句意：“这篇文章我该怎么处理？”“把每段的主旨大意找出来。”答语是省略形式，省略了句子主语和部分谓语，完整的句子是You should find out the main idea of each paragraph。故填find。,5Brad was Janes brother.No_he reminded me so much of Jane.答案：
35、wonder(It is) No wonder (that).表示“难怪；不足为奇”；例如：No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。No doubt表示“无疑地，不容怀疑地；很可能地”；例如：No doubt you would like a drink.毫无疑问你是喜欢喝一杯了。,6I could do anything but _(admit)to him that I was wrong.答案：admit句意：除了向他承认错误外，我做什么都可以。but前有实义动词do，其后作宾
36、语的不定式常省略to，故填admit。,7Will you join us in the game?Thank you，but I would rather_.答案：not由句意可知，“Thank you”与“Id rather not”之间为转折关系。Id rather not.为口语中的省略结构，完整形式为：Id rather not join you in the game.8We all know that, if not carefully_(deal)with, the situation will get worse.答案：dealt主从句主语一致，从句中谓语动词为系动词be，可
37、省略主语和系动词be，完整的句子为We all know that, if the situation is not carefully dealt with, it will get worse.,9The research is so designed that once_ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.答案：begun句意：这个研究项目是如此设计的，一旦研究开始，没有什么事物能够改变它。once begunonce the research is begun。本考题也可理解为过去分词作状语，句子的主语the research与begin
38、之间存在被动关系；在过去分词begun前加once，用来突出时间和条件概念。,10Unless_(invite)to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.答案：invited句意：除非被邀请作大会发言，否则在会议上你应当保持沉默。本题考查条件状语从句的省略，其完整形式为： Unless you are invited，.；本考题也可理解为分词作条件状语，动词invite与句子的主语you之间在逻辑上存在被动关系。,11Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why _(代词
39、)? John is sitting there doing nothing.答案：me考查省略的用法。在省略句中，人称代词单独使用，并且句中没有谓语动词时，采用代词的宾格形式。Why me？Why do you ask me?12Was it last summer_you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holiday in Hawaii? Not me. John was the lucky dog.答案：that本题考查了强调句型。被强调的部分是状语last summer。,13One of the sides of the board
40、 should be painted yellow, and _ white.答案：the other在并列句中，常省略后面分句中与前面相同的部分。例如：One was filled with petrol, one (was filled) with caster oil and one (was filled) with vinegar.本考题的题干后半部分的完整形式为：the other side should be painted white。,14This problem may lead to more serious ones if_(leave)unsolved.答案：left
41、状语从句的完整形式为：This problem may lead to more serious ones if it is left unsolved.在主从复合句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，常将从句的主语和谓语中的be省略。15Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ is the children.答案：It这是一个强调句，后面省略了that are making so much noise in the garden。,.单词拼写1The dog b_ him and made his leg bleed.2Soon an a_c
42、ame and took the injured driver to the hospital as quickly as possible.3A vein(血管)in his neck was cut and he b_to death.4Her head was b_and she was given a skin transplant operation on her left hand.5With so much e_equipment, wood and paper in one place, there is a danger of fire.答案：1.bit2.ambulance
43、3.bled4.bandaged5.electrical,.根据汉语意思完成句子1除非被邀请，否则你最好不要参加这次宴会。_ _， youd better not attend the party.2所有我能够做的就是尽力找到一个新办法。All that I can do is _ _ _ _ find a new way.3昨晚汤姆没有来，但他应该来。Last night Tom didnt come, but he _ _ _.,4工人们要求经理提高他们的待遇。The workers requested that the manager _ _ _.5据说有人会来帮我们解决问题，但不知是谁。It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem, but we dont know _.答案：1.Unless invited2.try my best to3.ought to have4.raise their pay5.who,
