1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修4,Womet of achievement,Unit 1,Section Learning about Language,Unit 1,观察思考用所给词的适当形式填空。Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group _(be)all going to visit them in the forest.Watching a family of chimps wake up _(be)our first activity of the day.Jane _(have) studied
2、these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.,Everybody _(sit) and _(wait) in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family _(be)as strong as in a human family
3、.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it _(be) unusual for a woman to live in the forest.答案：areishassits; waitsiswas,一、基础点拨(一)名词作主语时的主谓一致1只表示复数意义的名词people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。*Cattle are selling for record prices this year.牛今年的售价之高是创纪录的。,2集体名词crowd，family，team，g
4、roup，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。*The team is the best in this city.这个队是这个城市最好的队。*The team are driving to the game in their own cars.(强调队员)队员们正驾驶自己的车前往赛场。,3只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing，baggage/luggage，furniture，scenery，jewellery，eq
5、uipment等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。*The baggage was brought from the attic for packing.把行李从阁楼上搬下来打包。*The furniture was made according to her order.家具是按她的要求定做的。,4单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等，据其表达的单复数的意义而定。*The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通方式是乘飞机。*There wasnt a sheep in sight.一只羊也看不见。*The sheep are safe
6、 in the sheepfold.羊在羊栏里很安全。,5只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等，谓语动词用复数形式。*Therere a large variety of goods in the shops.商店里有各式各样的商品。6表示成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等，谓语动词用复数形式。*My trousers are too tight, so I have to change them for another pair.我的裤子太紧了，因此我只好换另一条。,名师点拨按“量”则不同表示成双成套的名词前
7、若有pair of，type of等修饰，谓语动词的单复数根据量词的形式确定。*A new pair of trousers was bought by my aunt yesterday.昨天我姑姑买了一条新裤子。,(二)并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1由and或both. and连接，其内容是复数，谓语动词需用复数。*Both the artist and his student are going to Beijing next week. 下周这位艺术家和他的学生打算去北京。2由or；either. or.；neither. nor.；not only. but also.；not.but
8、.等连接主语时，谓语动词单复数须与就近的名词或代词一致。*Either he or his friends are to give us a hand.他或者他的朋友们计划帮我们一把。,3主语后有with，together with，as well as，like，along with，rather than等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数仍与主语一致。*He, together with his classmates, is going to go swimming tomorrow afternoon.他和他的同班同学打算明天下午去游泳。,(三)数量概念作主语时的主谓一致1表示时间、距离、长
9、度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。*Ten years isnt a very long period.十年不是一段很长的时期。2some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词确定。*Some of the students are from abroad.(some指代学生们)一些学生来自国外。*Is there any more tea？还有茶吗？Yes, some is left.(some指代茶)有，还剩一点。,3a number of复数名词谓语(复数)。*A number of new buildings have jus
10、t been finished.很多的新楼刚刚建成。4the number of复数名词谓语(单数)。*The number of chairs in the classroom is 60.教室里有60把椅子。,5quantities of复数名词/不可数名词谓语(复数)；而a quantity of复数名词/不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词。*Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.冷却要用大量的水。*A quantity of food has been sent to the disasterstri
11、cken area.大量的食物被送往了灾难袭击的地区。,(四)不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1either，neither，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。*Each of us has a company car.我们每人都有一辆公司的汽车。2both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。*Both of them swim well.他们俩都很会游泳。,3all指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词形式用复数；若指不可数名词作主语，谓语动词形式用单数。*All of us were disappointed by him.他使我们大家都失望
12、了。*All of his advice is very important to us.他的所有的建议对我们来说很重要。,4none指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词形式单、复数均可；若指不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。*None of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。*None of the guests want to stay.客人中没有一个想留下的。,二、难点突破特殊结构作主语时的主谓一致。1由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。*Each boy and each girl is asked
13、to be dressed in a school uniform.每个男孩及每个女孩都被要求穿校服。*Many a book and many a dictionary was bought for the school. 为这所学校买了很多的书及词典。,2当and连接的两个词指同一个人或事物时，谓语要用单数。*The writer and teacher is giving a lecture to the students.这位作家兼教师正在给学生们做报告。3many a/more than one/one of单数名词谓语(单数)。*Many a book is handed out
14、among the readers.很多书被分发给了读者。,4the形容词作主语。*The poor are in need of help.穷人们需要帮助。5在there be句式中，谓语动词与就近的名词单复数一致。*There is a dictionary and some papers on the desk.桌上有一本词典和一些讲义。,6在倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数与其后面的名词的单复数一致。*There comes the bus.公交车来了。7定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与先行词的单复数一致。*Those who want to join the club sig
15、n here, please.想参加俱乐部的人请在这里签名。,8表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。*Learning about what happens every day in the world is to benefit you a lot.随时了解世上每天发生的事情一定会对你有益。,名师点拨what引导从句作主语，且谓语为系表结构时，谓语的单复数形式取决于表语。*What the farmers are in great need of now is water.农民们现在急需的东西是水。*What the farmers are in great need
16、 of now are tools.农民们现在急需的东西是工具。,单项语法填空1No bird and no beast _(see) in the lonely island.答案：is seen“no名词andno名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；主语和see之间为动宾关系。故用被动语态。句意为“在这个孤岛上，人们没有看到鸟和动物”。2One and a half apples _(be) left on the table.答案：is“one and a half复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。句意为“桌子上只剩下一个半苹果了”。,3How did your students expr
17、ess their thanks to you on Teachers Day?A gift together with many flowers _(be) sent to me.答案：was若句子的主语是由together with，along with，with，as well as名词或代词来修饰时，谓语须与together with，along with，with等前面的名词或代词保持数的一致。根据问句，此处用一般过去时。句意：“在教师节那天你的学生是如何向你表达谢意的？他们送给我一件礼物连同许多花。”,4Many a writer of newspaper articles _(h
18、ave) turned to writing novels.答案：has“many a单数名词”作主语，虽表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。句意为“许多报纸文章的作者已经转向于写小说”。5Five years _ (pass) since they met last time, and for them, five years _(be) really a long time.答案：has passed; is时间、重量、长度、价值的复数当一个整体来看，作主语时，谓语用单数。句意为“自他们上次见面到现在已五年过去了，对于他们来说，五年确实是很长的一段时间”。,6The number of peo
19、ple invited _(be) fifty, but a number of them _(be) absent for different reasons.答案：was; werethe number of.作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of.作主语时谓语动词用复数。句意为“受到邀请的人数为50，但很多人以不同的理由缺席”。7Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _(hope) to go to university.答案：hopes此处缺谓语，each of.作主语，谓语动词用单数，句意为“每一个
20、学生努力学习功课，都希望考上大学”。,8A rescue team _(be) sent to the flooded area and the team _(be) given different jobs.答案：was; were在本题中A rescue team指一个整体，作主语时谓语用单数；后面的the team指营救队里的成员，故谓语用复数。句意为“一支救援队被送到洪涝区，分派给队员们各种各样的工作”。9Her clothes _(make) by herself.答案：are madeclothes作主语，谓语用复数形式，clothes与make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。句
21、意为“她的衣服是她自己做的”。,10Jack is the only one of the students who _(speak) English well.答案：speaks在“the only one of复数名词”后的定语从句中，从句中的谓语动的数与one保持一致，应用单数。句意为“杰克是唯一一位说英语好的学生”。11Not only you but also he _(be) going to the meeting tomorrow.答案：isnot only.but also.连接并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则，本题中与he保持一致，应用单数。句意为“明天不仅你而且他也要
22、参加会议”。,12There _(be) a lake and five buildings in this park.答案：is“there be”后面接几个名词时，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词保持一致。句意为“在这个公园里有一个湖和五栋建筑”。13(2012湖南改编)All the scientific evidence _(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _(be) damaging our health.答案：shows; is考查主谓一致。evidence是不可数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数；that引导的宾语从句的主语是
23、use，故谓语用单数。,14(2012陕西改编)The basketball coach, as well as his team, _(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 答案：was本题考查主谓一致。句意：由于杰出的表现，在比赛之后不久，篮球教练和他的队员接受了采访。有as well as ，along with，together with等短语连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。故此处用单数谓语动词。根据情景判断，此处表示过去的事情。,15Listening to
24、loud music at rock concerts _(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.答案：has句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。,.用括号内单词的适当形式填空1The teacher and writer _(be)my friend.2Another three years _(have)passed.3In front of the house _(stand)two apple trees.4A basketball team _(have)5 me
25、mbers.The basketball team _(be)having baths now.5To learn one or two foreign languages _(be) very important nowadays.6This kind of apple _(taste)good. Apples of this kind _(taste)good.,7No one except his own supporters _(agree)with him.8There _(stand)in the park a big tree about thirty feet tall.9The rich _(be)for the plan，but the poor are against it.10Mr. Black together with his children _(go) to the park every Sunday.答案：1.is2.has3.stand4.has；are5.is6.tastes；taste7.agrees8.stands9.are10.goes,
