1、Unit 2 Healthy eating Section Learning about Language 课件（人教版必修3，课标通用）,研读材料，完成下列内容：一、重点单词熟记1_ vt.咨询；请教；商量2_ n纤维；纤维制品3_ vt.&vi.消化n.摘要；概要4_ adj.有毒的5_ n胡萝卜答案1.consult2.fibre3.digest4.poisonous5.carrot,二、重点短语探究1be punished _ 因受到惩罚2lose _失去信心3lose _ 丢脸4_ sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事答案1.for2.heart3.face4.encourage,
2、三、教材佳句背诵1By now his restaurant _ _ be full of people.这个时间他的餐厅应该是宾客盈门的。2She felt _ sad and hopeless _ herself and her behaviour changed.她对自己和行为的变化感到非常悲伤和无助。答案1.ought to2.so；about,1consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；参考；查阅(教材原句) However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a d
3、octor but lived on a diet of rice, raw vegetables, bananas and lemons.(P12)然而，因害怕被朋友们嘲笑，她没有向医生咨询，而是以米饭、生蔬菜、香蕉和柠檬为主食。【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。连词as连接的句子是原因状语从句；主句由连词but连接的并列句构成，其中but后面的句子省略了主语。,【用法归纳】consult sb about sth向某人咨询某事consult with sb(about/on sth) (就某事)与某人商量He went to the town to consult his doctor.他进城
4、去咨询医生。consultant n顾问Parents can consult the teachers about their children.家长可以向老师询问孩子们的情况。I think I must consult with a friend on this matter.我想我必须和朋友商量这件事。,【辨析】 consult/look up,【助记】,【典例剖析】He _ a number of books about the subject in the library before he gave his speech.Areferred Blooked intoCconsul
5、ted Dlooked up解析考查动词及短语意义。句意：在演讲前他在图书馆查阅了大量关于这门学科的图书。根据“查阅”后面的宾语可知用动词consult。refer to“查阅”；look into“调查”；consult“查阅”；look up“查找”。答案C,【即境活用】完成句子我建议对于这件事请教一下律师。I suggest he _ _ _ _ the matter.这个地名你可以查一下词典。You can _ _ _ for the place names.我采取行动之前一定和你商量。Ill do nothing _ _ you.答案consult a lawyer aboutcon
6、sult the dictionarywithout consulting,2digest vi.& vt.消化；领悟 n摘要；概要 (教材原句) I have digested most of the important points in the book.(P13)我已经领悟了书里的大部分要点。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。作宾语的是most of the important points。,【用法归纳】vi.& vt.消化；领悟Cheese doesnt digest easily.奶酪不易被消化。n摘要；概要This is a digest of the weeks news.这是一
7、周的新闻摘要。,【典例剖析】Do not undertake strong exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to _.Adigest Beat Cdrink Ddry解析考查动词。句意：饭后几个小时不要从事剧烈运动，以便食物能够消化。根据“饭后”的生活经验可知此处意思为“消化”。答案A,【即境活用】完成句子营养在慢慢吸收。Protein _ _.这是这次会议的概要。This is _ _ _ the meeting.答案digests slowlya digest of,语法导图,知能精解一、基本用法1ought to的用
8、法(1)表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，与should同义。You ought to be more careful when you cross the road next time.下次过马路时，你应该更小心些。You ought to work harder than your brother.你应该比你哥哥学习更努力。,【点津】 ought to的否定形式为ought not to(oughtnt to)，一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首，其否定答语通常用dont have to或neednt。Ought he to see the doctor?他该去看医生吗？Yes, he oug
9、ht to./No, he doesnt have to.是的，他该去。/不，他不必去。You ought not to make this kind of mistake again.你不应该再犯这种错误了。,(2)表示可能性，一般指较大的可能性，意为“按道理应该”。If he started at six, he ought to be here now.要是他六点就出发的话，这会儿该到这里了。,2have to的用法have to 意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助于助动词do。His mother is ill. He has to stay at h
10、ome to look after her.他妈妈病了，他得待在家里照顾她。【点津】(1)have to 侧重客观需要，有时态、人称和数的变化；must强调说话人的主观看法。(2)have to的否定式为dont have to，表示“没有义务或没有必要做某事”，意为“不必”，常可以回答用must提问的一般疑问句。而must的否定式mustnt表示“禁止”。,3need的用法(1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。You neednt go there now.你现在不必去那儿。Need I go there now？我
11、现在需要去那儿吗？【点津】 由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用neednt。 Need I hand in my paper now?我现在需要交上论文吗？Yes, you must./No, you neednt.是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。,(2)作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称、数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。You need to be careful.你得小心些。You dont need to be so worried.你不必如此担心。【点津】 当need作“需要”讲时，其后跟不定式的被
12、动形式相当于跟v.ing的主动形式，在这一点上，与want和require作“需要”讲时一样。The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修葺。,4dare的用法(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢”。I dare not walk through the wood at night.夜间我不敢在小树林里走。(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。The children dont dare (t
13、o) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。,5情态动词have done结构的用法(1)musthave done表示对过去发生事情所作出的合理或确有把握的推测，“想必/准是/一定”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/canthave done代替。From what you said, she must have told you all about it.从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。,(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。
14、could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。(3)should (ought to) have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。You should have done more exercise before.以前你应该多进行锻炼的。,(4)need have d
15、one表示“本需要做而实际未做“；neednt have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。You need have done it instead of him yesterday.昨天你本需要代替他做那件事的。(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。You might have read about it in the papers.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。,二、have to 与 must 的区别1两者都可意为“必须”、“应该”，但 have t
16、o 表示客观的需要，而 must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。2have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，而 must 只有一种形式。 He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天他必须照顾他的妹妹。3在否定结构中，dont have to 表示“不必”，mustnt 表示“禁止”、“不许”。 You dont have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。,4在回答 must 的一般疑问句时，肯定式常用 must，表示 “必须”，否定式常用 need not (neednt)或 dont have to，表示“不
17、必”。 Must I be home before nine oclock?我必须九点之前回家吗？Yes, you must./No, you neednt(you dont have to)是的，必须的。/不，不必。,【典例剖析】You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.Amust BmustntChave to Ddont have to解析考查情态动词的用法。句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。dont have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。故选D。答案D,Its quite warm here; we _ turn
18、the heating on yet.Acouldnt BmustntCneednt Dwouldnt解析考查情态动词。句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要还开着暖气。neednt“不必”；couldnt“不能”；mustnt“禁止”；wouldnt“不肯；不会”。根据句意可知选C项。答案C,We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight faceCcould have faced Dmust have faced解析考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是
19、一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have done表示“过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做”，符合句意。答案C,They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.Awill BcanCmust Dshould解析考查情态动词。句意：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。will have done“将来可以完成”；can have done“可能做过”，表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done“一定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定
20、推测；should have done“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。but their flight was delayed 这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。答案D,Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来不必那么匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他提前半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have done结
21、构，表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。答案A,知能精练I. 完成句子1我们应当更加认真地对待作业。We _ _ be more careful with our homework.2弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜把医生请来。My brother was badly ill, so I _ _ call the doctor at midnight.3你不许把这件事告诉他。You _ tell him about it.,4他需要这么快就走吗？他不必走。Need he go so soon?He _ go.5她想要什么，只需说一声就行。If she wants anything, she _ on
22、ly ask.6她本不必亲自来打个电话来就足够了。She _ _ in persona call would have been enough.7他们不需要担心它。一切将会很好。They _ worry about it. Everything will be better.,8三个月前，我丈夫在另一个城市找到了一份新工作，所以我们不得不再次搬家。Three months ago my husband got a new job in another city, so we _ _ move again.9今天我一定要上交我的练习书吗？不，你不需要交。_ I hand in my exerci
23、se book today?No, you dont have to.10昨天晚上她本不需要到车站见他面，但是她去了。She _ have gone to the station to meet him last night, but she did.,答案1.ought to2.had to3.mustnt4.neednt5need6.neednt have come7.neednt8.had to 9Must10.neednt,.单项填空1The teacher commanded that the students _ the classroom before he returned.A
24、didnt leave BleaveCneednt leave Dnot leave解析考查情态动词。句意：老师命令学生在他回来前不要离开教室。此处动词command的宾语用虚拟语气，should可以省略。答案D,2She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.Ashould Bcould Cmust Dmight解析考查情态动词。句意：她看起来非常高兴，她肯定考试及格了。根据语境“must have done”意思为“一定”符合。答案C,3None of th
25、em could understand your meaning, _？Acould they Bdidnt heCdo they Dcould it解析考查情态动词。句意：没有人能明白你的意思，对吧？根据反义疑问句的特点，可知此处用情态动词作为助动词。答案A,4Naturally，when I tell her what to do，my daughter _ go and do the opposite! Amay Bcan Cmust Dshould解析考查情态动词。句意： 通常，我告诉女儿做什么时，女儿非得做相反的事。此处主要考查情态动词：must的特殊意思“非要、非得、偏要、偏偏”，
26、表示与说话人愿望相反。 答案C,5Jackie，you _ hang all your clothes in the room like this! Awouldnt BneedntCmustnt Doughtnt to解析考查情态动词。句意：杰克，你不该把你的所有衣服都像这样挂在屋里。根据句意和语境可知Jackie悬挂衣服在屋里是不妥当的，故不该这样做，wouldnt“不愿意”； neednt“不需要”； mustnt“禁止”； oughtnt to“不应该”。答案D,6I _ tell you with certainty that he wont be able to finish it
27、 before the deadline. Awill Bmust Ccan Dshall解析考查情态动词。意思相当于“我可以肯定地说”。答案C,7We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.Aneednt Bmay notCshouldnt Dmustnt解析考查情态动词。句意：我们可能未被证明是最好的冒险家，但是我们完成了过去十年中最伟大的征途。结合语境可以选出最佳答案：may not。答案B,8I was on the hig
28、hway when their car went past followed by a police car.They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. Ashould have been drivingBmust have been drivingCcould have drivenDwould have driven解析考查情态动词及虚拟语气。根据语境“超车”可以选出最佳答案：must have been driving 。答案B,9James didnt show up last night, did he?No. He _.We had change
29、d our plan.Ashouldnt have come Bdidnt need to comeCneednt have come Dneednt come解析考查情态动词。句意：詹姆斯昨晚没有露面，对吗？他没有来，他没有必要来。我们已经改变了计划。本题考查情态动词的用法，根据We had changed our plan，可以推知他没有必要来，实际上也没来，只有B符合。 答案B,10I stayed at a friends while in New York.Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. Acould have stayed Bcould stayCwould stay Dmust have stayed解析考查情态动词及虚拟语气。此题根据语境“与朋友待在”可知选择：must have stayed最佳。答案D,
