1、.词汇：根据提示写出相应单词。1_(n.) 百分比，百分率2_(adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的_(n.) 差别；区别；卓著3_(n.)大多数；大半_(反义词)少数4_(n.)意大利_(n. & adj.)意大利人(的)；意大利语(的)5_(n.) 飞行器；航空器；飞机_(复数形式),6_(adj.)人种的；种族的_(n.)人种；种族7_(vt.)选择；选举某人_(n.)答案：1.percentage2.distinct; distinction3.majority; minority4.Italy; Italian5.aircraft; aircraft6.racial; race 7el
2、ect; election,.短语1live_ 继续存在；继续生存2by means_ 用办法；借助3declare war_. 向宣战4make a_ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等5_the late 19th century 在十九世纪晚期6keep_ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)答案：1.on2.of3.on4.life5.in6.up,.课文概述根据课文内容进行填空，每空限填一词。California, the third largest state in the USA, has the_1_of being multicultural. The Native Americans
3、are believed to have crossed the Bering_2_to America by_3_of a land bridge. In the 18th century, the Spanish began to settle in California. Then from the year 1848, some gold miners came to this place to_4_a life, despite great_5_. By the year 1850 when California was_6_as the thirtyfirst_7_state of
4、 the USA, it was multicultural.,Today, ChineseAmericans are living in all parts of California, although a large_8_of them have chosen the“Chinatowns”. Other immigrants such as_9_， mainly fishermen as well as wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. Most recently, more people from
5、 Asia have settled here. And in future, there will be no distinct major_10_or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._,答案：1.distinction2.Strait3.means4.make5.hardship6.elected7.federal8.percentage9.Italians10racial,1illustrate (v.)1)sth(with sth)加
6、插图于；给(书等)作图表This English textbook is well illustrated.这本英语教科书有精美的插图。2)(用示例、图画等)说明、解释He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences.他用自己的经历说明了他的观点。,【知识运用】(1)(2004上海50)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to_the point.AillustrateBsuggestCexpress Drecognize答案：A本题题意：老师在黑板上写了个实例来举例说明这
7、个要点。illustrate表示“举例说明”。,(2)The teacher_the history lesson with pictures of castles.Ataught BillustratedCshowed Daddressed答案：B本题题意：教师利用城堡图画讲解历史课。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用说明、解释”。注意，teach sb a lesson表示“教训某人一顿”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson Ill never forget. 那事故给我的教训永远也不能忘记。,2distinction (n.
8、)1)C(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比I cant see any distinction between these two cases.我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。2)U 优秀；杰出；卓越He is a writer of real distinction.他是一位真正才智超群的作家。3)U 区分；分清；辨别The new law makes no distinction between adults and children.这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。,【知识拓展1】1)distinct (adj.)(1)(from sth)截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的
9、Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.这两个建议截然不同。(2)清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.你的英语口语有明显的进步。,2)distinguish (v.)(1)(between)A and B|A from B 区分；辨别；分清Can you distinguish the different musical instruments playing now?你能区分出正在演奏的各种不同的乐器吗？(2)A (
10、from B) 成为的特征；使具有的特色；使有别于What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？,【知识拓展2】(1)draw/make a distinction between 对加以区别We should make a distinction between right and wrong.我们应该分清是非。(2)without distinction 无差别地， 一视同仁地He is fair to us without distinction.他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。(3)be di
11、stinct in.from. 在某方面与.不同Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect.在各个方面真丝跟人造丝截然不同。,(4)be distinguished from不同于； 与加以区别Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement.工作丰富化和工作扩大化应加以区分。(5)distinguish oneself(as.)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐The monitor distinguished himself by his performance i
12、n the examination.班长在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。,【知识运用】(1)These two horses look so much_that we can not_one from the other.Aalike; differ Blikely; separateCalike; distinguish Dlikely; differ答案：C本题题意：这两匹马长得很像， 我们分辨不出谁是谁。alike表示“相像的；十分相似的”。distinguish表示“区分；辨别；分清”。,(2)(原创)Young as she is, she knows how to distingu
13、ish_friend and foe.AamongBduringCwith Dbetween答案：D本题题意：虽然她年轻，她懂得怎样区分敌友。distinguish(between)A and B|A from B表示“区分；辨别；分清”。,(3)Employers should hire men and women without_.Adoubt BdistinctionCeffort Ddelay答案：B本题题意：雇主用人应不分男女。without distinction 表示“无差别地， 一视同仁地”。,(4)(原创)This new suggestion is a_improvemen
14、t from the one I originally made.Adifferent BdistinctCvarious Dprecise答案：B本题题意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示“明显的”。,3majority (n.)1)sing. & pl.(of sb/sth.)大部分；大多数A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多数人赞成这个建议。,2)C(over
15、 sb)获胜的票数；多数票They had a large majority over the other party at the last election.在上次选举中他们以悬殊的票数击败了对方。He won by a majority of two: the vote was seven to five.他以两票多数获胜：票数是七比五。,【知识运用】(1)The_of Chinese people have television.Amajority BmajorCmostly Dmayor答案：A本题题意：中国人大多数都有电视。majority表示“大部分；大多数”。,(2)Most
16、of the Americans use their cars_for their job.Amajority Bmostly Cmainly Despecially答案：B本题题意：大多数美国人的汽车主要是用来上班的。mostly用作副词，表示“大多数地；大部分地；主要地”。,(3)The majority of children in our class_brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.Ahave BhasCis Dare答案：A本题题意：我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。“the majority of复数名词”在句中担任主语时，谓
17、语动词采用复数形式。the majority担任主语，谓语动词采用单复数形式均可。,4declare (v.)1)公布；宣布；宣告The city officials declared a state of emergency.城市当局宣布该城处于紧急状态。 2)表明；宣称；断言“Im not coming with you and thats final！”declared Mary.“我不跟你去这是最后决定！”玛丽郑重地说。3)申报(应纳税品)；申报(收益)The customs asked me if I had anything to declare.海关人员问我是否有要报税的东西。,
18、【词语辨析】announce, declare这两个动词均含“宣布”之意。1)declare侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布，譬如：声明个人立场等。The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany.新的国会向德国宣战了。,2)announce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣的或者可满足大家好奇心的事情。The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.投票完毕。主席宣布了结果。,【知识运用】(1)She_that she didnt want to see him again.Aadd
19、ressed BbroadcastCannounced Ddeclared答案：D本题题意：她宣称她再也不愿见到他。declare表示“表明；宣称；断言”。,(2)All the leading media in China_Premier Wen Jiabaos official visit to South Korea and Japan.Areported BprintedCannounced Ddeclared答案：A本题题意：中国所有的主流媒体都报道了温家宝总理对韩国和日本的正式访问。report表示“报道；公布；发表；宣布”。,(3)(2008山东28) The fact that
20、 she never apologized_a lot about what kind of person she is.Asays Btalks Cappears Ddeclares答案：A本题题意：她从未道歉的事实足以说明她是哪一类人。say表示“表明，显示，表达(思想、感情)”。,(4)采用declare, announce, publish以及print的适当形式填空：The magazine_a short story written by a high school student.The scene is _on my memory.Everyone was silent as
21、he _ the winner of the competition.I _ at the meeting that I did not support him.This firm _ a lot of musical and sports books.Please _ to the children that there will be no school this afternoon.,Is it an error if you _ a document, only to find that no printers are connected?I have a laptop compute
22、r. Do I have to _ it at the customs?,答案：published这家杂志刊登了一个中学生所写的短篇小说。printed那情景深深印在我的记忆里。announced当他宣布竞赛的优胜者时，大家都静静地倾听。declared我在会上声明我不支持他。prints/publishs这家公司出版了大量的音乐和体育书籍。announce请通知孩子们今天下午不上课。print如果你在打印一个文档，却发现没有连接打印机，这是个错误吗？declare我有个手提电脑，需要在海关申报吗？,5elect (v.)1)to do sth 选择，决定(做某事)She elected to
23、 return to work after her baby was born.她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。He elected to remain at home.他决定留在家中。,2)sb(to sth)|sb(as)sth 选举；推选The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country.政府是由这个国家的人民选出的人员组成的。They elected Tom as their representative.他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。,【词语辨析】elect, select, cho
24、ose, pick这些动词均含有“选择”之意。1)elect指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。We elected our monitor by a show of hands.我们举手选举了班长。2)select强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”， 侧重以客观为标准进行选择。She selected a diamond ring from the collection.她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。,3)choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。She chose the red sweater rather than
25、the pink one.她选中那件红毛衣而不要那件粉红的。4)pick口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”， 有时含有“任意选择”的意思。Please pick a good book for me.请为我挑一本好书。,【知识运用】(1)Increasing numbers of people_to work from home nowadays.Aelect BselectCchoose Dpick答案：A本题题意：现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。elect表示“选择、决定(做某事)”，通常后接不定式短语担任宾语。,(2)采用elect, select, choose或 pick的
26、适当形式填空：Free will makes us able to_our way of life.Why didnt you_a better subject for your composition?I wonder who they will_as mayor.When I buy tomatoes, I always try to_the red ones.,答案： choose自由的意志使我们可以选择自己的生活方式。select你为什么不选一个更好的作文题？elect我不知道他们会选谁当市长。pick/choose我买西红柿时总是挑红的。,1live on 继续活着；继续存在She
27、died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆里。These traditions will live on for centuries.这些传统将世代相传。,【知识拓展】1)live on sth (1)以食为生Small birds live mainly on insects.小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。(2)仅以(一种或几种食物)为主要食物Most of Asians live on rice.多数亚洲人以大米为主食。(3)靠(钱)生活You cant live on forty pounds a week.你靠每
28、周四十英镑没法过活。,2)live by sth 按照(某信念或原则)生活Thats a philosophy I could live by.那就是我所信奉的人生信念。3)live by doing sth 靠做某事赚钱为生(或获取所需)Jack lived by writing for a newspaper.杰克靠给一家报纸写稿来维持生活。4)live for sb/sth 以为主要生活目的；为而活着They live for nothing but pleasure.他们只是为了享乐而生活。,5)live with sth忍受，容忍(不快的事)I just had to learn t
29、o live with the pain.我不得不学会忍受痛苦。6)live up to sth 达到，符合，不辜负(他人的期望)Did the TV play live up to your expectations?这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗？,【知识运用】(1)(2010湖北29) Had she_her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.Alooked up to Blived up to Ckept up with Dcome up with 答案：B本题题意：如果她履行自己诺言的话，她早就进入耶鲁大学了。live
30、 up to ones promise表示“履行诺言；实践诺言”，其中live up to 表示“履行(诺言)等；遵守(原则)；达到，不辜负(他人的期望)”。,(2)(2008湖北26) In modern times, people have to learn to_all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.Akeep with Bstay with Cmeet with Dlive with答案：D本题题意：在现代社会，人们虽然过着舒适的生活，但是还得学会忍受各种压力。live with sth表示
31、“忍受，容忍(不快的事)”。,(3)(原创)I explained to Winnie that it was more than likely we would have to_her small salary.Aturn onBlive onCswitch on Dinsist on答案：B本题题意：我对温妮说，我们很可能不得不靠她那微薄的收入维持生活。live on表示“靠(钱)生活”。,(4)采用适当的介词填空： After she died he had nothing to live_.She tried to live_writing, but it didnt provide
32、a good enough income.He has barely enough money to live_.He will die, but his fame will live_after him.He is going to live_the coast for the sake of his health.You must live_the fact that youre no longer as young as you were.This car will certainly live_all your expectations if you buy it, sir.,答案：f
33、or她去世后，他便没有了生活目标。by她想靠写作为生，但收入仍然不够。on他的钱仅够勉强维持生计。on他是要死的，但是他的声誉将永存。by他为了自己的健康，打算到海滨地区去居住。with你必须承认，你已经不象过去那样年轻了。up to如果你买这辆车的话，先生，它将肯定会使你一切如愿的。,2by means of 借助手段；依靠方法They succeeded by means of hard working.他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。By means of a clever trick, he made it(seem to)disappear.他用了个巧妙的手法，把它变没了。,【知识拓展】
34、1)by no means 绝不；一点也不She is by no means poor; in fact, shes quite rich.她可不穷， 其实她很阔。2)by all means 可以；当然行；没问题Can I see it?By all means.“我可以看看吗？”“当然可以。”,【知识运用】(1)(2010江苏27)Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?_.Ours is much stronger than theirs.AOf co
35、urse BIt depends CDont mention it DBy no means答案：D本题题意：“你认为他们的乒乓球队会在即将举行的亚运会上获得冠军吗？ ”“绝无可能。我们球队的实力比他们强多了。”by no means表示“绝不；一点也不”。,(2)(2010届南通市高三第一次模拟考试)People in Los Angels have no idea of distance on the map, so they measure distance_time not miles.Aby way of Bby means of Cfor lack of Don account o
36、f答案：B本题题意：洛杉矶人对地图上的距离没有概念，所以他们用耗费多少时间而不是用英里来衡量路程。by means of表示“用，凭借”。,(3)(河北省邢台市2010届高三第二次模拟考试)I hope that you can remove the difference between you and Susan and become good friends._If only Susan had the same idea.AMy pleasure. BFor what? CWhy me? DBy all means.答案：D本题题意：“我希望你能够消除你和苏珊之间的分歧而成为好朋友。”“
37、当然可以。但愿苏珊也有同样的想法。”by all means表示“可以；当然行；没问题”。,(4)(2006山东21) For him_stage is just_means of making a living.Aa; a Bthe; aCthe; the Da; the答案：B本题题意：对他来说，戏剧表演仅仅是一种谋生手段而已。the stage表示“戏剧；戏剧表演； 戏剧界”。,(5)(2006重庆24) Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means_with my progress.Athe teacher is
38、not satisfiedBis the teacher not satisfiedCthe teacher is satisfiedDis the teacher satisfied答案：D本题题意：我已经竭尽全力来提高英语水平，但老师对于我所取得的进步一点儿都不满意。by no means 等具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子通常采用“部分倒装”。,(6)(2008重庆27) In many places in China，_bicycle is still_popular means of transportation.Aa; the B/; a Cthe; a
39、 Dthe; the答案：C本题题意：在中国的许多地区，自行车仍然是最普遍的交通工具。定冠词the可以用在可数名词表示“类指”，强调“整个类别”。此外，means of transportation 表示“交通工具；运输方式 ；交通设施”，与不定冠词a连用，表示“非特指的一个”。,3in addition(to sb./sth.)除以外(还)When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses.黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。In addition to giving a general introd
40、uction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。,【知识运用】(1)(江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市2010届高三教学情况调查)Nowadays, many people walk to work_Copenhagen Conference calling for living a lowcarbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.Ain relation to Bin response to Cin addition
41、 to Din opposition to答案：B本题题意：如今，许多人步行去上班以回应哥本哈根会议上所发出的为应付全球变暖而采取低碳生活方式的呼吁。in response to 表示“回答，响应”。,(2)_the names on the list there are six other applicants.AIn common with BIn addition toCCompared to DExcept for答案：B本题题意：除此名单上的名字之外， 还有六个申请人。in addition(to sb/sth)表示“除以外(还)”。,(3)There is，_， one furth
42、er point to make.Ain brief Bin generalCin short Din addition答案：D本题题意：此外，还有一点要说。in addition(to sb/sth)表示“除以外(还)”。,4make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life.如果你工作上想获得，你是在谋生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there.这对年轻的夫妇搬
43、到附近的城市去适应新的生活。,【知识拓展】1)make a living谋生He left his office job to try to make a living on the land.他辞去了办公室的工作，改以务农为生。 2)lead/live a.life过着的生活/日子We lead a quiet life in the country.我们在乡下过着安静的生活。,【知识运用】(1)Nowadays, most people are so busy making a_that they forget to make a_.Aliving; living Blife; lifeC
44、living; life Dlife; living答案：C本题题意：时下， 多数人忙于谋生，忘记了生活。make a life 表示“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”；make a living表示“谋生”。,(2)(2007安徽25) In my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than_.Athat used to be Bit is used toCit was used to Dit used to be答案：D本题题意：依我之见，二十一世纪的生活与过去相比要安逸舒适得多。it指代life; used to表
45、示“过去常常；过去曾(而现在不再)做”。,(3)(原创)In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a_，but to make a_.Aliving; difference Blife; changeCliving；life Ddifference; living答案：C本题题意：教育不是为了教会青年人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。make a life 表示“习惯于新的生活方式、工作等”；make a living表示“谋生”。make a difference(to/in sb/sth)表示“有作用，关系，影响”。make a change表示“改变”。,5keep sth up1)使某事物保持在高水平The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下。2)使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平) Youre all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work!你们干得都很出色， 要坚持下去！3)使处于高水平；使不低落They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。,
