1、1somehow (adv.)1)以某种方式(或方法)He arrived in Beijing somehow, though I dont know how he did it.反正他到了北京,虽然我不知道他是怎样去的。We must stop him from seeing her somehow.我们得想个办法阻止他和她来往。,2)由于某种未知的原因;不知为什么;不知怎么地I always know Id get the job, somehow.也不知为什么,我总觉得能得到那份工作。Somehow, I dont feel I can trust him.不知什么缘故,我觉得不能信任
2、他。,【知识运用】(1)He could have finished it on schedule, but_he fell behind.AsomehowBthoughCtherefore Dotherwise答案:A本题题意:他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的,但不知怎地却落后了。somehow表示“由于某种未知的原因;不知为什么;不知怎么地”。,(2)_, Id better go nowIll see you tomorrow.ASomehow BAnywayCAnyhow DOtherwise答案:B本题题意:反正我现在还是走得好明天见。anyway表示“(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题
3、时使用)无论如何;反正”。注意,anyway表示“而且;加之;反正”时,可以和anyhow互换。例如:Its too expensive and anyway/anyhow/besides the colour doesnt suit you.这个太贵,而且颜色也不适合你。,2fed up(adj.)(with sb/sth.)厌烦;厌倦;不愉快Whats the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦?你显得那么不高兴。Im fed up with waiting for her to telephone.我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。,【知识拓展】1)be(s
4、ick and)tired of sb./sth./doing sth.对某人(某事/做某事)不耐烦或感到厌烦Im tired of(listening to)your criticisms.我听腻了你的批评。2)be impatient with sb/sth对某人(或某事)不耐烦Youre too impatient with her; shes only a child.你对她太缺乏耐心, 她只不过是个孩子。,3)be bored with sb/sth/doing sth 对某人(或某物)厌倦(或烦闷)The children quickly got bored with stayin
5、g indoors.孩子们在屋子里很快就待不住了。4)be sick of sb/sth/doing sth厌倦或腻烦某人(或某事物)Im sick of waiting around like this.我腻烦像这样在一旁等着。,【知识运用】(1)People are_all these traffic jams.Afed up with Bput up withCdealt with Dgot along with答案:A本题题意:人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。be fed up(with sb/sth.)表示“(对感到)厌烦;厌倦;不愉快”。,(2)I dont know how she_h
6、is cruelty to her.Afed up with Bput up withCdealt with Dgot along with答案:B本题题意:我不明白她怎么能忍受他的虐待。put up with sb/sth表示“忍受或容忍某人(或某事物)”。,复习动词时态(Revise the verb tenses)1一般现在时1)一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作,即不断重复发生的动作。常和副词 usually,often,always, sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连用。Hes working.
7、 He always works at night.他在工作。他常常在晚上工作。,2)一般现在时可用以陈述永恒的真理。Summer follows spring.春去夏来。3)一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段发生或存在的事件、动作或状况。这些事件、动作或情境说不定会无限期地持续下去。My sister wears glasses.我妹妹戴眼镜。,4)一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排的事情。这类动词有:be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。 The train leaves a
8、t 7:00 pm.火车在下午7点离开。,5)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Whenever it rains the roof leaks.只要下雨屋顶就漏水。6)一般现在时可用于戏剧性的叙述。在描述戏剧、歌剧等中的动作时极为有用。也常用于电台评论员、解说员对运动项目、公共集会等的报道中。When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly, the window opens and a masked man enters.幕启时,朱丽叶正坐在桌旁写字。忽然,窗户开了,一个戴面罩的人走
9、进来。,2一般过去时1)一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件,动作或状况,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。When did you meet him?你是什么时候见到他的?Sam phoned me a moment ago.萨姆刚才给我打过电话。,2)一般过去时可以表示过去的习惯性动作。They never drank wine.他们从来不喝葡萄酒。I smoked forty cigarettes a day till I gave up.我戒烟前每天要抽40支烟。3)一般过去时可以表示刚刚发生过的事情,而不必说明时间。Who left the door open?谁
10、没关门?Did the telephone ring?刚才电话铃响了吗?,3一般将来时1)shall/willv.主要表示事先未曾考虑过的某种意图或打算,即说话时刻临时想到做什么事。Im sorry that I forgot to bring my pen with me.Ill lend mine to you if you need it.“抱歉,我忘记带钢笔了。”“如果你需要的话,我把我的笔借给你。”2)be going tov.在口语中广泛使用,主要表示准备做或将发生的事情。这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备。Im going to meet Tom at the stat
11、ion at six.我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。,3)be tov.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。We must go if we are to take the nine oclock train.如果我们一定要乘坐9:00的火车,我们必须走了。4)be about tov.表示即将发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语。A new book is about to be brought out. 一本新书即将出版。,5)be due tov.表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。We are due to leave tomorrow.我们定于明天动身。4现在
12、进行时1)现在进行时表示说话时刻正在进行的动作或事件。I am not wearing a coat as it isnt cold.天气不冷,我没穿外衣。,2)现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。Whats your daughter doing these days?Shes studying English at Shandong University.“你女儿现在在干什么?”“她在山东大学学英语”。3)现在进行时可以表示暂时发生的事情。The river is flowing very fast after last nights
13、rain.昨夜下过雨之后,河水流速很快。,4)现在进行时可以表示当前的动向。People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人们对于吸烟较为难以容忍了。5)现在进行时可以表示为将来安排好的活动或时间。表示趋向行为的动词(come, go, start, begin, leave等词)常用进行时表示将来时。 The Smiths are moving to America next year.史密斯一家明年将搬到北京。,6)现在进行时可以表示重复性动作。副词always, constantly, forever, repeate
14、dly, all the time等可以与进行时连用,表示不断重复的动作。此外,还具有“赞叹、赞许、表扬、抱怨、 厌恶等感情色彩。She is constantly changing her mind.她经常改变主意。,5过去进行时1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一阶段正在发生的动作。When I arrived, Tom was talking on the phone.我到达时,汤姆正在打电话。2)表示过去计划、安排好的将要发生的动作。He was busy packing,for he was leaving that night.他那时正忙着打点行李,因为那天晚上他就要走了。3)表示
15、逐渐的发展, 通常不与时间状语连用。It was getting darker.天越来越黑了。,4)表示重复性的动作。When he worked here, Roger was always making mistakes.罗杰在这儿工作时老出差错。5)在描述性的段落中常使用过去进行时态,描述故事发生的背景。The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.风在刮,大雨倾盆而下。,6将来进行时1)将来进行时通常和某一时刻连用,表示一个动作在该时刻之前开始并且很可能在该时刻之后仍然继续。Now they are sitting in their clas
16、sroom. They are listening to a tape. This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema.They will be watching a film.现在他们正坐在教室里。他们在听录音。明天这个时候他们将会坐在电影院里看电影。2)将来进行时用来表示不含意图又未发生的动作。I will be seeing Tom tomorrow.明天我要和汤姆见面。,7现在完成时1)表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作。I have(only)just seen John.我刚才见到约翰了。2)表示在更早一点的过去发
17、生的动作,它和现在的时间的联系仍然保持着,即该动作有可能现在仍在重复。 John Smith has written a number of short stories.约翰史密斯已经写了许多短篇小说。(意指他仍活着并可能写更多的小说。),3)表示反复性和习惯性的动作,常常和表示频率的副词连用。Ive watched him on TV several times.我在电视里看到他好几次了。,4)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以替代将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.我一写完这封信就寄出去。,8过去
18、完成时1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况。 I had just poured myself a glass of beer when the phone rang.When I came back form answering it the glass was empty. Somebody had drunk the beer or thrown it away.我刚刚给自己倒了一杯啤酒,电话铃就响了。我接电话回来时,啤酒杯空了。一定有人喝掉了啤酒或者把它泼掉了。,2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, d
19、esire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希 望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。注意:表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式还可以采用: was/wereto have done sthWe were to have been married in May.我们本定于五月结婚。,intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)to have done sth.They had meant to see us off at the station, but they couldnt get there
20、in time.他们原打算来车站为我们送行,但是他们没有及时到达。,3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: hardly, scarcely, barely过去完成时when过去时。Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain.我们刚一举步就下起雨来了。 no sooner过去完成时than过去时。No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow.他一到,天就下起雪来了。,9将来完成时 1)将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。By the end of ne
21、xt month he will have been here for ten years.到下月底,他在这儿就够十年了。2)表示一种猜测。Wed better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so hell be able to enjoy himself.我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了,这样他就能够玩得痛快。,10完成进行时 1)现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始、现仍在继续中的动作或一个过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。Ive been waiting for an hour and h
22、e still hasnt turned up.我等了一小时了,可他还没来。2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。 It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.倾盆大雨连续下了一个多星期,许多地方发生了山体滑坡。,3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。By the end of this year hell have been acting for
23、 thirty years.到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。,语法专练1(2010全国121)Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No, I _my homework all day yesterday.Awas doing Bwould do Chas done Ddo答案:A本题题意:“简爱你读完了吗?”“没有,昨天一整天我都在做作业。”过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。根据时间状语all day yesterday可以排除选项C以及选项D。B为过去将来时不符合题意。,2(2010全国128)When you are home,
24、 give a call to let me know you _safely.Aare arriving Bhave arrived Chad arrived Dwill arrive答案:B本题题意:当你到家的时候,打电话告知我你已经安全回家了。本题考查了主从复合句的时态呼应。从句为连词when引导的时间状语从句,主句为祈使句,均采用一般现在时表“将来”。此外,根据语境可知,“安全到达”发生在“打电话告知我”之前,因此动作arrive应使用现在完成时表示“将来完成”。,3(2010全国1 32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands
25、 to believe that a fortune _.Ais made Bwould make Cwas to be made Dhad made 答案:C本题题意:澳大利亚发现了金矿使得成百上千的人相信在那儿可以发大财。本题考查时态和语态的用法。make a fortune表示“发财”,动作make和名词fortune之间存在被动关系,排除选项B,D;此外,谓语动词lead采用了过去式形式,暗示语境发生在过去,因此选C。注意,be to do表示“将会;将要”,为将来时的表现形式之一。,4(2010全国215)Linda, make sure the table_before the g
26、uests arrive.Abe set Bset Care set Dare setting答案:C本题题意:琳达, 在客人们到来之前务必把餐具摆放好。本题考查时态和语态的用法。在make sure, make certain, take care, be careful,mind,watch等引导的宾语从句中,谓语动词采用一般现在时表示将来意义。此外,set the table表示“摆饭桌,摆餐具”,因而宾语从句采用被动语态。,5(2010全国219) Excuse me. I_I was blocking your way.Adidnt realize Bdont realize Cha
27、vent realized Dwasnt realizing,答案:A本题题意:对不起,我没有意识到挡了你的路。在英语中,有些句子虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态,此时采用一般过去时。例如: I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用一般过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。(这句话暗指在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病。
28、),6(2010安徽26) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_.Awas busy Bis busy Chad been busy. Dwill be busy 答案:A本题题意:鲍勃昨天本来会帮助我们的,但是他太忙了。本题考查虚拟语气以及时态的用法。第一句话表示与过去情况相反的假设,而but之后的并列句表示过去的客观事实,谓语部分采用一般过去时。,7(2010安徽28)Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No, I _the book, so I already knew the sto
29、ry.Awas reading Bhad read Cam reading Dhave read答案:B本题题意:“你对电影的结局感到意外吗?”“不意外。我读过这本书,故事情节早已知道了。”“看书”发生在“知道故事情节”之前,采用过去完成时。,8(2010安徽34)We ve spent too much money recently.Well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives_around all the time.Aare coming Bhad come Cwere coming Dhave been coming答案:D本题题意
30、:“近来我们花钱太多。”“并不意外。亲朋好友一直人来人往。”现在完成进行时可以表示一个过去开始,现仍在持续中的动作。,9(2010北京22) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words_.Aare dropped Bdrop Care being dropped Dhave dropped 答案:A本题题意:在美国部分地区的英语口语中,单词末尾的“r”音脱落了(读没了)。本题考查时态以及被动语态的用法。客观陈述一种现象采用一般现在时,此外,主语“r”与动作sound之
31、间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系。,10(2010北京24) Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends_for us.Awill wait Bwait Chave waited Dare waiting答案:D本题题意:“我还没吃晚饭呢。”“但是我们的朋友都在等着我们呢。” 现在进行时可以表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。,11(2010北京26)Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry,
32、 I_myself clear. We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt make Cdont make Dhavent made,答案:D本题题意:“对不起,我不太明白你的话。你是说你想在9月20日回来吗?”“对不起,我没有把话说清楚。我们想在10月20日回来。”“话”没有说清楚,发生说话人在“道歉”之前,因此只能采用I didnt make myself clear. 或I havent make myself clear.形式。,12(2010北京28) It took me a long time before I wa
33、s able to fully appreciate what they_for me.Ahad done Bdid Cwould do Dwere doing答案:A本题题意:我花了相当长的时间才完全理解他们为我所做的事情。在主从复合句中,当主句采用一般过去时,且从句的谓语动作先于主句的谓语动作发生时,宾语从句采用过去完成时。例如:They reported what they had seen. 他们把看到的情况作了汇报。,13(2010福建31)Guess what, weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summ
34、er.How nice! You_a different culture then.Awill be experiencing Bhave experiencedChave been experiencingDwill have experienced,答案:A本题题意:“猜猜看这是什么,我们拿到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证。”“太好了!届时你会体验到一种不同的文化”。将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。时间状语this summer以及then起到了暗示作用。,14(2010湖南24) This coastal area_a national wildlife res
35、erve last year.Awas named Bnamed Cis named DNames答案:A本题题意:这个沿海地区去年被列为了国家野生动植物保护区。本题考查时态和语态的用法。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,在本考题中时间状语last year起到了暗示作用。此外,谓语动作name与主语This coastal area之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系,采用被动语态。,15(2010湖南27) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone_it. Was it you?Ahas done Bhad done Cwoul
36、d do Dwill do 答案:B本题题意:我本想修剪我的蔷薇花丛,但是有人已经修剪过了。是你吗?动作do发生在was just going to cut之前,在时间上构成了“过去的过去”,采用过去完成时。,16(2010湖南 31) I walked slowly through the market, where people_all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.Asell Bwere selling Chad sold Dhave sold
37、答案:B本题题意:我在市场中缓慢地穿行,人们正在那儿出售着各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我仔细地研究了一下价格,然后购买了我所需要的物品。过去进行时可以表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。,17(2010湖南34) Im tired out. I_all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.Ashopped Bhave shoppedChad shopped Dhave been shopping答案:D本题题意:我累坏了。整个下午我一直在购物,似乎什么事都没做。现在完成进行时可以表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动
38、。,18(2010江苏23)Why, Jack, you look so tired!Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.Awas painting Bwill be painting Chave painted Dhave been painting,答案:D本题题意:“嗨,杰克,你看起来累坏了!”“唉,我一直在粉刷房子,明天必须完成”。现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。,19(2010江苏30)Peter, where did you guys go for the summ
39、er vacation?We_busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.Awere Bhave been Chad been Dwill be答案:C本题题意:“彼得,暑假你们去了哪儿? ”“我们忙于工作数月之久,因此去海滩边放松了一下。”“忙于工作”发生在“去海边”之前,采用过去完成时。,20(2010江西30)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she_since her marriage to Father.Ashoulders B
40、shouldered Cis shouldering Dhas been shouldering答案:D本题题意:母亲希望能使全家丰衣足食,这是她嫁给父亲以来所肩负的重任。现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去,强调动作的持续进行。注意,a good/poor provider表示“尽责的扶养者,使家人丰衣足食的人/不尽责的扶养者,让家人吃不饱穿不暖的人”。,21(2010辽宁24) Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in
41、 Russian.Ahas been going Bwent Cgoes Dhas gone答案:A本题题意:自从上个月以来,约瑟夫一直在上夜校,可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字?”这句话。现在完成进行时可以表示一个过去开始,现仍在持续中的动作。,22(2010辽宁30) I_all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done答案:B本题题意:我为全家人做饭,但是最近我太忙没时间做了。表示现阶段的一种状况,采用一般现在时。,23(201
42、0山东30) Up to now, the program_thousands of children who would otherwise have died.Awould save Bsaves Chad saved Dhas saved答案:D本题题意:迄今,这个项目已经挽救了成千上万个濒临死亡的孩子的生命。时间状语up to now表示“到目前为止;迄今”,是现在完成时态的标志。,24(2010陕西15) If we _the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad taken
43、 Ctook Dhave taken答案:B 本题题意:如果我们走另外一条路,我们就可能及时赶上开会了。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设,if从句采用过去完成时。,25(2010陕西21) I have to see the doctor because I_a lot lately.Ahave been coughing Bhad coughedCcoughed Dcough答案:A本题题意:我得去看医生,因为我一直咳嗽得很厉害。表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调其持续性,采用现在完成进行时。,26(2010陕西24)It is reported that man
44、y a new house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being built Cwas being built Dis being built答案:D本题题意:据报道,灾区正在兴建许多新房子。本题考查动词时态,语态及主谓一致的用法。由时间状语at present可知谓语动词采用现在进行时。“many a名词单数”在句中担任主语时,谓语动词采用单数形式。,27(2010四川16)When shall we restart our business?Not until we_our plan.Awill finis
45、h Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished答案:D本题题意:“我们的生意何时重新开张?”“直到我们完成了计划,我们再重新开张。”在时间状语从句中,经常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。,28(2010四川18) Youve failed to do what you_to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.Awill expect Bwill be expectedCexpected Dwere expected答案:D本题题意:你把老师期望你所做的事办砸了,恐怕老师会责备你。句中you与动作expect之间存在逻辑上的“动宾关系”,排除选项A, C。此外,谓语动作have failed暗示这件事情发生在过去,故采用过去时态。,