1、Unit 3ComputersLearning about Language现在完成时的被动语态,【探究寻规】根据句意, 用所给词的正确时态及语态填空。Over time I _(change) quite a lot. 经过一段时间我已被改变了很多。First as a PC and then as a laptop, I _(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s. 自20世纪70年代以来, 我一直被用在办公室和家庭里, 先是作为个人电脑, 后来又做成便携式的。,have been changed,have been used,Over time
2、 my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I _(tell)! 随着时间的推移, 我的记忆能力发展得如此之快, 就像一头大象一样, 从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情! Since the 1970s many new applications _(find) for me. 自20世纪70年代以来, 我又被开发出了很多新的用途。I_ also _(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help wit
3、h medical operations. 我还被放在机器人里面, 被用来制作移动手机, 并且用来帮助做医疗手术。,have been told,have been found,have,been put,【语法精点】 一、基础点拨 1. 现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式：,The first subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started. (肯定式) 第一条横穿长江的地铁已经开工。 When and where to have our holiday hasnt been decided yet. (否定式) 我们还没决定何时去何地度假。
4、 Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished? (一般疑问式) 水下隧道的建造已完工了吗?,What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and heavy snowfall in the past two days? (特殊疑问式) 在过去的两天里, 甘肃省的什么地方受到大风和大雪侵袭?,【名师点津】(1)since then/since+从句, so far, by now, up to now, recently, lately, alrea
5、dy, yet, in/during the past/last+一段时间等, 常用于现在完成时的句子中。(2)ever, never, already, yet等副词, 用于现在完成时的被动语态时, 放在has或have之后。,2. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法：(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂性动词时, 可与already或yet连用, 但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。The work has already been completed. 这项工作已完成。,(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在, 并有可能持续下去, 常与
6、for或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于How long. . . ? 句型中。 My car has been repaired for two days. 我的车已被修理了两天。 The house has been painted since the family moved out. 自从这一家人搬出, 这座房子已被粉刷。,(3)用在时间或条件等状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作, 即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 A new plan will be made after this one has been finished. 这项计划完成后才能制订新计划
7、。 If the shopping has been done, lets have a rest. 如果买完了东西, 让我们休息一下吧。,二、难点突破 1. 现在完成时的被动语态的助动词, 即have/has和been缺一不可。 No news has been heard about him since he left his hometown. 自从他离开家乡, 就没有关于他的任何消息传来。,2. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系, 而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。 The construction of the m
8、arket was finished(只说明过去)last year, and the new market has been put(对现在有影响)into use since then. 市场建设工作去年完工; 自那时起新建市场已被投入使用。,3. 非延续性动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思, 则要改换动词或时态。 这项工程启动有多久了? How long has the project been started? (误) How lo
9、ng ago was the project started? (正) How long has the project been on? (正),【名师点津】这类动词的否定形式表示动作的持续过程, 具有延续性, 因此可以与for构成的表时间的短语和since构成的表时间的短语或句子连用。,No books has been borrowed from the library since he accepted the work. 自从他接受这份工作, 他没有再从图书馆借过书。,4. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体, 在被动语态中要保持其完整性, 其中的介词或副词不可省略。 Those left
10、-behind children have been taken good care of in the local kindergarten. 那些留守儿童在当地幼儿园已得到很好的照顾。,【高考体验】现在完成时的被动语态的选择技巧: 1. 分析句式结构, 明确句子所要表达的意义。2. 明确句中的时间的参考点, 确定所需时态。3. 明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系, 并明确动作是否能延续。4. 确定正确的时态及语态。,1. (2013北京高考)Shakespeares play Hamletinto at least ten different films over the p
11、ast years. A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been made D. would be made解题关键: 明确与时间状语over the past years连用的时态。思路分析: 选C。考查时态和语态。句意: 莎士比亚的哈姆雷特在过去几年里被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用, 且主语与make之间是被动关系, 故用现在完成时的被动形式。,2. (2012天津高考)The letters for the bosson his desk but he didnt read them unti
12、l three days later. A. were putB. was putC. put D. has put解题关键: 注意but分句中的时态及谓语动词put与主语the letters之间的关系。思路分析: 选A。考查时态、语态。句意: 写给老板的那些信件放在他的桌子上了, 但直到三天之后他才看。根据句意可知题干叙述的是过去的事情, 并且主语the letters与put之间存在动宾关系, 所以要用一般过去时的被动语态, 即选A。,3. (2012北京高考)Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately n
13、o one. A. hurt B. was hurtC. has hurt D. had been hurt解题关键: 注意第一句中谓语“have heard”提示的时态。思路分析: 选B。考查时态、语态。句意: 你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗? 是的, 幸运的是, 没有人受伤。谓语动词hurt和主语no one之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态; 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。,【易错误区】选项D。had been hurt是过去完成时, 表示“过去的过去”, 即此时态的时间参考点应为过去时态。而此题中的时间参考点为现在时。,4. (2011天津高考)In the last few
14、 years thousands of filmsall over the world. A. have produced B. have been producedC. are producing D. are being produced解题关键: 句中时间状语“in the last few years”为现在完成时的标志, 且动词“produce”为及物动词。思路分析: 选B。考查时态、语态。句意: 在过去的几年里, 全世界制作了成千上万部电影。由“In the last few years在过去的几年里”决定谓语应用现在完成时, 且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系, 故选B。,5. (2
15、010福建高考)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs theybefore leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promisedC. have promised D. have been promised解题关键: 由时间状语“every year”及before含义确定时态。思路分析: 选D。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 为了得到离开家乡前曾被承诺的挣钱的工作, 每年大量的农民涌入深圳。they have been promis
16、ed是现在完成时的被动语态, 表示过去发生的事情对现在还有影响。,6. (2009全国卷)His sister left home in 1998, andsince. A had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of解题关键: since意为“自从以来”为现在完成时的标志。思路分析: 选B。考查时态和语态。由语境“1998年以来一直没有音信”可知, 此处应用现在完成时, 且句子主语与动词hear of之间为被动关系, 故选B。,【易错误区】选项D。has not hea
17、rd of为现在完成时态的否定形式的主动语态。而hear of为及物动词短语, 所以其与主语应为被动关系。,. 用所给词或短语的适当形式填空1. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _(mark). 2. In recent years many football clubs _(run) as business to make a profit. 3. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I _(tell) that the cloth washes well. 4
18、. The flight to Shanghai _(put off) until tomorrow due to the heavy snow.,has been marked,have been run,have been told,has been put off,5. A lot of damage _(cause) by a snowstorm which hit the north of the country last night. 6. I like these songs very much which _(teach) recently on the radio. 7. W
19、hen and where our professor will give us a lecture _(decide) yet. 8. A notice _(put up) on the wall to inform us of the date of the get-together.,has been caused,have been taught,hasnt been decided,has been put up,. 完成句子1. The desks _for days. (clean)这些桌子已有几天没擦了。2. The letters _yet. (type)这些信件还没有打印出
20、来。3. Ten cars _in the past one year. (sell)在过去的一年里十辆车已被卖了。4. A gift _when she came back from her trip. (bring)当她旅行回来时, 给我带来了礼物。,have not been cleaned,havent been typed,have been sold,has been brought to me,5. Since he _her, youd better not bother him any more. (ask)既然他已被要求去帮她, 你最好不要再打扰他了。6. In order
21、 to be admitted into key universities, he has _. (make)为了能被重点大学录取, 他被迫努力学习。7. Time is limited, so our time should _. (use n. )时间是有限的, 因此我们要充分利用时间。8. His novel has _. (publish)他的小说还没有出版。,has been asked to help,been made to work hard,be made full use of,not been published,9. Have all the letters _? (p
22、ost)所有的信都已经寄出去了吗? 10. How long _the battery _? (charge)电池有多久没有充电了? 11. The door _. (lock)门已经被锁上了。12. You can go home as soon as your task _. (finish)你的任务一完成就可以回家。,been posted,has,not been charged,has already been locked,has been finished,13. The house began to _, and it hasnt been built yet. (build)
23、房子是去年开始建的, 仍没有完工。14. How long ago _? (buy)这本书是多久前买的? 15. The orphans _in this school since they came to this school. (look)自从孤儿们来到这所学校, 就受到了很好的照顾。16. No books _for a month. (buy)一个月来一本书也没买过。,be built last year,was this book bought,have been well looked after,have been bought,17. The place of interes
24、t _, so he has decided to visit a new place this time. (visit)已去过这个名胜很多次, 他决定这次到一个新地方看看。18. So far all preparations for the task _. (complete)到目前为止, 这项任务所有的准备工作已完成。19. Two more gas stations _since last year. (set)自去年以来, 又建了两家燃气站。20. More patients _recently. (treat)最近有更多的病人在这家医院就医。,has been visited many times,have been completed,have been set up,have been treated in this hospital,
