1、镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室走进英语语法系列教材之（十五）（内部资料）Part 15 虚拟语气一、知识结构树状图及诠释省略和倒装其他从句状语从句名词从句其他句型WishIt is (high) time thatwould ratherif onlybut for / withoutor / or else / otherwiseIf条件句对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟错综时间虚拟虚拟语气I. 基本用法类 别用 法例 句If引导的条件从句对现在虚拟从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might + 动词原形If he were here, he w
2、ould help us.对过去虚拟从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might + have +过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.对将来虚拟从句动词：过去式/ should + 动词原形 / were +不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might + 动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.状语从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if th
3、ey had been friends for years.in case / lest/ for fear that引导的状语从句中动词用should+动词原形 Take the umbrella with you in case it should rain.名词从句wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.在It is necessary / important / strange that,等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形It is strange
4、that such a person should be our friends.在It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that 等从句中，谓语动词用(should+)动词原形It is suggested that we not change our mind.在demand, suggest, order, insist等后接的宾语从句中动词为(should+)动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind.在suggestion, order, demand等后接的表语或同位语从句中，
5、动词为(should+)动词原形His suggestion is that we not change our mind.其它句型It is time that句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形Its high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!II. 需要注意的几个问题：2.1错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即
6、条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If youd listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。22 含蓄虚拟条件句所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。2.2.1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中I would write to her, but I dont know her address.。(=If I knew her address, I wo
7、uld write to her. But) 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. (=If you had studied harder, you)你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。2.2.2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. (=If he had been born in better times, he would)如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。Failing this
8、 time, what would you do？ (=If you failed this time, what would)假若这次失败，那你怎么办？Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. (If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。2.2.3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (=If it hadnt been for your
9、help, we)如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。In different circumstances, I would have said yes. (=If circumstances had been different, I would)在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。2.2.4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. (=If any person should behave in that way, he would)任何人这样做了都会被开除。A few ho
10、urs earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. (If you had come a few hours earlier, you)要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。2.2.5. 将条件隐含在某些连词中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. (or else = if I had known he was a cheat)我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。Im really very busy, otherwi
11、se I would certainly go there with you. (otherwise = if I were not so busy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。2.2.6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. (=If anyone had seen that painting)凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。2.2.7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中You might stay here forever. (=If you wanted
12、to, you might)你可以永远待在这儿。Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. (=If you read all these papers, It would take too long) 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。23 虚拟语气的省略与倒装2.3.1 省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。I will go, shoul
13、d it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt而置于句首。 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time)2.3.2 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be若主从句主语一致
14、，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. (=If it had been repaired earlier)要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。2.3.3 省略“it+be”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. (=If it was necessary, I would)如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。二、实践练习1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a
15、note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I
16、 _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should hav
17、e beenD. hadnt been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; sho
18、uld it be7. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won t achieve B. didn t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldnt have madeD. Have y
19、ou taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up
20、. A. could B. shouldC. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. mustC. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestio
21、n that he _ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my
22、 coming late again _ them very angry. A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly. A. may hear B. will hearC. hearD. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ th
23、ey first train. A. caught B. will catchC. might catch D. shall catch21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall beC. were D. should be22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time we _ home. A. will go B.
24、would goC. have gone D. went24. I d rather that you _ home. A. wentB. have goneC. will go D. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture! A. listenB. will listen C. am listening D. had listened26. If he_ , he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not takeB. ha
25、d been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken27. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A.
26、 is B. will beC. would have been D. would be29. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give30. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have toB.
27、are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to31. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted that he _ home. A. stayed B. could stayC. has stayed D. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A. had done B. have doneC. did D. so33. Jane would never have gone to t
28、he party _ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she knownC. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money, what _ ? A. will you buy B. would you buyC. would you have bought D. will you have bought35. If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. di
29、dnt see B. havent seenC. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen36. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully37. Would you have cal
30、led her up had it been possible? Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. wasB. were C. had been D. would be38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be39. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will clo
31、se the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave40. I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I _ him.A. had telephoned B. would telephoneC. would have telephoned D. telephone41. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred _ used in eve
32、ry classroom. A. should beB. have to beC. to be D. to being42. Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. Who is Yang Liwei?What a question! It is surprising _ the first spaceman in China. A. you didnt know our national hero B. to you not to know himC. you should know nothing about D. you knew
33、 nothing about him43. What courses are you going to do next term?I dont know. But its about time _ on something. A. Id decideB. I decidedC. I decide D. Im deciding44. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature. A. is heatedB. will be heated C. would be hea
34、terD. be heated45. Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studiesB. studiedC. has studied D. had studied 46. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr. Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailedB. e-mailedC. be e-mailed D. being e-maile
35、d47. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come 48. 14. But for the help you gave me, I _ the examinations. A. would have passed B. would passC. wouldnt have passed D. wouldnt pass49. If he had not gone out in the storm, he _ alive no
36、w. A will beB. would beC. would have beenD. is50. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had knownB. would knowC. should know D. knew51. But for the party, he _ of hunger fifteen years ago. A. would have diedB. would dieC. must have diedD. must die 52. I would have come earl
37、ier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A. didnt knowB. hadnt knowC. would have knownD. havent known53. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. giveB. should giveC. be given D. would be given54. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at E
38、nglish. He speaks English as if he _ an Englishman. A. wereB. would beC. have been D. had been 55. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lostB. should loseC. might loseD. had lost 56. _ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain bee
39、n C. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been57. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all right. A. wouldbe B. would have beenC. wereD. may be58. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown
40、. A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall59. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored60. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. hasB. hadC. will have D.
41、had had61I enjoyed the movie very muchI wish I the book from which it was made Ahave read Bhad read Cshould have read Dam reading62You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier, you him Acame；Would meet Bhad come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet Dhad come；would meet63I cant stand himHe always talks as though he everything. Aknew Bknows Chas know Dhad known64His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad Awill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook65We might have failed if you us a helping hand Ahave not given Bwould not give Chad not given Ddid not give66The law requires that everyone
