1、Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,课前新知预习,.重点单词1._adj.惯用的；合乎语言习惯的2._n家庭主妇3._n罪行；犯罪,idiomatic,housewife,crime,.短语互译1._澄清是非，把事情弄得准确无误2._抢发独家新闻3._报道4._职业诀窍5._完全搞错了；完全误解6be eager to do sth._7defend oneself against._8assist sb. in doing sth._9take photos_10a series of._,get the facts straight,get a s
2、coop,cover a story,trick of the trade,get the wrong end of the stick,渴望干某事,为自己辩护,帮助某人干某事,拍照,一系列,.重点句式I did not know how to use that recorder. _.我不知道怎样用那录音机，他也不知道。,Neither did he,.把下列句子变成倒装句1Zhou Suhong seldom cries before the people.Seldom does Zhou Suhong cry before the people. 2Some young students
3、 were around the teacher.Around the teacher were some young students. 3A young man sat beside the window with a magazine in his hand.Beside the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 4The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home
4、. 5We dont realize its value until we lose our health.Not until we lose our health do we realize its value.,课堂要点探究,Crimes against the elderly are becoming more common.针对老年人的犯罪变得越来越常见。Crime is on the increase in big cities.在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。Its a crime to waste food.浪费食物是不好的行为。,重 点 词 汇,crime nC罪行；U犯罪；si
5、ng.不好的行为,criminal n罪犯adj.犯罪的，违法的；刑事的，刑法的；不道德的commit a crime犯罪,补全句子这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。The massacre was _.,a crime against humanity,I found it by accident.我很意外地发现了它。I met Jacob by accident in the cinema. 我偶然在电影院遇到了雅各布。,重 点 短 语,1by accident 偶然地，意外地,(1)by chance意外地，偶然地They met by chance on a plane.他们在飞机上不期而
6、遇。(2)by any chance万一，碰巧Would you by any chance have change for $5?你能换五美元吗？(3)meet with偶遇，碰到I met with a friend in the train yesterday.昨天我在火车上遇到一位朋友。,(4)come across偶然遇到或找到I came across my old college roommate in town today.今天我在镇上遇到了我大学的室友。(5)run into偶然遇见，偶然发现I ran into an old friend.我与一个老朋友不期而遇。注意：by
7、 chance, by any chance, meet with, come across, run into这5个短语都表示“偶然遇到或发生某事”，但by chance 和by any chance 是介词短语，在句中只能作状语。另外三个是动词短语，在句中作谓语。,单句改错He broke the beautiful bowl by the accident.去掉第二个the,(1)防御，保护，保卫(某人/某事物)When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。They had three pla
8、yers defending the goal (against attack)他们有三个队员防守球门。,2defend sb./sth.(from/against sb./sth.),(2)辩解，辩白The newspaper defended her against the accusations.报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。Youll need stronger evidence to defend your claim to the inheritance.你需要更强有力的证据才能为你的遗产继承权进行辩护。,defend, protect, guard这些动词均有“保护、保卫”之意。
9、(1)defend普通用词，指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见；含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思。She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防备看门狗咬她。,(2)protect普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；天灾、战争等较大的事情，多用against；较小的事情多用from引出。He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.他抬起胳膊挡住向他脸部打来的一拳。(3)guard普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害
10、。强调警卫，以确保安全。The dog guarded the house(against strangers)狗守护着房子(防止陌生人进入)。,(1)用恰当词语填空The soldiers duty is to defend the country _ its enemies.解析：句意：战士的职责就是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。考查介词。defend保卫，defend.against.保护使不受侵害。介词against符合语境。(2)用defend，guard或protect的适当形式完成句子The gate is _ by soldiers；you cant enter.He was wear
11、ing dark glasses to _ his eyes from the sun.We will _ our motherland to the last drop of our blood.,against,guarded,protect,defend,本句中Neither did he相当于He didnt know, either。这里是将“neither/norbe/have/助动词/情态动词另一主语”用于否定句之后，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于后者。Lily cant ride a bike, neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。He ha
12、snt finished his work, neither/nor have I.他还没完成工作，我也没完成。,难 点 解 析,I didnot know how to use that recorder. Neither did he.我不知道怎样用那录音机，他也不知道。,(1)“sobe/have/助动词/情态动词另一主语”用在肯定句后，表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于后者。Mike is good at playing basketball, so is Jack.迈克擅长打篮球，杰克也擅长。(2)若上述两种结构前的句子既有实义动词又有情态动词，或既有肯定又有否定的情况，则用It is/
13、was the same with.或So it is/was with.句型。He came late for school, but he was not punished.他上学迟到了，但未受到惩罚。So it was with me./It was the same with me.我也是。,(3)“so同一主语be/have/助动词/情态动词”则意为“某人/物的确如此”，表示同意某人的观点。Lucy works hard.露西工作很努力。So she does and so do you.她的确如此，你也是。,He didnt go swimming last week.I didn
14、t go either.(用倒装结构改写)He didnt go swimming last week，neither did I,课标语法解读,倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象。它具有强调、修饰等作用。若把助动词、情态动词放在主语前，则构成部分倒装；若把谓语动词放在主语前，则构成完全倒装。.完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有：1)There be句型：其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem(appear/happen/used)to be等表示“存在”
15、的词。,倒装,There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。 Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。,2)以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间副词开头的句子，谓语是come, go, be等动词时，并且其主语为名词时，通常使用完全倒装。Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。Then came an
16、other question.然后又一个问题被提出来了。Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。,3)表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成完全倒装，用于强调；注意，此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，且主语为名词。In the cottage lives a family of six.在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。 Near the bridge was an old cottage.在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。Next to this one is ano
17、ther grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。,4)表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首，一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。In the armchair lay a cat, half
18、asleep.一只猫躺在椅子上，半睡半醒。Standing around the teacher were her students.老师周围站着的都是她的学生。,Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。First to unfold was the map of the world.首先要打开的是世界地图。5)such位于句首。Such are the fortunes of war.这些就是战争的机会。Such were his last words.他最后的话就是这
19、些。,.部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复，常用“sobe动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”或“neither/norbe动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同”，第二个句式表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同”。,His brother is a college student, so is mine.他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。He used to have his further
20、study abroad, so did I.他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife.我的一个朋友不会说外语，他的妻子也不会。They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we.他们没在为期末考试做准备，我们也没有。,2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, litt
21、le, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until., no sooner.(than), hardly.(when), not only.(but also)。Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知，玛丽几乎难得回来看她妈妈。No
22、where will you find the answer to this question.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。,By no means are these goods satisfactory.这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night.他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。Not only was the city polluted, but the streets were crowded.不仅城市被污染，而且街道很拥挤。No sooner had I returned home from N
23、ew Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。,Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang.When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.他还未做完试卷，下课铃就响了。3)as, though引导的让步状语从句，其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。注意：as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点：表语提前，形容词最高
24、级前的the，单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。主谓结构的句子，谓语动词(原形)提前时，主语后补出相应的助动词。Successful as he is, he is not proud.尽管他取得了成功，但他并不骄傲。Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three.虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最聪明的。,Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets.尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词)Try as I might, I could not lift
25、the stone.尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。Too much as/though I like it, I cant afford it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但是我却买不起。,4)so/such.that.句型中，so/such部分放在句首，该部分须采用部分倒装。So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last.他太操劳过度以至于最后病倒了。In such a hurry did s
26、he leave that she forgot to lock the door.她匆匆离去，以至于忘记了锁门。,5)句首以were, had, should开头，省略if的虚拟语气条件句。Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。Should he come, say “Nobody in” to him.万一他来了，对他说：“公司没人。”Were I you，I would go with them.我要是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。,6)only与
27、副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次之后，他才来参加会议。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有当病得很重时，他才卧床休息。,7)频度副词及短语。如：often, always, once, many a time,
28、 now and then, every other day等位于句首时。Many a time has he given me good advice.他多次给我忠告。Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds.我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。,8)表祝愿的句子常用倒装。May our friendship last forever!愿我们的友谊长存！May your company become prosperous!祝贵公司生意兴隆！Long live the great, glorious and correct the Co
29、mmunist Party of China!伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党万岁！,9)某些感叹句也用倒装语序。Isnt it a beautiful garden!多么美丽的花园啊！Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him!你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮！,1)在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中，主语是代词时，句子不倒装。There they are.他们在那边。2)only修饰主语，句子不倒装。Only Mary knows the answer.只有玛丽知道答案。,3)表示赞同某人的看法时，用S
30、oS.do/does/did.I told you that I would come.我告诉过你我会来的。So you did.你确实说过。,4)not until后接从句时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；no sooner.than, hardly.when, not only.but also引导两个分句时，前一分句部分倒装，后一分句不倒装，这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither.nor结构中，前后两个分句均要倒装。Not only did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it.他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量，而且拒不
31、付款。Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.他刚演讲完观众便欢呼起来。,No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.她刚出门，就有个学生来访。Neither do I know her name, nor does he.我不知道她的名字，他也不知道。,巧学助记部分倒装口诀：副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。,did she realize,did,discover,had,do,will,Only,did,did,did,did,will,will,will,as/though,So,flew,as/though,could,do,stands,So,neither/nor,课堂达标验收,课 时 作 业,
