1、Period 2Learning about Language & Using Language,.单词识记1_n. a general change or development in a particular direction2_n(of people，animals or plants) the process of growing physically，mentally or emotionally；an increase in the size，amount or degree of sth3_ncondition or fact connected with an event o
2、r action4_n. the state of existing,tendency,growth,circumstance,existence,5_adj.existing or happening in many places or situations，or among many people6_vto publicly say that something should be done7_adj. having qualities that are typical of most people or things；neither very good nor very bad8_ v.
3、 to make someone feel less tired or less hot9_n. a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way10_adj. relaxed and not worried；not formal or not for a formal situation,widespread,advocate,average,refresh,commitment,casual,.短语天地1做一项课题研究_2对有影响_3起重要作用；有影响，产生差别_4容忍_5电气设备_6只要_7如果不_8等等_9机动车_10开大，拧大_
4、,do a project,have an effect on,make a difference,put up with,electrical appliances,so long as,if not,and so on,motor vehicles,turn up,.句型搜索1As Im not sure _ my project, 因为我不知道从何启动我的项目，【答案】where to start with2It _ to make things from new materials 用新原料造东西需要大量能源【答案】takes a lot of energy,3As Im not su
5、re_，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。【答案】where to start with my project4Its OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it_，turn it off.只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！【答案】if not,5. ，so，if you can，buy things _ materials.因此，如有可能，就买那些
6、用回收材料制成的物品吧。【答案】made from recycled,1widespread adj.分布广的，普通的The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.海平面上升的结果将是洪水的大面积泛滥。Foxes are becoming more widespread in urban areas.城区里的狐狸越来越多了。,单词扫描,widespreadly adv.大大地，广泛地It is widespreadly known that 很多人知道widespread damage大面积的损坏,完成句子
7、这个项目得到了公众的普遍支持。The project has received _.【答案】widespread public support地震给这个城市带来了大面积的损坏。The earthquake caused _ to the city.【答案】widespread damage,2average adj.平均的n平均数；平均标准；普通The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .温室效应给了地球表面15 的平均温度。Theres nothing special about
8、him; hes only average.他没有什么特别的，只是个很普通的人。Do you know how to work out an average?你知道如何计算平均数吗？,above/below (the) average在平均水准以上/以下on (the/an) average平均地up to (the) average达到平均的the average age/temperature/rainfall平均年龄/气温/降雨量,完成句子汤姆在学校的功课在平均水平以上，而约翰的功课在平均水平以下。Toms work at school is _，while Johns is _.【答案
9、】above the average；below the average平均而言，她每天收到五封信。_，she received five letters a day.【答案】On average,3existence n生存；存在Lowlying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.地势低洼的国家感觉他们的生存处于海平面不断上升带来的危险中。Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?你相信有鬼吗？,come into existence产生，成
10、立in existence现存的exist v存在；实际上有exist on靠生存existing adj.现行的，目前的existent adj.现有的,完成句子这座房子是现存的最古老的木制建筑。The house is the oldest wooden building _ _.【答案】in existence这些检测证实了脑瘤的存在。The tests confirm _ a brain tumour.【答案】the existence of,4commitment n承诺；交托；信奉There are many people who have a commitment like yo
11、urs 有许多人跟你有同感，The government has failed to demonstrate its commitment to the railways.政府未能证明它对铁路的支持。The government will continue to honour its commitment to pensioners.政府将一如既往地向领取养老金的人兑现承诺。,commitment to 对的拥护make a commitment (to do sth)作出承诺(做)commit vt.使同意；使承诺；vi.同意；承诺commit to (doing) sth承诺(做)，答应(
12、做)commit sb to (doing) sth使某人承诺做；使某人答应(做),翻译句子我们已经答应帮忙，就一定会做到的。【答案】Weve made a commitment to help，and we will.我不想定下具体的日期。【答案】I do not want to commit to any particular date.,5casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的Dont be casual about this.别对这种事漫不经心。The disease cant be spread by casual contact.偶然的接触不会传染该疾病。casual c
13、lothes休闲服casual labourer临时工casually adv.随便地，漫不经心地,完成句子即使偶尔看报纸商务版的人也能意识到他的影响力。Even _ readers of the business pages will be aware of his influence.【答案】casual她一边等一边漫不经心地翻看报纸。She glanced _ through newspapers as she waited.【答案】casually,6circumstance环境；情况(常用复数)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspap
14、ers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。,in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然如此in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不，放在句首
15、时主句用倒装语序。,完成句子他们在那种情况下还做得那么好，这真令人惊奇。Its amazing that they did so well _.【答案】under/in the circumstances,1on the whole总的看来；大体上；基本上On the whole，the world were satisfied with the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.总的来说，全世界人民对北京奥运会的开幕式是满意的。On the whole，the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that
16、causes great concern.总的来说，地球变暖是个引起广泛关注的现象。【温馨提示】as a whole意为“作为一个整体；总体上”。,短语释义,完成句子You have made a few mistakes in your composition but _ you have done well.【答案】on the whole,2make a difference有影响；有作为；产生差别The sea air has made a difference to her health.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。The fact that I can now organize
17、my own time makes a big difference.我现在可以安排自己的时间，这样情况就大不相同了。It makes a difference to me.它对我很重要。,在difference前可加no，some，much，any，little等作定语：make some difference有些影响/差别make no difference没有影响/差别make all the difference大不相同make little difference几乎没有影响/差别,完成句子雨对比赛的影响不大。The rain didnt _ to the games.【答案】make
18、 much difference什么时间完成任务无关紧要。When to finish the task _.【答案】makes no difference,3put up with忍受We do not have to put up with pollution.我们不必去忍受污染。We have to put up with the inconvenience.我们不得不忍受不便之处。,put away(用完之后)收好，储存备用put back拨回；推迟put down写下，记下；击败，镇压put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐，提名；将提前put off推迟，延期put on增加
19、；上演(戏剧)；穿上，戴上put out熄灭；生产；出版,完成句子作为一个家庭主妇，那个妇女要忍受许多烦恼。That woman，as a housewife，has a lot to _.【答案】put up with我再也不能容忍你的恶劣行径了！I cant _ any longer!【答案】put up with your bad behaviour,4on behalf of 代表；为了的利益Please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。He saves money on behalf of his son.他
20、为儿子存钱。in behalf of sb/in sbs behalf为帮助某人on behalf of sb/on sbs behalf代表；因为、为了某人,完成句子We collected the money _ the homeless.我们为帮助无家可归者而募捐。【答案】in behalf ofDont worry _.别为我担心。【答案】on behalf of me,1As Im not sure where to start with my project，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手
21、开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。(1)本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句，在该从句中where to start 作sure的宾语，you may have为定语从句，修饰suggestion。,句式突破,(2)本句中where to start with my project为“疑问词不定式”结构。疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成“疑问词不定式”结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语(用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out等
22、后作宾语)和表语等。,When and where to hold the meeting hasnt been decided so far.(作主语)在什么时间什么地点举行会议到现在为止还没有确定下来。I dont know what to do next.(作宾语)我不知道下一步该怎么办。The trouble is where to find so many boats.(作表语)麻烦在于到哪儿找这么多的小船。,完成句子He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.(have)【答案】to have,2It is OK
23、 to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！(1)so long as/as long as只要You may borrow my pen so long as you promise to give it back.只要你答应归还，你就可以把我的钢笔借走。As long as you are happy，it doesnt matter what you do.只要你高兴，做什么都没关系。,so long as相
24、当于as long as，还可表示“既然；由于；就来说”。so/as long as还可构成同级比较句。as long as既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句，而so long as只用于否定句。,(2)本句中if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。if后跟so或not来代替上文内容。Get up early tomorrow.If not(If you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天早起，否则你将赶不上第一班车。He may not be at home then.If so(If he is no
25、t at home)，leave him a note.那时他可能不在家，要是这样的话，给他留张便条。,if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果必要的话if any 假如有；即使有,We all know that，_carefully，the situation will get worse.(deal with)【答案】if not dealt with,3So if you are not using the lights，the TV，the computer，and so on，turn them off.因此当你不用灯、电视、电脑等等时，将它们关上。and
26、 so on用于不完全列举，相当于and so forthHe has many hobbiesgo fishing，go hiking，play table tennis and so on.他有很多业余爱好钓鱼，徒步旅行，打乒乓球等。,Its surprising to hear such a little boy count 1,2,3 and so on/forth up to 100.听到这么小的孩子从1,2,3一直数到100，真是令人惊讶。,not so 不太，不很not so very 不太or so左右，上下,翻译句子他们有权拥有自己的文化、宗教、语言等等。【答案】They h
27、ave a right to have their own culture，their own religion，their own language and so on.雇员总是在抱怨他们的工资、工作环境等等。【答案】Employees were always complaining about their wages，their working conditions and so on.,.单词拼写1Whether it rains or not makes no d_ to me.2We do not believe in the e_ of ghosts.3The fire was c
28、aused by an e_ fault.4He saw through their tricks at his g_.5What is the a_ rainfall for July?6The teachers words were a great e_ to him.,7There is no d_ that the earth goes around the sun.8Shakespeare c_the world to a stage.9The lakes being polluted，the number of people coming here has d_ sharply.1
29、0His reading is of very wide r_.【答案】1.difference2.existence3.electrical4.glance5.average6.encouragement7.doubt 8compared9.decreased10.range,.用恰当的介、副词填空1I feel that individuals cant have any effect _ air pollution.2These should get you to start _ your project.3If youre not using the lights，please tur
30、n them _.4If a person is cold，he should put _ more clothes instead of turning _ the heat.,5It takes energy to make things _ new materials.6Its the developed countries that are to blame _ producing most of the carbon dioxide.【答案】1.on2.with3.off4.on；up5.from6.for,.翻译句子1我不能想象过这样悲惨的生活他们怎么受得了。【答案】I cant
31、imagine how they could put up with leading such a miserable life.2他声明一周后辞职。【答案】He stated that he would resign in a week.3众人拾柴火焰高。【答案】Together, individuals can make a difference.,4生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。【答案】Living things need air and light as well as water.5一幢房子的销售平均需要花十周的时间才能完成。【答案】It takes an average of
32、ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.,.短语填空on the whole；result in；put up with；compared with；large quantities of；in a bad state；build up；come about；make a difference；as long as1Does it _ to you if you are not invited to attend Jims birthday party?【答案】make a difference2_ what he has had already，
33、the new stamps are not interesting.【答案】Compared with,3As his health was _，his family decided to send him to hospital.【答案】in a bad state4You had made some mistakes，but _ you have done well.【答案】on the whole5Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel _.【答案】comes about,6They _ a new，free，healthy peoples
34、 culture of science and art.【答案】are building up7“To be frank，I can hardly _ the noise you make，”shouted Tom.【答案】put up with8The fierce quarrel _ both sides breaking up from each other.【答案】resulted in,9_ you continue working in this way，you will catch up with the others soon.【答案】As long as10Every year _ steel products are turned out in our factory.【答案】large quantities of,
