1、第 1 页 共 10 页Unit 1 Making a differenceSection I 课前准备、听力、口语1. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine per- cent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。(p.1 Warming Up 右图上)(1) genius 天才，天资 U；有天才的人 C 如: Genius is needed to solve the problem. 解决这个问题需要天才。 Wuthering Heights is one of the most extrao
2、rdinary books that human genius has ever produced.呼啸山庄是人的天赋所 创造出的是非凡的作品之一。 Shakespeare was a genius. 莎士比亚是个天才。【短语】have a genius for. 在方面有天赋。如: She has a genius for mathematics. 她有数学天赋。 Your mother has a genius for managing such things. 你母亲在管理这些事情上很有天赋。(2) percent = per cent 百分之 如: Ten percent of the
3、 pupils are absent today. 今天有 10%的学生缺席。 Fifty percent of the work has been finished. 50%的工作已经完成。 I think its ninety percent probable. 我想有90%的可能。【注意】用 percent 构成的短语作主语时， 谓语动词应根据 of 后的名词确定。【拓展】per 意为“每”。如: per day 每天 / per week 每周 / per pound 每镑 / per person 每人2. It takes a very unusual mind to undert
4、ake the analy- sis of the obvious. 分析明显存在的事物要非凡的头脑。(p.1 Warming Up 左图下)(1) mind 表示“脑子，心(思)；有某类头脑的人” 时是可数名词。如: He doesnt have a particularly complex mind. 他的头脑并不特别复杂。 He is the greatest mind of our time. 他是我们这个时代最有头脑的人。 Great minds generally look at life in a way peculiar to themselves. 智者通常以他 们独特的方式
5、看待生活。(2) undertake 着手做，从事，承担(undertook, under- taken) We can undertake the work for the time being. 暂时我们可以着手做这项工作。 She herself undertook the preparation of the room. 她亲自布置房间。 He undertook the leadership of the team. 他担负起领导全队的责任。【拓展】undertake 后接动词时需用 to do 形式。如: Next he undertook to pay off Godwins d
6、ebts. 接下来他着手偿清戈德温的债务。 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应在周五前完成这份工作。【提示】undertake 也可接宾语从句，意 为“ 保证”。如: Ill undertake that all the cattle shall grow well. 我保证所有的牲畜都能长得好。(3) It takes (sb.) sth. to do 为固定句式，take 意为“花费、需要” 。如: That night it took him a long while to sleep. 那天晚上他很久没睡着。 It takes t
7、wo to make a quarrel. (Prov.) 一个巴掌拍不响。 (谚) It took unusual courage and determination to break away from his family. 与他的家庭决裂需要非凡的勇气与决心。【注意】take 前也可用具体名 词作主 语。如 : Writing books must take a great deal of time. 写书要花很多时间。 That takes some believing. 那事令人难以置信。3. You cannot teach a man anything; you can onl
8、y help him find it within himself. Nothing in life is to be fearedonly understood. 你不可能把一切都教给一个人，你只能帮助他在自己认知的范 围内去发现和了解事物。世上没有可怕的事情，只有需要了解的事情。(p.1 Warming Up 右图下)(1)句中的 to be feared 是不定式作表语，此处采用了be to do 的结构，表示“应该、必须” 之意。如: No one is to leave this building. 谁也不得离开这幢楼房。 The form is to be filled in an
9、d returned within three weeks. 请于三周内将表填好并返回。【拓展】be to do 也可表达计划或安排。如: Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。 Who is to question him? 该 由谁来问他?【提示】be to do 有时可表示“可能性” 。如 : Not a sound was to be heard. 一点儿声音也听不到。 We looked and looked, but the ring was nowhere to be found. 我们找了又找，可 这枚戒指在哪儿也
10、找不到。(2)only understood 是省略形式，补充完整则为“Therere only things to be understood“。4. The great mind was on fire for. 这位智者因而充满热情。(p.2 Listening Great mind No 2 Ex.1)on fire 本义为“着火” ，用于比喻意义为“非常激动，充满热情” 。 The house was on fire. 房子着火了。 When I saw he was on fire I knocked him down and rolled him. 看到他身上着火时，我把他推倒在
11、地，让他在地上打滚。 These students are on fire for what they are learning in the computer class. 这些学生 对计算机课上学第 2 页 共 10 页的东西充满热情。【拓展】有关 fire 的短语: catch fire 着火(表动作) / make fire 生火 / light a fire 点一把火 / open fire 开火 / play with fire 玩火 / set.on fire = set fire to.放火烧/ under fire 受到攻 击 /go through fire and wat
12、er 赴汤蹈火5. The scientists name is similar to the English word for. 这位科学家的名字和英语单词相似。(p.2 Listening Great mind No 2 Ex.2)for 在本句中表示“(某词)” 。如: Whats the English word for this object? 这个物体的英语单词是什么? Whats the word for “to travel“ in French? “to travel” 在法语中怎么说?【拓展】for 还可表示目的、原因、交换关系、 对于、赞成、主张 等方面的意 义。如 :
13、He would do anything for her. 他愿意为她做任何事。 She went to France for holiday. 她去法国度假了。 France is famous for its wines. 法国因其葡萄酒而 闻名。 Forgive me for keeping you waiting. 很抱歉让你等着。 I have no ear for music. 我听不懂音乐。(或：对音乐我一窍不通。) Its quite warm for February. 对于二月份来说，天气够暖和的。 Are you for the government or against
14、 it? 你是支持还是反对政府? I followed him for some distance. 我跟着他走了一段路。6. Decide who will represent each branch, then prepare your role card and let the debate begin! 确定每个学科由谁代表，然后准 备角色卡片，开始辩论! (p.2 Speaking 第 3 行)1) branch 此处意为“( 学科) 分科、分支” 。如 : English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages. 英语是日耳曼
15、语系的一个分支。 Mathematics is a branch of science. 数学是一门科学。【拓展】branch 也可意为“树枝；分支机构；分会；支流；支线” 等。如: He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上 树去，藏在树枝里。 They set up fifty branches throughout the country. 他 们在全国各地建立了50 个分店(或分会)。 The river has a lot of branches. 这条河有许多支流。【提示】branch 也可用作定语: branch
16、stores 分店; branch office 分局; branch railway 铁路支线2) debate 作动词用，意为“辩论，争论，参加辩论”，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物 动词。如 : The question of whether war can be abolished has often been debated. 战争能否废除是人们常常争论的一个问题。 They were debating about a foolish question. 他们在争论一个愚蠢的问题。【注意】debate 可用于 debate about sth. With sb. 的结构。【拓展】d
17、ebate 也可用作名词。如: After much debate Harry was chosen captain of the football team. 经过许多辩论以后，哈利被 选为足球队长 。 After a long debate the bill was passed by the House of Commons. 经过长时间的辩论以后，该议案在下 议院通过。【辨析】debate；argue；discuss；quarrel(1) debate to argue about sthusually in an effort to persuade other people 辩论的
18、目的在于说服对方。(2) argue to present reasons for or against sth.，especially clearly and in proper order 条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由。(3) discuss to talk about (sth. with sb.) from several points at view 从不同的观点出发， 讨论某事。(4) quarrel have a strong argument 争吵7. Theres no doubt that. 毫无疑问 (p.2 Useful expression)该句是固定句式，当
19、doubt 前有否定 词时，其后用 that引导同位语从句；当 doubt 前无否定词时，即主句为肯定句时，后面用 whether 引起从句。如: There was no doubt that he had been misunderstood. 毫无疑问他被误解了。 There is little doubt that he will succeed. 他肯定能成功。 There is some doubt whether he is guilty. 他是否有罪，人们还有些 怀疑。【注意】sb. has no / little / some doubt 后接从句时，用法同上。【提示】The
20、res no doubt 后接名词时，需用介 词 about或 of。如: Theres no doubt about / of his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。【链接】doubt 作动词用时，肯定句中可用whether，if，that 引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用 that。如: He doubted whether they would be able to help. 他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。 I doubt if hes honest. 我怀疑他是否诚实。 I doubt (that) he will come to the party. 我认为他未必会来参加聚会。 H
21、e never doubted that they would win the game. 他从来不怀疑他们将赢得那场比赛。Section II 阅读第 3 页 共 10 页8. Imagine this: you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world. 想像一下：你已 21 岁，是世界上一流大学里很有前途的毕业生。(p.3 Reading 第一段 第 1 行)(1) promising 是形容 词，意为“有前途的，有希望的”。如
22、: He is a promising new painter.他是位很有前途的新画家。 The weather looks promising. 天气看来有望好转。 The wheat crop looks promising. 看来小麦有望获得好收成。【链接】promise 作 动词用时，可意为“有希望，可能会(有)”，后接名词或不定式。如 : The rainbow promises fair weather. 彩虹表明将有好天气。 This year promises to be another good one for harvests. 今年看来又是个丰收年。(2) top 用作形
23、容词时意为“顶的；顶上的；最高的；头等的”。如: When he studied in Paris, he lived in a small room 0n the top floor. 在巴黎学习时，他住在顶层的一个小房间里。 We should drive at top speed in order to catch up with them. 要赶上他们 ，我 们应以最快速度行驶。 top officials 最高级官员 the top news 头条新闻9. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD I did not exp
24、ect to survive that long. 取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。(p.3 Reading 第二段 第 1 行)1) There did not seem.是 There be 句型的变体， 类似情况还有: There appeared (to be) a war between them. 他们之间似乎有场战争。 There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战前这儿有一座电影院。 Theres sure to be someone in the room. 房间里肯定有人。 There is said
25、to be a debate among the students about the new rule. 有关这项新规定据说 在学生中有一场辩论。 Once upon a time, there lived a man known by the name of Joe. 从前有一个名叫 乔的人。 There came a knock at the door. 传来敲门声。 In front of the school gate there stands an old tree. 校门前有一棵老树。 There remains only twenty-eight pounds. 只剩 28 英
26、镑。2) Theres no point in doing sth. 表示 “做某事没有作用或意义” 。如: Theres no point in arguing further. 继续争执下去没有意义。 Theres very little point in protesting. It wont help much. 抗议没有什么用，于事无补。【拓展】point 意为“作用，用 处，道理，意义” 。如 : Whats the point in telling her again? 再告诉她有什么用呢? I didnt see any point in his speech. 我看不出他的演
27、讲有什么意义。【短语】come to the point 谈正题，谈主要问题; beside / off the point 不切正题，无关 紧要; in point of fact 实际上，事实 上; to the point 中肯，切题3) work on 意为“继续工作” ，也可表示“ 从事于”。如: Theyll work on till sunset. 他 们将继续工作，直到日落。 Hes working on a new novel. 他正在写一本新的小说。【拓展】work 也可意 为“影响，激起、努力说服”。如: This medicine will work on the af
28、fected part. 这药能对患部起作用。 Shell work on him to make him change his mind. 她将努力说明他改变主意。4) survive 的用法回 顾(1) vi. 活下来( 没死掉 ) 如: Of those wounded in the battle, only three survived. 战斗中受 伤的人中只有 3 个活下来。 Some animals can survive in the desert on very little water. 有些 动物靠很少的水就能在沙漠上存活下来。(2) vt. (经过 )活下来，幸存 Did
29、 anyone survive the earthquake? 有人在地震中活下来了 吗? Few birds managed to survive the winter last year. 去年冬天几乎没有鸟儿幸存下来。(3) vt. 比 活得长 The man survived his sister by three years. 那个人比他姐姐多活了 3 年。 He is survived by his wife and two sons. 他死了，他的妻子和两个儿子还活着。5)that long 中的 that 相当于 so，但语气比 so 强，译为“那么，如此”。如： He was
30、 that weak he could hardly stand. 他那么虚弱，几乎站不住。 I like him but not that much. 我喜欢 他但并不那么喜欢。【链接】this 也有类似用法， 译为“ 这么， 这样” 。如 : The table is about this big. 桌子大约这么大。 We have walked this far without stopping. 我们一直不停地走了这么远。10. Yet two years had gone by and 1 was not that much worse. 然而两年过去了，我并没有那么糟糕。(p.3
31、Reading 第二段 第 2 行)go by 此处表示 “(时间)过去”，相当于 pass。如: 第 4 页 共 10 页Time went by slowly. 时间慢慢地消逝。 Many years have gone by since we first met. 我们初次见面迄今已有好多年了。【拓展】 go by 也可表示“从旁边经过”“( 时机等) 轻易放过” “依照，遵循” “凭判断”。如: The parade went by us. 游行队伍从我们旁边走过 。 Dont let this opportunity go by. 不要放过这一机会。 You should go by
32、 the rules. 你应该 照章办事。 To go by appearance, I would say an is well. 从表面看，我觉得一切都很好。11. In fact, things were going rather well for me and I had got engaged to a very nice girl, Jane Wilde. 事实上，对我来说事情很顺利，我与一个非常漂亮的女孩 简 怀尔德订了婚。 (p.3 Reading 第二段 第 3 行)1) go well 意为“ 进展顺利”，go 是不及物动词，需用副词修饰。如: The meeting we
33、nt badly. 会议进展情况很糟糕。 For the first winter things went smoothly enough. 第一个冬天，情况 还算顺 利。 - How is everything going? - Very well. 各种情况进展如何? 很好。【比较】go 也可用作系动词，意为“变得(如何)”，后接形容词作表语，表示情况的 变化并非人 们所期望的。如: He has gone mad. 他疯 了。 Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 热天鱼很快就坏了。 She went pale at the news. 听到那个消息，她的
34、 脸白了。 Something has gone wrong with the machine. 机器出毛病了。2) engage 的用法(1)使订婚 engage sb. to sb. 使某人与某人订婚; be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚( 表状态); get engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表动作) John is engaged to Mary. 约翰与玛丽订了婚。 He returned home to learn that his daughter had just got engaged. 他回到家才知道他女儿 刚刚订了婚。【注意】engage 与 marr
35、y 的用法相同。(2) 约定；雇用；使从事 (engage oneself) She engaged herself to do the work. 她自愿承担这项工作。 She decided to engage a nurse to look after her baby. 她决定雇一个保姆照料她的婴儿。 - Can you come 0n Monday?- No, Im engaged. 你星期一能来吗? 不能，我有事。 The line is engaged. 占线。【注意】be engaged in sth. / doing sth. 忙于(做) 某事12. Instead of g
36、iving up，Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 霍金没有放弃，他继续从事研究，拿到了博士学位并娶了那位姑娘。他也没有让病魔阻止他过上他一直梦想的生活。(p.3 Reading 第三段 第 1 行)(1) Nor did he是倒装句，表示否定意 义的状语或表语等位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装 结构。如 : Never d
37、id I dream of seeing him in America. 我真没想到会在美国见到他。 The first one wasnt good, and neither was the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。 Never before have so many people come to see him. 以前从没有这么多人来看望他。 Nowhere could I see him. 我到处都找不到他。 Not a single word did she say. 她一言未发。 By no means should we look down upon the pe
38、ople who are inferior to us. 我们决不应该瞧来起那些地位比我 们低的人。 Seldom does he quarrel with others. 他很少与别人争吵。(2) live the kind of life he had always dreamt of 中 life后是省去了关系代词 that / which 的定语从句，live alife 是 live 后接同源宾语的用法，其他如 die，sleep等也有此种用法。如: He died a brave death. 他英勇就义。 We slept a sound sleep. 我们睡得很香甜。 Go t
39、o bed and dream a good dream. 上床做个好梦吧。13. Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Band and black holes. 霍金在 20 世纪 70年代初成名，那时 他和美国的罗杰 彭罗斯做出了有关大爆炸与黑洞的新发现。(p.3 Reading 第四段 第 1 行)make 可与很多名词构成固定搭配。如: make a study of. 研究; make a clea
40、r explanation 做出清楚的解释; make a search for. 寻找; make a change 改变; make a suggestion 提出建议; make a new start 进行新的开始; make a choice 选择; make a decision 决定; make an answer 回答 (=make a reply); make a speech 演讲; make a mistake 出错; make an apology 道歉 ; make a trip 旅行; make preparations 准备; make repairs 修理; m
41、ake tea 泡茶; make the bed(s) 铺床14. Since then, Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe. 从那时起，霍金继续寻求有关宇宙特性的问题的答案。(p.3 Reading 第四段 第 2 行)seek (sought，sought) vt. on the other，you are rude to the whole family. What really is your attitude to them? 一方面你接受她的礼物，另
42、一方面你对她全家又那么粗鲁。你对他们 到底是什么态度? He is very clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes. 他很聪 明，但另一方面，他出错很多。【注意】单独使用 on the other hand 时，hand 不能省略，与 on the one hand 连用时，可以省略 hand。(2) Hawking writes 在句中看作插入语。如 : George showed me to the guest-room which, he said，was rarely used. 乔治把我带到客房，他说那个房间很少使
43、用。 They also hoped to find a new continent which they thought existed in the Indian or Pacific Ocean. 他们还希望找到他们认为存在于印度洋或太平洋的一个新大陆。 I managed to hide my surprise when I answered, because Klieg，you see, was my aunts pet dog. 我回答这第 6 页 共 10 页个问题时，设法掩盖了我的惊异，因为，你知道，克莱格是我姑妈的爱犬。(3) turn out (to be). 意为“ 结果
44、(是)” “证明 (是)”“原来(是)”，后接名 词或形容词作表语。如 : Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day. 尽管今天早上像是要下雨，但结果天晴了。 The examination turned out (to be) easy. 原来考试并不难。 Lets see how the weather turns out. 我们看一下天气会是什么情况。【注意】以上 turn out 的用法与 prove 相同。【拓展】turn out 可用于 It turns out that.
45、结构。如: It turns out that this method does not work well. 结果是这种方法不太管用。 It turned out that he was not an officer. 原来他不是军官。18. First, they carefully observe what they are interested in. 首先，他们仔细地观察自己感兴趣的东西。(p.4 Reading 第二段 第 2 行)observe vt. 观察；察觉到；遵守；庆祝 He often observes the behaviour of birds. 他经常观察鸟类的行
46、为。 The policeman observed the man open the window. 警察看到那个人打开窗户。 He observed that it had turned cloudy. 他发觉 天已转阴。 Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? 那个国家的人过圣诞节吗? Anyone who comes here must observe the rules. 来的人都必须遵守规定。【注意】observe 当“察觉到” 讲时，后接不定式作宾补不带 to，如例 。【辨析】observe；watch(1) 当“ 观察”讲时
47、，observe 相当于 watch carefully，尤其用于实验或研究等场合。(2) observe 可意为“察觉到”(see and notice)，watch 意为“盯 着看 ”(keep ones eyes fixed on)。(3) watch 可意为“观看( 比赛、电视、电影) 等”，observe 没有此意。(4)watch 还有“照料”之意，相当于 take care of，也可意为“ 当心 ”，相当于 be careful with，pay attention to，observe 没有此意。 She has observed the stars an her life.
48、 她一生都在观察星星。 They were observed entering the bank at 8:32. 他们被看到在 8:32 进了银行。 They watched the games while sitting under the trees. 他们坐在树下看比赛。 She watched the train until it disappeared from sight. 她一直看着火车消失在视线之外。 Ill watch the baby while you are away. 你不在时由我照料婴儿。 Youd better watch Smith; I think he is a thief. 你最好当心史密斯，我想他是个贼 。 Watch that the milk doesnt boil over. 注意 别让牛奶煮溢了。 Watch what I do，then do the same. 好好看我怎么做，然后照着做。19. The scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen科学家要检验该理论，看它是否跟他们所讲的东西一致(p.4 Reading 第二段 第 3 行)
