1、目 录2 0 1 1 年 浙 江 师 范 大 学 3 5 7 英 语 翻 译 基 础考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 2 年 浙 江 师 范 大 学 3 5 7 英 语 翻 译 基 础考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 3 年 浙 江 师 范 大 学 3 5 7 英 语 翻 译 基 础考 研 真 题 及 详 解2 0 1 1年浙江师范大学3 5 7英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Tran slate th e fo llo win g terms in to Ch in ese. (1 5 p o in ts, 1 p o in t each )1Bab el【答案】巴别塔2in tra
2、lin g u al tran slatio n【答案】语际翻译3eq u iv alen ce【答案】对等4p atro n ag e【答案】赞助人5p o ly sy stem【答案】多元系统6simu ltan eo u s in terp retin g【答案】同声传译7u n tran slatab ility【答案】不可译性8d o mesticatin g strateg y【答案】归化策略9tran slatio n n o rms【答案】翻译规范1 0Lawren ce Ven u ti【答案】劳伦斯韦努蒂1 1p seu d o tran slatio n【答案】伪译1 2
3、SL tex ts【答案】原文本1 3p rescrip tiv e ap p ro ach【答案】规定性方法1 4sk o p o s th eo ry【答案】目的论1 5d eco n stru ctio n【答案】解构II. Tran slate th e fo llo win g terms in to En g lish . (1 5 p o in ts, 1 p o in t each )1可接受性【答案】accep tab ility2改编【答案】ad ap tio n3回译【答案】b ack -tran slatio n4计算机辅助翻译更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号
4、/小程序：顺通考试资料【答案】CAT(Co mp u ter Aid ed Tran slatio n )5异化【答案】fo reig n izatio n6语义翻译【答案】seman tic tran slatio n7社群传译【答案】co mmu n ity in terp retin g8文化转向【答案】cu ltu ral tu rn9国际译联【答案】FIT(In tern atio n al Fed eratio n o f Tran slato rs)1 0功能对等【答案】fu n ctio n al eq u iv alen ce1 1不确定性【答案】u n certain ty
5、1 2联络传译【答案】co n tact in terp retatio n1 3操纵学派【答案】Man ip u latio n Sch o o l1 4显性翻译【答案】ex p licit tran slatio n1 5平行语料库【答案】p arallel co rp u sIII. Tran slate th e fo llo win g p assag e in to Ch in ese. (6 0 p o in ts)Th e Big Bu ll Mark et was d ead . Billio n s o f d o llars wo rth o f p ro fits an
6、 d p ap erp ro fits h ad d isap p eared . Th e g ro cer, th e win d o w-clean er an d th e seamstressh ad lo st th eir cap ital. In ev ery to wn th ere were families wh ich h ad su d d en lyd ro p p ed fro m sh o wy afflu en ce in to d eb t. In v esto rs wh o h ad d reamed o fretirin g to liv e o n
7、th eir fo rtu n es n o w fo u n d th emselv es b ack o n ce mo re at th ev ery b eg in n in g o f th e lo n g ro ad to rich es. Day b y d ay th e n ewsp ap ers p rin tedth e g rim rep o rt o f su icid es.Co o lid g e-Ho o v er Pro sp erity was n o t y et d ead , b u t it was d y in g . Un d er th ei
8、mp act o f sh o ck o f p an ic, a mu ltitu d e o f ills wh ich h ith erto h ad p assedu n n o ticed o r h ad b een o ffset b y sto ck -mark et o p timism b eg an to b eset th eb o d y eco n o mic, as p o iso n s seep th ro u g h th e h u man sy stem wh en a v italo rg an h as ceased to fu n ctio n n
9、 o rmally . Alth o u g h th e liq u id atio n o f n early 3b illio n d o llars o f b ro k ers lo an s co n tracted cred it, an d Reserv e Ban k s lo weredth e red isco u n t rate, an d th e way in wh ich th e larg er b an k s an d co rp o ratio n s o fth e co u n try h ad su rv iv ed th e emerg en c
10、y with o u t a sin g le failu re o f larg ep ro p o rtio n s o ffered real en co u rag emen t, n ev erth eless th e p o iso n s were th ere:o v er p ro d u ctio n o f cap ital; o v er-amb itio u s ex p an sio n o f b u sin ess co n cern s;o v erp ro d u ctio n o f co mmo d ities u n d er th e stimu
11、lu s o f in stallmen t b u y in g an db u y in g with sto ck -mark et p ro fits; th e main ten an ce o f an artificial p rice lev elfo r man y co mmo d ities; th e d ep ressed co n d itio n o f Eu ro p ean trad e. No matterh o w man y so o th say ers o f h ig h fin an ce p ro claimed th at all was w
12、ell, n omatter h o w earn estly th e p resid en t set to wo rk to rep air th e d amag e with so ftwo rd s an d Wh ite Ho u se co n feren ces, a majo r d ep ressio n was in ev itab lyu n d er way .【参考译文】大牛市崩盘了。价值数十亿美元的实际利润以及票面利润已经消失了。食品杂货商、窗户清洁工和女裁缝们都赔掉了他们的老本。每个城镇都有家庭从令人称羡的富裕一夜之间跌入债务的深渊。那些当初想着退休后靠自己的
13、财富过活的投资者现在发现他们再次回到了他们致富长路的最初起点。那些人们自杀的残酷报道每日都能见诸报端。柯立芝-胡佛繁荣时期虽然还没有结束，但也在逐渐消亡。在恐慌的冲击下，那些被人忽略的，或是被股票市场的乐观气氛所掩盖的许多弊病开始围攻主体经济，就像毒素在人体某个重要器官停止工作的时候侵蚀着人体系统。虽然近三十亿美元的经纪人贷款清算已经减少了赊账，美联储也降低了再贴现率，而且国家大型银行和企业在如此紧急的状态下得以生存并且没有一家遭受大规模的损失，这种处理方法确实鼓舞人心，但是毒素依然在那里：过度发行货币，商行野心勃勃地过度扩张，在分期付款以及用股市盈利来消费的刺激下的商品生产过剩，对许多商品人
14、为地保持价格水平以及欧洲贸易的萧条情况。无论多少高级金融预言家声明一切良好，不管总统多么热切地想要通过甜言蜜语以及白宫会议来修复创伤，重大的萧条仍然不可避免地到来。IV. Tran slate th e fo llo win g p assag e in to En g lish . (6 0 p o in ts)庐山初识，匆匆五十年矣，山城之聚，金陵之晤，犹历历如昨。别后音讯阔绝四十余年，诚属憾事。幸友谊犹存，两心相通。每遇客从远方来，道及夫人起居，更引进怀旧之情。近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。令姐孙夫人生前，极为思念夫人，每每言及夫人爱国情切，必将致大力于中国之统一。孙夫人手足情深，亟盼生前
15、能与夫人一晤；曾亲笔致函夫人，然未能如愿，终成遗憾。尝读夫人之我将再起，思感殊多。回首当年，国难方殷，夫人致力全民抗战，促成国内团结，争取国际援助，弘扬抗日民气，救助难童伤兵，厥功至伟。【参考译文】Two sco re an d ten y ears h av e elap sed sin ce o u r acq u ain tan ce at Mt. Lu sh an .Ou r g ath erin g in Ch o n g q in g , th e mo u n tain city , an d o u r meetin g in Nan jin gare still fresh
16、in my min d as if th ey to o k p lace o n ly y esterd ay . It is a d eepreg ret th at we h ad lo st co n tact with each o th er fo r fo rty o d d y ears. Yet it is ag reat co mfo rt to u s th at we still retain frien d sh ip an d mu tu al u n d erstan d in g .Ev ery time a frien d co mes fro m afar
17、an d men tio n s y o u r d aily life, I can n o th elp recallin g th e p ast. It is a g reat co mfo rt to me wh en I h ear th at y o u are ing o o d h ealth . Yo u r h o n o rab le sister Mrs. Su n missed y o u v ery mu ch d u rin gh er lifetime. Sh e o ften talk ed o f y o u r ard en t p atrio tism
18、 an d u tter d ev o tio n toth e reu n ificatio n o f Ch in a. Mrs. Su n alway s k ep t a sisterly affectio n fo r y o uan d h ad a stro n g wish to h av e a meetin g with y o u , fo r wh ich sh e wro te y o u aletter. Yet sh e failed to fu lfill h er wish , wh ich is a reg ret. I h av e th e h o n
19、o r toread y o u r b o o k I Sh all Rise Ag ain , wh ich p ro v o k ed ab u n d an t reflectio n inme. Lo o k in g b ack in th e p ast, I rememb ered th at n atio n al calamities p lag u edCh in a at th at time. Yo u mad e g reat co n trib u tio n s b y d ev o tin g y o u rself to th eWar o f Resist
20、an ce Ag ain st Jap an an d th e u n ity o f all fo rces in Ch in a, b ywo rk in g h ard fo r th e in tern atio n al assistan ce an d th e mo rale o f th e Ch in esep eo p le in fig h tin g ag ain st ag g resso rs an d b y h elp in g to rescu e th e refu g eech ild ren an d wo u n d ed so ld iers.2
21、0 1 2年浙江师范大学3 5 7英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Term tran slatio n . (To tal 1 0 p o in ts)Part A Tran slate th e fo llo win g terms in to Ch in ese. (5 p o in ts, 1 p o in t each )1Bilateral in terp retin g【答案】双边传译2Creativ e treaso n【答案】创造性叛逆3Metatex t【答案】元文本4Serv ice tran slatio n【答案】服务型翻译5Pro sp ectiv e tran sl
22、atio n【答案】前瞻式翻译Part B Tran slate th e fo llo win g terms in to En g lish . (5 p o in ts, 1 p o in t each )1见习译员【答案】train ee in terp reter2应用翻译【答案】ap p lied tran slatio n3语际翻译【答案】in tralin g u al tran slatio n4序列翻译【答案】seq u en tial tran slatio n5文本对等【答案】tex tu al eq u iv alen ceII. Sen ten ce Tran sl
23、atio n . (To tal 4 0 p o in ts)Part A Tran slate th e fo llo win g sen ten ces in to Ch in ese. (2 0 p o in ts，5 p o in tseach )1Th e relativ es o f th e missin g can still b e sp o tted at b u s statio n s o r o u tsid eRed Cro ss o ffices.【答案】失踪者的亲属仍然可以在公交车站或红十字会办公室外看到。2En erg y is n eed ed fo r t
24、h e reactio n an d it is su p p lied b y th e lig h t o f th e su n .【答案】这种反应需要能量，太阳光则能提供所需的能量。3Wh at measu res h av e b een o r are b ein g ad o p ted b y th e lo cal g o v ern men tto red u ce air p o llu tio n ?【答案】当地政府已经采取了或正在采取哪些措施来降低空气的污染程度？4Metals are d elib erately mix ed to p ro d u ce h u
25、n d red s o f n ew su b stan ceswith d esirab le q u alities n o t o th erwise av ailab le.【答案】故意把各种金属混合在一起，可以产生数百种新物质。这些物质的特性合乎人们的需要，也是一般金属所没有的。Part B Tran slate th e fo llo win g sen ten ces in to En g lish . (2 0 p o in ts，5 p o in tseach )1只有改革创新，才能促进经济社会的快速发展。【答案】On ly th ro u g h refo rm an d
26、in n o v atio n can we p ro mo te th e rap idd ev elo p men t o f eco n o my an d so ciety .2必须指出，有些问题还待澄清。【答案】It mu st b e p o in ted o u t th at so me q u estio n s h av e y et to b e clarified .3中国的陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。【答案】Ch in as lan d n atu ral reso u rces p er cap ita are lo wer th an th e wo
27、rldav erag e.4夜里可是比白天温和多了，夜的城市不管怎么说，也不像白天那么狰狞、凶恶，那么嘈杂、猥琐。【答案】Th e n ig h t was mu ch mild er th an th e d ay , an d th e city at n ig h t,h o wev er, was n o t as fierce an d fero cio u s as th at in th e d ay , n o t so n o isy an do b scen e.III. Tran slate th e fo llo win g p assag e in to Ch in
28、ese. (5 0 p o in ts)Wh at is th e n atu re o f th e scien tific attitu d e, th e attitu d e o f th e man o r wo manwh o stu d ies an d ap p lies p h y sics, b io lo g y , ch emistry , g eo lo g y , en g in eerin g ,med icin e o r an y o th er scien ce? We all k n o w th at scien ce p lay s an imp o
29、rtan tro le in th e so cieties in wh ich we liv e. Man y p eo p le b eliev e, h o wev er, th at o u rp ro g ress d ep en d s o n two d ifferen t asp ects o f scien ce. Th e first o f th ese is th eap p licatio n o f th e mach in es, p ro d u cts an d sy stems o f ap p lied k n o wled g e th atscien
30、tists an d tech n o lo g ists d ev elo p . Th ro u g h tech n o lo g y , scien ce imp ro v esth e stru ctu re o f so ciety an d h elp s man to g ain in creasin g co n tro l o v er h isen v iro n men t.Th e seco n d asp ect is th e ap p licatio n b y all memb ers o f so ciety o f th e sp ecialmeth o
31、d s o f th o u g h t an d actio n th at scien tists u se in th eir wo rk . Wh at areth ese sp ecial meth o d s o f th in k in g an d actin g ? It seems th at a su ccessfu lscien tist is fu ll o f cu rio sity h e wan ts to fin d o u t h o w an d wh y th e u n iv ersewo rk s. He u su ally d irects h i
32、s atten tio n to ward s p ro b lems wh ich h e n o ticesh av e n o satisfacto ry ex p lan atio n , an d h is cu rio sity mak es h im lo o k fo ru n d erly in g relatio n sh ip s ev en if th e d ata av ailab le seem to b e u n co n n ected .Mo reo v er, h e th in k s h e can imp ro v e th e ex istin
33、g co n d itio n s an d en jo y s try in gto so lv e th e p ro b lems wh ich th is in v o lv es.【参考译文】科学态度的本质是什么？研究和应用物理、生物、化学、地质学、工程、医学或其他科学的人的态度本质又是什么？我们都知道科学在我们所生活的社会中扮演着重要的角色。然而，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面。第一个方面是科学家和技术人员开发的机器、产品和应用知识系统的应用。通过科技，科学改善了社会结构，并帮助人们日益加强对环境的管控。第二个方面是所有社会成员应用科学家在其工作中采用的特殊思想和行
34、动方法。这些特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？一个成功的科学家似乎充满了好奇心他想知道宇宙是如何运作以及为什么会运作。他通常会把注意力引向那些他认为没有满意解释的问题，而他的好奇心促使他去寻找潜在的关系，即使现有数据之间似乎没有任何联系。此外，他认为自己可以改善现有条件，并乐于尝试着解决其中涉及的问题。IV. Tran slate th e fo llo win g p assag e in to En g lish . (5 0 p o in ts)回眸1 1 0年峥嵘岁月，五中历经几多沧桑，几多变迁。“五中人”始终自强不息，奋斗不止。初创时默默探索，低谷中苦苦坚守，中兴时步步奋进，发展中屡屡创新
35、。百十年来，五中哺育了一代代莘莘学子，培养了一批批精英干才。他们足迹遍及大江南北，直至海角天涯；他们兢兢业业，默默奉献，在自己的岗位上用心血耕耘杏坛，用智慧书写华章，用身躯搭成人梯，为祖国的繁荣昌盛做出了平凡而又卓越的贡献。忆往昔，岁月峥嵘，几多磨难；看今朝，成就卓著，屡创辉煌；望未来，豪情满怀，前途无量。我们坚信：五中在崭新的起跑线上，将高歌猛进，奋然前行。【参考译文】Lo o k in g b ack at th e memo rab le d ay s o f th e 1 1 0 y ears, th e No .5 Hig h Sch o o lh as u n d erg o n
36、e th e g lo ries an d th e fo ib les, as well as ch an g es. “Th e No .5Hig h Sch o o l p eo p le” h av e alway s b een self-imp ro v emen t, an d h av e n ev erceased to stru g g le: ex p lo rin g q u ietly at th e b eg in n in g , k eep in g h ard in th elo west p o in t, mo v in g fo rward step b
37、 y step d u rin g th e p h ase o f rev iv al, an din n o v atin g serially in th e p ro cess. In th e last h u n d red y ears, th e No .5 Hig hSch o o l h as b ro u g h t u p g en eratio n s o f stu d en ts, an d cu ltiv ated g ro u p s o felites. Th eir fo o tp rin ts co v er th e wh o le co u n tr
38、y , to th e en d o f th e earth ; th eytak e g reat p ain s with th eir wo rk , d ev o te to th e so ciety with o u t an y co mp lain t,cu ltiv ate carefu lly so h ard in Xin g Tan (th e teach in g p ro fessio n ) in th eir o wnp o sitio n s, write wo n d ers with in tellig en ce, serv e as lad d er
39、s b y th emselv es,an d mak e p lain an d o u tstan d in g co n trib u tio n s to th e p ro sp erity o f o u rco u n try .Rev iewin g th e p ast, ev en tfu l y ears h av e p assed to g eth er with a fewh ard sh ip s; Lo o k in g at th e p resen t, g reat ach iev emen ts are b ein g mad eco n stan tl
40、y . Lo o k in g in to th e fu tu re, we are fu ll o f amb itio n , with a p ro misin gfu tu re b ein g ah ead . We firmly b eliev e th at in th e n ew startin g lin e, th e No .5Hig h Sch o o l will ad v an ce rap id ly an d mo v e fo rward .2 0 1 3年浙江师范大学3 5 7英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Term tran slatio n . (T
41、o tal 3 0 p o in ts)Part A Tran slate th e fo llo win g terms in to Ch in ese. (1 5 p o in ts, 3 p o in ts each )1au d io v isu al tran slatio n【答案】视听翻译2th in k -alo u d p ro to co ls【答案】出声思维法3fo reig n isin g strateg y【答案】异化策略4co mmu n ity in terp retin g【答案】社群传译5To wer o f Bab el【答案】巴别塔Part B Tran
42、 slate th e fo llo win g terms in to En g lish , (1 5 p o in ts, 3 p o in ts each )1不可译性【答案】u n tran slab ility2描述翻译学【答案】d escrip tiv e tran slatio n stu d ies3语内翻译【答案】in tralin g u al tran slatio n4翻译规范【答案】tran slatio n n o rms5人工翻译【答案】h u man tran slatio nII. Tran slate th e fo llo win g p assag e
43、 in to Ch in ese. (6 0 p o in ts)Wh en German y an d Fran ce d isag ree, ev ery b o d y co mp lain s ab o u t p araly sis inEu ro p e. Wh en th ey ag ree, th e p ro test is ab o u t u n accep tab le d ik tats. So wh enAn g ela Merk el an d Nico las Sark o zy p u sh ed an EU su mmit in Bru ssels toap
44、 p ro v e th eir “co mp etitiv en ess p act”, wh ich calls fo r clo ser co -o rd in atio n o feco n o mic p o licies amo n g co u n tries u sin g th e eu ro , an o u tcry was o n ly to b eex p ected . Yet its v eh emen ce to o k th em ab ack .Ov er a lo n g an d b ad -temp ered lu n ch , almo st ev
45、ery o th er EU lead er railedag ain st so meth in g . Irelan d rejected th e id ea o f alig n in g EU co rp o rate tax es(o r at least th e tax b ase) as a d an g er to its lo w-tax g ro wth mo d el. Belg iu man d Lu x emb o u rg resisted calls to ab o lish th eir sy stem o f in d ex -lin k ed wag e
46、s.Th e Baltics said th ey sh o u ld n o t raise th eir p en sio n ag e as fast as westEu ro p ean s b ecau se th eir p eo p le ten d to d ie y o u n g er. Po lan d d en o u n ced p lan sfo r sep arate su mmits o f eu ro -zo n e lead ers fo r b ein g d iv isiv e. Fro m Stettin toTrieste, man y easter
47、n ers feel, a cu rtain is d escen d in g ag ain . Th is time it b earsth e sy mb o l o f th e eu ro .Mrs. Merk el an d Mr. Sark o zy sh o u ld in p art b lame th emselv es. Th eych u mmily b arg ain ed fo r week s an d th en leak ed th e p acts d etails b efo retellin g th eir co lleag u es. Th e st
48、art o f th e su mmit o n Feb ru ary 4 th was d elay edwh ile th e two co n ferred sep arately ; lu n ch was th en p o stp o n ed wh ile th eyg av e a p ress co n feren ce to ex p lain th eir p lan s. It was ev en tu ally left toHerman Van Ro mp u y , as p resid en t o f th e Eu ro p ean Co u n cil,
49、to fin dag reemen t in time fo r a sp ecial eu ro -zo n e su mmit in mid -March .【参考译文】当德国和法国不同意的时候，每个人都在埋怨欧洲的不作为。而当他们同意的时候，人们则公开抗议让人无法接受的专制统治。因此，当德国总理安格拉默克尔和法国总统尼古拉萨科齐在布鲁塞尔召开欧盟峰会来推行他们的“竞争力协定”时（这份协定呼吁在欧元区国家之间加强经济政策的协调），人们的强烈抗议是意料之中的，但是抗议的激烈程度让他们大吃一惊。在这顿持续时间长、气氛压抑的午餐上，几乎所有的欧盟领导人心里都在抱怨着些什么。爱尔兰拒绝将欧盟公司税
50、(或至少是税基)视为对其低税收增长模式构成的危险。比利时和卢森堡拒绝响应取消其与指数挂钩的工资体系的呼声。波罗的海国家说他们不应该像西欧人那样立即推迟退休年龄，因为他们国家的人往往死得早一些。波兰谴责了欧元区领导人容易引起分歧的单独峰会计划。从什切青到的里雅斯特，许多东部人都觉得，幕布又开始降下来了，这一次它是欧元的象征。默克尔和萨科齐在某种程度上应该自责。他们亲密地商谈了几周，然后在告知他们的同盟之前泄露了协议的细节。2月4日峰会的召开时间被推迟，取而代之的是两国单独商议；午餐随后也因他们召开新闻发布会来解释其计划而推迟。最终，欧洲理事会主席赫尔曼范龙佩将在3月中旬召开的欧元区特别峰会上及时
