1、继续教育学院,School of Continuing Education, Jilin University,大学英语（二）,授课教师：张绪忠,New Practical EnglishComprehensive, Book 2,Network Education CollegeJilin University,Unit 2 Emails,Focal points1. what is email?2. abbreviatioins in communication online3. email format and requirements4. email language features
2、 and email sample5. information of online growth: Online Growth Continued6. noun clauses,1. What is email ?(知识点1：什么是邮件),Email is a shorthand term meaning Electronic Mail. Email is much the same as a letter, only that it is exchanged in a different way. Email uses the SMTP protocol suite to send emai
3、l messages via mail transfer agents. The first thing you need to send and recieve emails is an email address. When you create an account with a Internet Service Provider; they usually provide customers with a free email address. If this isnt the case, then you can create an email address / account a
4、t web sites such as yahoo, hotmail.SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,protocol suite：协议组，协议套,Outlook Express是Microsoft自带的一种电子邮件，简称为OE，,Email clients(客户端) - such as Outlook Express, shown above - typically have four main fields: From:; To:; Cc:; and Subject:. The From: and To: fields are so
5、mewhat self explanatory; the Cc: field is used to send a message to muliple(多个的) additional addresses; the subject field is used to describe what is included in the body of the message.,2. abbreviations and slang (知识点2：网上缩略语),Internet slang originated in the early days of the Internet with some term
6、s predating the Internet. Internet slang is used in chat rooms, social networks, online games, video games and in the online community.Letter homophones(Homophone: a word pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning同音异义) is the popular way to creat some internet slang or abbreviations. In
7、cluded within this group are abbreviations and acronyms. An abbreviation is a shortening of a word, for example “CU” or “CYA” for “see you (see you again)”. An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and are formed from the initial components of a word(首字母缩略词). Examples of common ac
8、ronyms include LOL for laugh out loud or lots of love and BTW for by the way.,Some typical abbreviations,BS big smileNOYB none of your buisness4ever foreverTTYL talk to you laterBFN bye for nowFTTB for the time beingCWYL chat with you laterIYSS if you say soLTNS long time no see4U for youBBL be back
9、 laterGL good luckSUP Whats up?TCOY Take care of yourself,More examples for abbrevations,Q：Cute 的音译，可爱。 FT：分特，Faint的缩写，昏倒、晕厥之意。 SP：support，支持。 PK：player kill。 BRB：Be right back，马上回来。 TTYL：Talk to you later，回头再谈。 BBL：Be back later，过会儿就回。 PPL：people，人们。 PLZ：please，请，也有缩写成PLS。 RUOK：Are you OK? IOWAN2BW
10、U：I only want to be with you。 MULKeCraZ：Miss you like crazy。 IMHO：In my humble opinion。,3 email format and requirements（知识点3：邮件格式及要求）,three basic requirements for email formatclarityconciseness being correct,Use a neutral e-mail address,Your e-mail address should be a variation of your real name, no
11、t a username or nickname. Use periods, hyphens, or underscores to secure an e-mail address 1. variation: A variation on something is the same thing presented in a slightly different form. （同一事物略微的）变化形式2. hyphen:连字符, e-mail3. underscore: 下划线, E_mail4. secure: make st safe,Use a short and accurate sub
12、ject header.,Avoid saying too much in the subject header, but make sure it reflects the content of your email to a person unfamiliar with you. If possible, include a keyword that will make the email content easier to remember and/or search for in a crowded inbox. For example, “Meeting on March 12th”
13、 is specific enough that the email topic wont be mistaken for anything else 1. reflect: show The teachers attitude reflected that he had decided to give up.2. inbox: 收件箱,Use a proper salutation,Addressing the recipient by name is preferred. Use the persons title (Mr. Mrs. Ms. or Dr.) with their last
14、 name, followed by a comma or a colon. Optionally, you can precede the salutation with Dear. (but Hello. is acceptable as well). Using a last name is more formal and should be used unless you are on first-name terms with the recipient. If you dont know the name of the person youre writing to (but yo
15、u really should try and find one) use Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir or Madam followed by a colon.1. salutation: The salutation of a letter is the phrase that is used at the beginning of it, such as Dear Sir or Dear Mr Rodd.2. recipient: a persoon who receive sth接受者3. precede：go in front of sth,Introduc
16、e yourself in the first paragraph (if necessary),Also include why youre writing, and how you found that persons e-mail address, or the opportunity youre writing about.,Write the actual message,Be sure to get your point across without rambling. Try to break up the message into paragraphs by topic to
17、make your message more logical and digestible.1. rambling: being too long and very confused 杂乱无章的2. digestible: easy to understand易于理解的,Use the correct form of leave-taking.,This will depend on your level of intimacy with the recipient. Examples include: Yours sincerely,Yours cordially,Respectfully,
18、Best wishes.1. intimacy: very close personal relationship between two people 亲密关系,Sign with your full name.,If you have a job title, include that in the line after your name, and write the company name or website in the line after that.,Proofread your message for content.,Make sure you havent omitte
19、d any important details. Reading your email aloud or asking someone to proofread it is a great way to get a different perspective on what youve written.1. proofread: find and mark mistakes that need to be corrected 校对2. perspective: overview, point of view,Proofread your message for spelling and gra
20、mmar.,If your email provider（邮件提供商） doesnt already provide spelling and grammar options for you, copy and paste your email into a word processor (文字处理软件), revise it if necessary, and copy and paste it back into your email.1. revise: adjust or correct sth to make it better 修正，改正,4. email language fea
21、tures and email sample（知识点4：邮件语言特色）,Sentences often used to write an email message:1. I have got your email on.2. Thank you very much for your email in which you inform me.3. I am sorry to inform you that we are unable to provide.4. I hope you will consider my application and arrange me an interview
22、.5. I am looking forward to seeing you here in China.6. Many thanks and best wishes.,A sample of email,To: From: Subject: Possible research opportunity in your lab?Dear Professor Green Berries, My name is Cava Jefferson. I am currently a second year undergraduate student here at the University of Vi
23、rginia and I am planning to major in Biology. I have significant interest in scientific research and I am writing to inquire about a possible research opportunity in your laboratory. I read your profile on the website and I was intrigued about your field of research of vascular system（血管系统） and angi
24、ogenesis(血管生成).1. profile: A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.人物简介，传略2. intrigue: If something, especially something strange, intrigues you, it interests you and you want to know more about it. 激起兴趣,Continued,I would like to learn mor
25、e about your research labs work and if we are mutually interested。 I understand you are very busy but would it be possible to have a quick chat about research sometime soon if there is space available for research? In addition, I have an apartment lease that starts in June - therefore, I am availabl
26、e to begin training in your lab this summer. Thank you and let me know whenever you are available to meet. I would appreciate any assistance you could give me. Thank you again for your time and consideration.Sincerely,Cava Jefferson1. Lease：A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a buildi
27、ng, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money.租约，出租协议,5. information of online growth: Online Growth Continued(知识点5：课文学习),In ten years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new medium for sharing information, conducting bus
28、iness and communicating with people across the room or across the world.Every day, about 128 million Americans log into the internet to use email, receive news, access government information, conduct business, book travel reservations, and engage in other activities.1.conduct: When you conduct an ac
29、tivity or task, you organize it and carry it outI decided to conduct an experiment2.access: If you have access to something such as information or equipment, you have the opportunity or right to see it or use itEvery student has access to the school library.,Continued,American Online lnc. (AOL美国在线公司
30、) now claims more than 35 million members, up from 2 million in 1995. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay（电子港湾）, an auction site（拍卖网址）, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 583 million in the first quarter of 2006.The online world is increasingly merging with the “r
31、eal” world, influencing nearly every side of life. Email allows families and friends around the world to communicate at a low price and more frequently. 1. claim: stateHe claimed that it was all a conspiracy (阴谋)against him2. merge: combine My life merged with his.我和他的生活合而为一。美国在线公司目前宣布上网人数已从1995年的20
32、0万增加到今天的3500万。在电子港湾上所列出的拍卖物品的数量从1997年初的44万3千项猛增到2006年第一季度的5亿8千3百万项。,Continued,The internets ability to provide a constant flow of news and information has sped up an already fast pace for most Americans. It also allows them the freedom to shop and conduct other business at their own convenience. The
33、se benefits, however, have not come without a price. Wired life (在线生活) has also brought about growing concern regarding privacy and protection of identities online.And as with most innovations, those who have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the
34、Web and its respective benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide”（数字分界）.In spite of these issues, the rate of online growth does not appear to be slowing down at any time soon.1. constant: You use constant to describe something that happens all the time or is always there.Inflation is a co
35、nstant threat2. respective: Respective means relating or belonging separately to the individual peopleThey went into their respective bedrooms to pack,Continued,Whats fueling the online rush?Jonathan Palmer, an internet expert from the University of Maryland, said America Online lnc. has been a larg
36、e factor in internet growth.The companys “ability to bring together access, content and selling in a fairly user-friendly package has certainly sped up growth,” Palmer said.（该公司给用户提供集上网、内容和销售于一体的并对用户很友好的软件包的能力肯定加速了这一发展）Another factor is that links to the internet are steadily improving, with broadba
37、nd links （宽带连接）such as digital subscriber lines (DSL，数字订户线路) and cable modems（电缆调制解调器） providing speeds unimaginable in the past.This new technology, originally used by offices and larger organizations, is rapidly becoming more available to US customers In their own homes.,6. Noun clause（知识点6：名词性从句）
38、,Noun clauses refer to the clauses which are used as nouns in complex sentences. They include subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, and appositive clauses. They are usually introduced by the following conjunctions.,Conjunctions used in noun clauses,从属连词 that, whether, if；连接代词 who(eve
39、r), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever)；连接副词 when, where, why, how, how much / many /long /often 等。,Four kinds of noun clause,1. 主语从句在句中作主语Whoever is tired may rest.Why the earth moves round the sun is quite clear now.主语从句常放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语使句子更加平衡.It is reported that our footteam has been defeated ag
40、ain. 2. 宾语从句在句中作宾语I thought (that) you had read the book.We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.注意：-宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末，而用 it 做形式宾语放在前面，如：The experiment makes it clear that air has pressure.-宾语从句可作某些介词和某些作表语用的形容词的宾语，如：The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it
41、is made of.We are sure (that) it will be a success.3. 表语从句在句中作表语The reason is (that) we havent raised enough money.That is what we want to know.4. 同位语从句在句中作补充说明名词及其短语的从句I am in doubt whether I should buy or not.He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.,Exercises,1. _ makes his shop diff
42、erent is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did th
43、is morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost6. Doris success lies in
44、the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that8. Could you tell me _he is now.A. where B. what C. whom D. whether.,Contiuned,9. Why does she always ask you f
45、or help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again
46、in the afternoon.A. who B. that C. as D. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in which B. in what C. from what D. f
47、rom which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether,
