1、专题九 非谓语动词,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语、动名词作宾语考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值动名词作宾语 2015 63enjoy 学习enjoy _1分作宾语(固定搭配)2013 65want to be rich and _(买) a big house1分2012 28 turn/to turn/turning 1分不定式作主语 2015 64its not easy for me to _ friends1分怀化中考对非谓语动词的考查不多，仅限于动词不定式作宾语的情况，主要考查动词不定式作宾语的一些固定搭配，如：want to do st
2、h./remember/forget to do sth.等，并且近两年很少考查非谓语动词。但在2015年短文填词中又考查了enjoy doing sth.和动词不定式作主语的情况，也就是固定句型Its adj.for sb.to do sth.。预计2 017年怀化中考很有可能在单项选择中考查一道动词不定式作宾语的题。,怀化中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1非谓语动词的定义及句法功能(1)非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。(2)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语等成分，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承
3、担 句子中的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)眼见为实。The boy likes walking to school.(作宾语)那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作补语)不要让我们等得太久。(3)非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词按照其用法分为：动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词。按照其形式分为：to do， v.ing， v.ed。2动词不定式的用法动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。(1)作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则
4、被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，给我们照相。(2)作表语。可放在be动词之后作表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide“决定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘记”，hope“希望”，pretend“假装”，try“尽力” 。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this s
5、ummer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask“要求”，tell“告诉”，want“想要”，teach“教”，wi sh“希望”，help“帮助”，warn“警告”， invite“邀请”，encourage“鼓励”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有
6、很多事要做。(6)作状语。主要作目的状语，也可以作结果状语和原因状语。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.(目的状语)他们将去车站会见客人。Paul is too excited to say anything.(结果状语)保罗激动得说不出话来了。I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.(原因状语)听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。注意：在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。
7、如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。3常见只能跟不定式的动词tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb.
8、to do sth.建议某人做某事persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事would like sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事4动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。举例如下：stop doing sth.停止正在做的事stop to do sth.停下来
9、去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做过某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)(2)感官动词后接不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。如：I heard the girl s
10、inging in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。5动词不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。(3)Why dont you 不带to的不定式？Why not不带to的不定式？表示“为什
11、么不”如：Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？(4)had better(not)不带to的不定式。表示“最好(不)”如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thoughts behind it rather tha
12、n receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。【考点抢测】一、词语运用discuss stay remember1He lost his key.It made him _stay_ in the cold air to wait for his wifes return.2Vocabulary is very important.Therefore，youd better try different ways _to_remember_ words and expressions.3Our teacher often asks us _to
13、_discuss_ questions in groups.二、单项选择( C )4.(2016长沙中考)Janes spoken English is pretty good.Yeah，she works hard and practises_it both in and out of class.Aspoke Bto speak Cspeaking( C )5.(2016益阳中考)Mr.Lee used to_dinner in the restaurant，but now he is used to_every meal with his family at home.Ahave；eat
14、 Bhaving；eatChave；eating( C )6.(2016张家界中考)If we want_to a good college，wed better study hard.Ago Bgoing Cto go( C )7.(2016恩施中考)Why did she shout just now?The traffic was too noisy and she had to make herself_clearly.Ahear Bhearing Cheard( C )8.(2016衡阳中考)The novel is great.Its well worth_Aread Breads
15、 Creading( A )9.(2016孝感中考)When you are tired，_in the countryside is a wonderful experience.Arelaxing Brelaxed Crelax( C )10.(2016绥化中考)Its our duty_our hometown clean and beautiful.We must do something for it.Akeeping Bkeeps Cto keep( C )11.(2016常德中考)My teacher asked me_the room.Aclean Bcleans Cto cl
16、ean( A )12.(2016株洲中考)The Chinese team are working hard_honors in the 2016 Olympic Games.Ato win Bwin Cwinning( C )13.(2016乐山中考)Tom，pleas e remember_the light when you leave.Aturn off Bturning offCto turn off( C )14.(2016绵阳中考)How kind you are！You always do what you can_others.Ahelp Bhelping Cto help(
17、 C )15.(2016青海中考)The boy went to the hospital_after his mother.Alooked Blook Cto look( C )16.(2016呼和浩特中考)I t ried to make Alice_her mind but I found it difficult.Well，I saw you_that when I went past.Achanged；do Bchange；to doCchange；doing( C )17._ books in the sun is harmful for your eyesight.AReads
18、BRead CTo read( C )18.The little boy pretended_when his mother came in.Asleeping Basleep Cto be asleep( C )19.It takes me half an hour_the piano every day.Aplay Bplaying Cto play( C )20.My sister Julia would rather_newspapers than watch TV on Sundays.Areading Breads Cread( A )21.Tom，would you please
19、_the box？Its for your sister.Anot open Bdont openCnot to open( C )22.Students should learn how_the problems.Asolve Bsolving Cto solve( A )23.Im sleepy.I prefer_at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleep Cslept( A )24.Many young people took part in_trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting Bplants Cto plant( A )25.I found a letter_on the floor when I came into the classroom.Alying Blay Clie
