1、1第一讲 冠词 Part 真题变式体验12017天津高考I want to see Mr White. We have_ appointment. Im sorry, but he is not available at_moment, for the meeting hasnt ended.答案:an; the 第一个空是固定词组 have an appointment表示“有约定” ,第二个空是固定词组 at the moment “此时此刻” 。句意: 我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。对不起,他现在没空, 因为会议还没有结束。22017江苏高考Working with the medic
2、al team in Africa has brought out_best in her as_doctor.答案:the; a bring out the best in sb. “表现出某人最好的一面 ”,best 是最高级的形式,前面需要介词 the,另外第二个空填 a,表示“一个” ,泛指的含义。句意: 和医疗队一起在非洲的工作表现出了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。 32017江苏高考_ quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.答案:A 此处用 a
3、,表示泛指,意思是“一次” 。句意:到了年底,快速回顾一下你的成功与失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。42017江苏高考What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean?Its nothing. Just something off_top of my head.答案:the off the top of my head是一个固定词组,表示 “未经仔细思考地;随兴所发;即兴所想到的” 。句意:你 T恤衫上的东西是什么意思?没什么意思。只是我即兴想到的一些东西。52017天津高考Alberts birthday is on next Saturday, and
4、 Im planning_surprise party for him.Sounds like_fun. Ill bring some wine.答案:a; 不填 party 为可数名词单数且首次提到,故应填不定冠词 a,a surprise party指“一个令人惊喜的派对” ;第二空所在句表示“听起来很有趣” 。注意 fun在此是不可数名词,故前面不填冠词。62016浙江高考_ prize for the winner of the competition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.答案:The; a 第一空后的名词 prize有定语“for the wi
5、nner of the competition”修饰,表示特指,故用 the;第二空后的 holiday为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故与不定冠词 a连用。句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。72015陕西高考_ more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becomes.2答案:The; the 此处为“the比较级, the比较级”结构,故两空均填 the。82015重庆高考I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.答案:the
6、; a 第一空,句中 where引导的定语从句修饰 bank,由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行,故用定冠词;第二空,泛指一个持枪歹徒,因此用不定冠词。92015四川高考Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.答案:a 根据结构可知,此处填冠词,表泛指,故填不定冠词。102015浙江高考Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got
7、 in _ way.答案:a; the 第一空,book 是可数名词,此处表泛指,用不定冠词 a;第二空,in the way是固定词组“挡路;妨碍” 。 Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2014全国卷Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_ (be) unimaginable that i
8、t could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of_63_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days_64_even a few months. It took years of work_65_(reduce) the indust
9、rial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit car
10、d use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are_68_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be_
11、70_ (patience)61_ 62._ 63._ 64._65_ 66._ 67._ 68._69_ 70._Step 1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文。讲述的是一个城市清理工业污染的例子,说明这样一个道理:只要我们坚持不懈,我们可以完成那些看似不可能的事情。Step 2:逐题解答,确定答案。361was 考查动词的时态。根据结构可知填谓语,由首句中的谓语 was和下文中的时态用 could可知,此处时态为一般过去时。62actually 考查词性转换。根据空格位置可知,此处修饰 caught,故用副词。63the 考查冠词。根据空格后面的 most outstanding为
12、最高级可知,答案为定冠词。64or 考查连词。本句为否定句,且前后两部分为并列结构,故可知答案。65to_reduce 考查固定句式。由固定句式“It takes/took . to do .”可知,空格处应填动词不定式。66cleaner 考查形容词的比较级。下文中的 than ever为关键信息,应用形容词的比较级。67that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。由空前的名词和空后的句子可知,设空处引导的句子修饰其前面的名词 habit。即为定语从句,且从句中没有主语,先行词为 habit指物,故可知答案。68amazing 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词,应用形容词作定语,修饰物。69ch
13、anges 考查名词的复数。定冠词 the后应为名词,且根据谓语是 are及require可知答案。70patient 考查词性转换。be 动词之后应该用形容词作表语。Step 3:代入答案。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)不定冠词表泛指的用法以及 a与 an在用法上的区别;(2)定冠词表示类指和特指的用法以及一些特殊用法;(3)英语中不使用任何冠词的情况;(4)常见的几组冠词使用时易混的情况;(5)固定搭配中的零冠词、定冠词和不定冠词的使用情况。学情分析考生在冠词的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题:(1)不清楚 a与 an的用法;(2)忽视名词与冠词的联系,
14、通常在名词前不加任何冠词;(3)不能准确掌握冠词中的一些特殊情况,混淆一般用法与特殊用法;(4)不能够准确地在语境中理解特指与泛指概念。考点 1 不定冠词 a,an 的用法1不定冠词 a(n)表示“某一个” ,相当于 some/a certain,意为“一个” ,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物A young man wants to see you.4有个年轻人想见你。Ill go to a bookshop to buy a book.我要去书店买一本书。2不定冠词 a(n)用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物Many people agree that a knowledge of Englis
15、h is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,对英语的掌握是必须的。It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国家来说,主办奥运会是一件成功的事。3表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对他的学生严格要求。4用于单数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前The Whites wanted their daughter to be a m
16、usician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。注意:表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词。Zhang Feng, monitor of our class, is good at English.我们班的班长张凤擅长英语。5用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”The car moved 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时 100英里的速度行驶。注意:(1)不定冠词在句中的位置。such a/an单数可数名词;quite a/an单数可数名词;rather a/an单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有 so, as,
17、too, how等副词,不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。(2)不定冠词 a与 an的区别发音以辅音音素开头的单词前使用 a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用 an。但要注意以下两种情况:有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,该单词首字母发音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用 an,如:an hour, an honest man。有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词首字母发音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:a
18、university, a European country。典题 1 2018辽宁抚顺模拟 _ lady and her husband stepped off the train in Boston where they walked without _ appointment into the outer office of Harvards president.答案 A; an 第一个空泛指一个夫人和她的丈夫,故填 a;第二个空 appointment5的读音是以元音音素开头的,故填 an。考点 2 定冠词 the的用法1用在表示特指的人或物的名词前,尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)
19、或谈话双方都明确的人或物,也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗?婴儿在睡觉。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。We are living in an age when many things
20、can be done on the Internet.我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。注意:有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如:space 太空,nature自然,man 人类等。3用在表示计量的名词前,如:by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如:by weight/height等Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.Right, he will also
21、 get paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过 60,000美元的工作。是的,而且会按周付薪。4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。5形容词和副词最高级以及序数词前He was the first to speak against slavery.他是第一个直言反对奴隶制的人。He is the tallest one in
22、 our class.他是我们班个子最高的。注意:“an 序数词”表示“又一,再一” ;另外,不定冠词 a用于“most形容词”之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常” 。What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time, with four points from three matches.最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。Which of the twin brother
23、s is easier to get on with?The younger one.He is a most humorous man.6双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处?较小的那一个,他是一个非常幽默的人。6“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中,定冠词 the不可用形容词性物主代词替代take sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下,砸在他的头上。注意:在 be red in the face 脸红,be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸,be b
24、lind in the left eye 左眼盲 等结构中,名词前也要用 the。7定冠词与形容词连用,可以表示一类人或事物the rich富人; the wounded 伤员;the true, the good and (the) beautiful真、善、美。典题 2 2017河北衡水中学联考In his letter, he asked his father to tie a white ribbon on _ tree near his house by the side of the railway lines.答案 the 根据语境可知,此处为特指在他家房子附近的树。故填定冠词
25、the。典题 3 2018辽宁抚顺调研Green is said to be _ most restful color which has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.答案 the 根据句子空格后面的 most可知,此处考查最高级的用法。最高级前面使用定冠词 the,故填 the。考点 3 零冠词的用法1表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前,一般不加冠词Sarah looked at the finished painting with sati
26、sfaction.萨拉满意地看着那幅完工的油画。Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。注意:表示一日三餐、季节、日期等的名词前有形容词修饰时,通常使用不定冠词。I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。 3在与 by连
27、用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意 take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus例外It takes a long time to go there by train.乘火车去那花很长时间。7I will go there by bus.我会乘公共汽车去那里。4在 as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词前不加冠词Child as/though she is, she knows too much French.尽管她是一个孩子,但她知道很多法语。5系动词 turn后跟表职业的名词时,名词前不加冠词The young girl has turne
28、d writer.The young girl has become a writer.这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。6 no与 such连用时 no应放在 such之前,such 后的名词前不用冠词Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.一切都是有代价的,天下没有免费的午餐。典题 4 2017四川资阳诊断One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball on the playground when I sudde
29、nly slipped and fell over.(改错)_答案 去掉 basketball前的 the 在球类运动名称前不加任何冠词,故应去掉the。考点 4 几组易混的冠词词组Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!典题 5 2017北京房山区期中We have tried it three times; must we try it _ fourth time?答案 a 根据语境可知, “我们已经尝试三次了” ,下文表示“还要再试一次吗?”故此空表
30、示“再一,又一” ,故序数词前应填 a而不是 the。NO.1解题步骤81.根据空格位置判断是否考查冠词。2根据语境判断空格后的名词表示特指还是泛指。3结合冠词的用法及注意事项确定答案。NO.2解题技巧1在语法填空中,空格后的名词或者“形容词名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。2语法填空题中多考查冠词的基本用法,因此可以采用以下三种方法:(1)翻译法:可译作“一个(本/座/杯)”的,一般填 a/an;可译作“这,这些,那些”的,一般填 the。(2)理解法:泛指填 a/an,特指填 the。(3)观察法:若名词后有作定语的介词短语、不定式或从句,可能填 the。典题
31、1 2018湖南长沙期末Now each person was asked to randomly collect _ balloon and give it to the person whose name was written on it.答案 a 根据 randomly和语境可知,balloon 为任何一个,泛指概念,且为首次出现,故应填不定冠词 a。典题 2 2017安徽蚌埠二中月考Hokey had never seen one before so when he saw it for _ first time, he didnt understand what it was.答案
32、 the 序数词前应用定冠词 the,且 for the first time为固定词组“第一次,首次” 。典题 3 2017宁夏银川一中一模If your parents see that you have _ high sense of responsibility, theyll give you the right to do what you want to do.答案 a 空格后有“形容词名词”结构,且无形容词性物主代词等来限定,故应填冠词。have a high sense of “有很高的意识” 。在语法填空中,对冠词的考查主要在具体的语境中,一般不会很难,在改错与写作中也会用
33、到,因此在冠词的学习过程中要格外注意以下几点:(1)在具体语言环境中理解特指、泛指的概念;(2)判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词;(4)可数名词单数前必须要有限定词,其中包括冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等形式;(5)不可数名词与可数名词复数泛指时不用冠词,特指时加 the。注意:除以上注意事项外,还需在平时学习时积累含有冠词的固定短语的使用情况。9建议用时:20 分钟Part .单句语法填空12017山西太原调研Hi, John. _ Mr Smith is waiting for you at the school gate who
34、 wants to have _ word with you about his sons performance in school.答案:A; a 第一空表示某一个,相当于 a certain;第二空 have a word with sb.是固定搭配,意思是“和某人说句话,与某人交谈” 。22017北京东城区期末It is said that Mary earns eight dollars _ hour as _ babysitter.答案:an; a 第一空指每小时,且 hour的发音以元音音素开头,故用 an;第二空表示泛指,且 babysitter的发音以辅音音素开头,故用 a。
35、32018石家庄模拟_ Blacks settled down in Canada in _ early 1990s.答案:The;the “the姓氏复数”表示一家人,the Blacks “布莱克一家人” ;英语中表示“在年代”要加 the, in the 1990s “在二十世纪九十年代” 。42017武汉中学调研Nowadays, how we can take good care of _ old is becoming _ hot and serious topic.答案:the; a/one the old表示一类人,意思是“老人” ;第二空表泛指,意为“一个严肃的话题” ,可以
36、用 a/one。52017山东济宁模拟Laennec did _ same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on _ chest whether it was diseased or not.答案:the; a 第一空 the same为惯用法;第二空 a chest表示泛指概念。62018福建厦门质检Although the experiment turned out to be _ failure, we decided to try _ second time.答案:a;a 第一空为抽象名词具体化,故应填不定冠词,表示“一件失败的事” ;
37、第二空在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再一,又一” 。72017江西新余期末Finally, I accepted the offer of _ 80yearold peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.答案:an 根据语境可知,此处泛指一位 80岁的农妇,且“80”的发音以元音音素开头,故填 an。82018重庆巴蜀中学期末It really matters how he treated _ latest failure, for the examination is around _ corner.答案:the; the 第一空在最高级
38、前,且表示特指,故用 the;第二空为固定短语around the corner,意为“即将到来,即将发生” 。92017陕西渭南模拟What do you think of the grammar book?Oh, it really is _ useful reference book, which is worth reading 10_ second time.答案:a; a 第一空表示“一本有用的参考书” ,表示泛指意义,useful 的首音节为辅音,故填 a;第二空 a second表示“再一,又一” 。102018山东济南一中模拟_ small but growing numbe
39、r of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world _ cleaner, better place for us all.答案:The; a 第一个空格后面有定语 of cities and corporations,所以特指这些城市和公司的数量,故填 the;第二个空指由于这些负责任的公司和城市努力解决电子垃圾问题,所以使得世界成为一个更加清洁,更加美好的地方,强调“一个”的意义,故填a。Part .单句改错12017哈六中模拟Il
40、l be free from December 18 and will have a plenty of time to be together with you._答案:去掉 a plenty of为固定搭配,没有 a,故去掉 a,既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词。22018河北保定模拟In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday._答案:different 前加 a holiday 为可数名词单数,其前有形容词修饰,但缺少限定词。根据语境可知,此处 holiday为泛
41、指,故应在 different前加 a。32017山东威海模拟Last Sunday, it was my fathers funny day. After supper, my father went to see the film._答案:thea 根据语境可知,此处的电影是首次出现,故应用不定冠词表泛指概念。42018桂林模拟When it was my turn, I felt so shy that I didnt dare to say anything before class._答案:class 前加 the 根据语境可知,现在轮到“我”了, “我”感到如此害羞以至于“我”不敢在全班同学面前讲话。the class 表示“全班同学”的意思。52018福建福州质检Seven years ago, some reports covered a story that the worlds longest railway tunnel was under the construction in Switzerland. _答案:去掉第二个 the under construction “正在建造中” ,为固定词组,没有the。故删除第二个 the。Part .语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2018山西临汾模拟