1、1Unit 5 The power of nature.阅读理解A2018长沙一模Evidence of violent storms that destroyed a lost town known as Britains Atlantis has been uncovered. The finds were uncovered off the coast of Dunwich, Suffolka small village which in the 11th century was one of the largest towns in England.The town was hit b
2、y a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.Researchers said sediment (沉积物) gathered from the cliffs independently proved the historical record.“They were like the south coast storms of 2013, at least once a year for decades， ” Professor David Sear, of the Un
3、iversity of Southampton, said.The threeyear research on Dunwich has been funded by Touching the Tide, a 900,000 Heritage Lottery Fund plan to explore the changing Suffolk coast.A diver used ultrasound (超声波) to “illuminate” findings on the seabed, and the marshes (沼泽) and eroding cliffs were surveyed
4、.“It offers a marvelous history of climate change and coastal erosion， ” said Prof. Sear with regard to the findings.In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents.Two great storms in 1286 and 1326 resulted in the loss of its harbour and started it
5、s decline. Prof. Sear said analysis showed how people gave up on Dunwich after 1338, when another great storm choked up the port for good, and food production declined. “Sediment gathered from the cliffs， ” he said, “independently confirmed the sequences of storms recorded in the historical record.”
6、The underwater research has been carried out using acoustic (声音的) imaging technology, and has unearthed a series of buildings. We found the ruins of about four churches and weve also found ruins of what we think was a toll house. Weve also found shipwrecks (沉船), which no ones known before.A dig in 2
7、015 discovered evidence of Dunwichs prehistoric origins, as well as evidence that it was a prosperous Saxon port, prior to its rapid growth following the Norman invasion.Bill Jenman, from Touching the Tide, said， “We found loads of pottery, a lot more than weve found before, sort of High Medievalthe
8、 peak of the wealth of 2Dunwich. We know it was a fairly major town in the AngloSaxon period.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现了十一世纪英国最大的城镇之一 Dunwich 被猛烈的暴风雨摧毁的新证据。1Evidence shows that Dunwich declined in history due to_.Athe rise of sea level Bsediment from the cliffCthe Norman invasion Da series of storms
9、答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.”可知，这个小镇是被暴风雨摧毁的。2What can be learned from the text about Dunwichs present condition?AIt is completely below the sea.BIt still exists with about 120 residents.CIt is still hit by
10、 storms every year.DIt is still an important port in England.答案：B 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents.”可知，此地现在只有大约 120 名居民。故答案为 B。3From the discoveries, we can conclude that _.ADunwich was thoroughly ruined by the Norman in
11、vadersBno one believed those ships could have sunk at DunwichCDunwich was a prosperous town before its declineDno historical records about Dunwich were kept after 1338答案：C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段及最后一段最后一句可推知，在衰落之前，Dunwich 是一个繁荣的城镇。BWildfires and heat waves have been troubling the states of California and Ariz
12、ona this year. Since 2010, about 6.4 million acres have been burned on average per year. Recent studies have stated that global warming is the cause of these wildfires and higher temperatures, and that the incidence of these natural disasters is likely to increase.As temperatures increase, wildfires
13、 become more common. As this cycle progresses, climate change and wildfires both increase frequently and seriously. Forest fires are also developing at higher frequencies as a result of global warming. Firefighters use techniques like backburning to help prevent further spread of these fires, but th
14、ese measures are not always effective. Some factors that promote wildfires, such as drought and insect outbreaks, have been linked to global warming as well. Insects that kill trees and other plants make the remains more sensitive to fires, as the plant matter dries out and can more easily be burned
15、. Higher temperatures that result from climate 3change cause more water to evaporate (蒸发) from reservoirs and lakes, which can lead to drought.With global warming causing higher temperatures, the wildfire seasons of affected areas lengthen. This occurs because summer heat begins to build earlier in
16、the year, and the cooling fall season is delayed. For forests in the southwest United States, the conclusion of snows melting indicates the time when fires are able to start. Climate change has caused the melting of snow to occur earlier than it did 50 years ago by about one to four weeks.The global
17、 warming trend has hit Southern California extremely hard, and the months of January through April have been hotter this year than they have been for any others in recorded history. This has also caused a drought which has been severe or worse for the entire state. Last year, drought affected only 4
18、6 percent of California.With the results from these recent studies, global warming has been linked to an environment that promotes wildfires, by creating higher temperatures and causing drought. Californias wildfire season is juststarting, and the damages are likely to be worse as the season continu
19、es.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了全球变暖给地球的气候和环境带来的一系列灾难性影响。如导致干旱和虫灾，从而更易引发森林大火。4What does the author intend to tell in the passage?AGlobal warming causes high temperatures and wildfires.BForest fires have been bringing serious threat to the earth.CHigh temperatures make water disappear at a high speed.DCalifo
20、rnia and Arizona are faced with the extreme weather.答案：A 推理判断题。作者在文章中主要讲述了地球变暖给加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州的气候环境带来的危害，其中包括气温升高、旱灾、虫灾、山火频发等。故选 A 项。5Why are insects connected with wildfires? ABecause tons of insects exist in the forests.BBecause drought drives insects into the forests.CBecause insects leave the trees
21、 dead and dry.DBecause the bodies of insects can burn easily.答案：C 细节理解题。依据文章第三段第二句可知，昆虫啃食树木和其他植物使之死亡，遇到高温天气时，植物的枯干部分很容易自燃，引发山火。故选 C 项。6We can conclude from the passage that _.Ait is impossible to prevent wildfires from happeningBthe southern states in the USA will see the longest summerCit is necess
22、ary to raise awareness of fire preventionDCalifornia has done nothing to fight wildfires答案：C 推理判断题。依据文章后三段可知，今年野火季节延长了，且今年受影响地4区 1 到 4 月的温度比有历史记录的任何同期温度都高，这导致了干燥炎热的天气和严重干旱。最后一段最后一句也说明，形势严峻，人们应该提高防火意识。故选 C 项。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2017全国卷If anyone had told me three years ago tha
23、t I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me._1_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a
24、pioneer. _2_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless
25、, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. _3_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._4_ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot t
26、ravel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._5_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way
27、 in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was n
28、o shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由不喜欢野营到喜欢上野营的过程。作者认为每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式，呼吁大家寻找与大自然相处的方式。1D 空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处” ，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与 D 项中的“however”相呼应。2C 根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与 C 项中的 rough 相呼应。3A 根据后文转折副词 Instea
29、d 及后面的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床5和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷。故选 A。4F 根据空格后的代词 We 可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断，应选 F 项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了” 。5E 根据前后文可知，作者承认自己逐渐喜欢上了野营，并且希望大家都可以找到回归自然的方式，所以 E 项符合语境，且起到总结升华的作用。.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2018山东济宁期末Our grandparents seem to have magic powers so
30、metimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar_1_they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later. Whats the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气), _2_were added to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产) by the United Nations (UN). It is a kn
31、owledge system and social practice _3_ (form) through peoples observations of the suns annual movements and its influence on the climate. The 24 Solar Terms _4_ (come) into being during the Qin and Han _5_ (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes we
32、re _6_ (extreme) important to them. But of course, they had no satellite, Internet or weather broadcast _7_ (help) them. _8_ these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the suns movement and also_9_ (pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water a
33、nd crop growth. It is honored as Chinas _10_ (five) great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technologybased modern farming. 1_ 2._ 3._ 4._5_ 6._ 7._ 8._9_ 10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国的二十四节气在秦朝和汉朝开始形成。古时候的人们由于农业生产的
34、需要，通过研究太阳的运动和气温、水、作物生长等自然变化，成功地制定了二十四节气，现已被列入人类非物质文化遗产的名录中。1and 考查固定句型。句意：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气情况。此处为“祈使句and/or简单句”的句型，根据句意可知，前后两句之间为顺承关系，故填 and。2which 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：他们遵循被联合国列入人类非物质文化遗产名录的二十四节气。分析句子结构可知，which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the 24 Solar Terms，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故填 which。3formed 考查非谓语动词。句意：它是人们通过观察太
35、阳年复一年的周期运动及由6此造成的对气候的影响而形成的一个知识体系和社会惯例。form 和句子谓语 is 之间没有连词，故设空处为非谓语动词，且设空处和前面的名词短语 a knowledge system and social practice 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词 formed，作后置定语。4came 考查动词的时态。句意：二十四节气在秦朝和汉朝开始形成。根据句子的时间状语“during the Qin and Han _5_”可知，应用一般过去时。5dynasties 考查名词的复数。dynasty 是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，用复数形式。故填 dynasties。6ext
36、remely 考查词性转换。句意：所以天气的变化对他们来说极其重要。此处修饰形容词 important，应用副词。故填 extremely。7to help 考查非谓语动词。句意：但当然，他们没有卫星、网络和天气预报来帮他们。此处应用不定式作后置定语。故填 to help。8Despite 考查介词。句意：尽管有这些困难，他们还是通过研究太阳的运动和关注气温、水、作物生长等自然变化，成功地制定了二十四节气。设空处后为名词词组，因此需要填介词。根据句意可知，设空处表示“尽管” ，故填 Despite。9paying 考查非谓语动词。设空处和 studying 并列作 by 的宾语，应用动名词。故
37、填 paying。10. fifth 考查数词。句意：它被誉为位列造纸术、印刷术、指南针和火药之后的中国第五大发明。根据句意可知应用序数词，故填 fifth。.书面表达近日，你们班就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”进行了一次讨论。请根据以下内容，给学校英文报编辑写一篇短文：支持(大部分)：增强体质；磨炼意志；放松自我反对(少数)：单调；天气寒冷；学业繁重你的观点：注意：1.词数 100 左右(开头已写好，不计入总词数)；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogg
38、ing Activity in our school. 标准范文Recently_our_class_had_a_heated_discussion_about_the_Winter_Morning_Jogging_Activity_in_our_school. Opinions are divided on this topic.Most students are in favor of this activity. They believe that the activity in winter can not only help improve physical fitness but
39、develop a strong will. Besides, its a good way to relieve stress. On the other hand, a minority of the students are opposed to it. They think the activity is too dull. In addition, there is so much heavy schoolwork and its so cold outside that they would rather stay in the classroom to study.7As far as Im concerned, I support the activity because it benefits us greatly. The modern society requires many qualities of us, and bookworms cant keep up with the times any longer.
