1、1第十二讲词形变换类题型的几个考点一、可数名词单数变复数类1规则变化: （1）一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days 等。（2）以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes（3）以 o 结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。（4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词, 变 y 为 i 加-es, 如: city cities, storystories（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变 f 或 fe 为 v 加-es。如: leafleaves, knif
2、eknives, shelfshelves，wife wives 等。2不规则变化的名词要熟记：manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, foot feet，toothteeth, mousemice, peoplepeople, sheep sheep, ChineseChinese，JapaneseJapanese，deerdeer二、动词/名词变形容词类1在动词后加后缀-ful 如：carecareful ， useuseful; thankthankful， helphelpful; wonderwonderful ， forgetforgetful2在名词
3、后加-y如：luck lucky， cloudcloudy; windwindy， rainrainy; sun sunny, snowsnowy noise-noisy，healthhealthy23在名词后加-ly 如：friend friendly，lovelovely，daydaily4方位名词加-ern如：easteastern，west western south southern，northnorthern三、形容词加后缀变成名词1形容词加-ty 变成名词 如：safesafety，difficultdifficulty 2形容词加-th 变成名词如：truetruth，warm
4、 warmth，youngyouth 四、形容词变副词类形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。1、一般形容词词尾加-ly 变成副词，如：slow slowly ，clearclearly quick quickly， quietquietlycarefulcarefully， suddensuddenly realreally， politepolitelysafe safely， widewidely2、以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的，要变 y 为 i 加-ly如：easyeasily， happyhappily heavyheavily， luckyluckil
5、y busybusily， angryangrily; 3、以元音字母e 结尾，去 e 加-ly 如：truetruly4、以辅音字母加-le 结尾，去 e 加-y 如：terrible terribly possiblepossibly35、形容词与副词同形如：fastfast，earlyearly，highhigh， hardhard6、注意：hard 作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地” 。hardly 是否定副词，意思是“几乎不” 。五、动词变名词类1动词加-er 变成名词如：workworker farmfarmer teachteachersings
6、inger speakspeaker playplayerreadreader drivedriver writewriter riderider dancedancer runrunner winwinner cookcooker traveltraveler 2动词加-or 变成名词如：visit visitor，inventinventor，conduct conductor，act actor六、基数词变序数词类：主要掌握好 1-12 和 20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 及21、22、23 这几个序数词的形式：onefirst two second threethird
7、four fourth five fifth six sixthseven seventh eight eighth nineninthten tenth eleven eleventh twelvetwelfth4twentytwentieth thirty thirtieth forty fortiethfifty fiftieth sixty sixtieth seventy seventietheighty eightieth ninety ninetieth twenty-one twenty-first twenty-two twenty-second twenty-three t
8、wenty-third 七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类1 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly 变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加 more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting more interesting， most interestingbeautiful more beautiful， most beautifulslowly more slowly， most slowlyquickly more quickly， most quickly不规则变化：goodbetterbest wellbetterbestmanymorem
9、ost muchmoremost littlelessleast farfarther/further farthest/furthest ill worse worst bad/badly worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest2原级： asadj./adv. as （肯定） “和 一样” ，not as / soadj./adv.as （否定） “和 不一样” “ 不如” 八、人称代词变化类：熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。5单 数 复 数类别人 称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称
10、my mine our ours第二人称 your yours your yourshis hisher hers第三人称its itstheir theirs九、常见的反义词：1动词buy sell take bring remember forget die livelove hate rise fall ask answer start finish 单 数 复 数 格 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称he she it himherIt they they6miss catch pull push go come lend borrow2形容词little much short tall / long right left/wrong free busy full empty few many good bad whiteblack carefulcareless dead living cheap expensive cleandirty easy difficult wet dry same different open closed strong weak light heavy
