1、110初高中英语衔接专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s” 构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以 s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es ，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以 ce, se, ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加 s，例如：orangeoranges
2、。（4）以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies 。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以 o 结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes ，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos 。（6） 以 f 或
3、 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd 3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth ，foot
4、feet，childchildren，mousemice 。111【注意】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women 。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer ，fish 等。但当 fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词
5、有：people, police 等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes ，chopsticks ，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors ，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量
6、”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass ？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of w
7、ood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1121. 表
8、示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构，例如：a map of China，the end
9、of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers 。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹）。【演练
10、】1- Where have you been, Tim?- Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A.
11、 three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6Ther
12、e is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name1138They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boy
13、s; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child
14、 D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they
15、 in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语 , 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tid
16、y. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后114面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can tak
17、e any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语 ,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语）When will you be back? （作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never,
18、 seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等
19、。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, we
20、ll, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, 115wide 等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, gre
21、atly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多
22、数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 be 动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但 enough 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.H
23、e didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.116(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much 用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much 可以修饰动词，而
24、 very 则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready 一般用于语肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He
25、 hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso 和 neither 都可用于倒装句， 但 so 表示肯定，neither 表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两 个 人 或 事 物 的 比 较 时 （ 不 一 定 每 一 方 只 有 一 个 人 或 一 个 事 物 ） ， 用 比 较 级 。Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys
26、in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 “极,很,非常, 十分“。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3)“The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示“越. 就越.”。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越.”。 Its getting hotter and hotter. 117(5) 主语+谓语( 系动词
27、)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【演练】1There are many young trees on sides of the road.A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today.- Yes, its tha
28、n it was yesterday.A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are.A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three.A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry
29、 the heavy box.A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money.A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry.A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter
30、 . Its strong enough to skate on.A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face sh
31、owed that he was _ with me.A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?118-Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this.A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good asC. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really chea
32、p!-The _ the better. Im short of money, you see.A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible.A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more17.
33、English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name.A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.-Right. The government spoke _ that.A. highly for B. high ofC. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you
34、 will make.-We know, Miss Gao.A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the moreC. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today.A. anything important B. something importantC. important nothing D. important something【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.
35、A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B专题三：动词考点集汇，讲解和训练1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法1191) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shan
36、ghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train
37、 comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory l
38、ast year. 【注意】1) 过 去 经 常 反 复 发 生 的 动 作 ， 也 可 用 used to或 would加 动 词 原 形 来 表 达 ， 例 如 ：I used to go fishing on Sundays.2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
