1、1.虚拟语气 在条件句中的用法（1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would , should , could , might +动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条 件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。I would certainly go if I had time . （现在）If it should rain , we wouldn t go oupl各来）If I knew German , I would read the paper to you .（现在）If he were
2、here , we could ask him . （现在）（2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成 式（should , would , could , might + have + 过去分词）。If Ihad set off a little earlier , I would have caught the train.Shewould / might have come if she hadn t been so busyIf I hadn t taken your advicewouldhave made a bad mistake .If only
3、 you hadn t told him the news（3）含有虚拟语气的条件 状语从句 中，如有had , should , were这三个词的话，在 正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：Had they time （=If theyhad time ） , they would certainly come and help us .Should it be fine （=If it should be fine ） , we would go for an outing .Were I go （=If Iwere you ） , I wo
4、uld go .（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与 现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表示真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。If ithad rained last night（过去）,It would be very cold today （现在）.If Ihad taken your advice（过去）, I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）.2.条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。If he should go to Qing Hua
5、University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华 大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。I
6、f I had seen the film, I would have to ld you about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到 了李先生。3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。Were I ten years younger, I would stud
7、y abroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习亥 U苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come
8、here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
