1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷194（ 总分： 144.00 ，做题时间： 90分钟 ）一、 Use of English（ 总题数：2，分数：80.00）1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. （分数： 40.00 ）解析：The Earths daily clock, measured in a single revolution, is twenty-four hours.
2、 The human clock,【 B1】 , is actually about twenty-five hours. Thats【 B2】 scientists who study sleephave determined from human subjects who live for several weeks in observation chambers with noB4】 other surprising discoveriesB5】 eating【B7】 intoB3】 of day or night. Sleep researchers have as well. We
3、spend about one-third of our lives asleep, a fact that suggests sleeping,and breathing, is fundamental life process. Yet some people almost never sleep,getting by on as 【 B6】 as fifteen minutes a day. And more than seventy years ofsleep deprivation, in which people have been kept【 B8】 for three to t
4、en days, has yielded only one certain findings: Sleep loss makes a person sleepy and thats about all;it causes no lasting illB9】 . Too much sleep, however, may be【 B10】 for you.These findings【B11】 some long-held views of sleep, and they raise questions about itsfundamental purpose in our lives. In【B
5、12】 , scientists dont know just why sleep isnecessary. We get sleepy, and when we sleep, that sleepiness is reversed, Dr. Howard Roffwargof the University of Texas in Dallas explains. We know sleep has a function,【 B13】 wefeel it has a function. We cant put our finger on it, but it must,【 B14】 in so
6、me way,direct or indirect, have to do with rest and restitution. Other scientists think sleep is morethe result of evolutionary habit than【 B15】 actual need. Animals sleep for some partsof the day perhaps because it is the【 B16】 thing for them to do: it keeps them【 B17】 andhidden from predators; its
7、 a survival tactic. Before the advent of electricity, humanshad to spend at least some of each day in【 B18】 and had little reason to question thereason or need for【B19】 But the development of the electroencephalograph and the resultingdiscovery in 1937 of dramatic【 B20】 in brain activity between sle
8、ep and wakefulness openedthe way for scientific inquiry in the subject. （分数： 40.00 ）（1） . 【B1】 （分数： 2.00 ）A.however VB.furthermoreC.likewiseD.therefore解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。根据上下文的意思以及提示词 actually ，可以判断出本句与上句是转折关系。所以，正确答案是A。（2） .【B2】 (分数：2.00 )A.theB.what VC.becauseD.many解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。句子的谓语是is ，空格处缺的必然是一个连
9、词或关系词。 what 是关系代词，在从句中作宾语；because是连词，表示原因。根据前后句的逻辑关系，正确选项是B。在本句中，what引导的这个表语从句比较复杂。 who study sleep 是定语从句，修饰主语scientists ；定语从句 who livefor several weeks day or night 修饰先行词 human subjects 。) 2.00 】 (分数：B3【(3).A.ideaB.feelingC.sense VD.judgment解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。四个选项中可以和 with noof 搭配的只有idea 和 sense 。 ide
10、a 意为“念头，想法，主意；sense意为“由刺激产生的感觉或知觉”。根据上下文，符合句意的是 C句意是：“接受试验的人在观察 室里住几个星期，感觉不到白天和黑夜。 ”（4） . 【B4】 (分数：2.00 )A.come up againstB.come down toC.come up with VD.come up to解析：解析：本题考查短语辨析。 come up against 意为“突然或意外碰到困难或反对等” ； come down to 意为“归结为；come up with意为提出，拿出，发现；come up to意为比得上，达到。C符合句意，故为正确答案。句意 是： “睡眠
11、研究者们还提出了其他令人惊讶的发现。 ”（5） . 【B5】 (分数：2.00 )A.withB.like VC.unlike D.as解析：解析：本题考查介词用法。 空格处的介词体现的是sleeping 和 eating and breathing 的关系。 从上下文得知“睡眠是最重要的生命过程” 。根据我们的常识，吃饭、呼吸和睡眠一样重要。所以正确答案是B。（6） . 【B6】 (分数：2.00 )A.little VB.muchC.fewD.long解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。根据前文的提示almost never sleep ,我们可直接选出正确答案 A。句意是：“然而一些人几乎从
12、来不睡觉，一天只睡15 分钟就可以了。 ”（7） . 【B7】 (分数：2.00 )A.probeB.investigationC.research VD.examination解析：解析：本题考查近义词辨析。四个选项都可以和 into 搭配，都含“调查，研究，探索”的意思。 probe 是新闻用语，指广泛而彻底的调查； investigation 指详尽的调查，以弄清事实真相； research 指科学家为了发现新的事实从原始资料开始进行的调查或研究；examination强调详细观察或检验某事以求了解其真实情况。据此 C符合句意。（8） . 【B8】 (分数：2.00 )A.asleepB
13、.sleepyC.activeD.awake V解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。根据上文sleep deprivation 和下文 sleep loss 的提示，可知正确答案为D。（9） .【B9】 （分数：2.00 ）A.effects VB.affectionsC.affectsD.impacts解析：解析：本题考查习惯搭配。空格所在句的意思是： “在七十多年对睡眠丧失的研究中，让人们不睡觉，时间是从三天到十天，得出了一个肯定的结果：睡眠损失让人犯困，仅此而已；没有长期的副作用或负面影响。 ” ill effects 是 习惯搭配，意为“副作用，负面影响” 。（10） .【B10】 （分数
14、：2.00）A.usefulB.good C.bad VD.harmful解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。根据上下文和常识，可以首先排除useful 和 good； bad 后面跟名词或代词时，常见的搭配是to be bad for sb sth ； harmful 后面跟名词或代词时，常见的搭配是to beharmful to sb sth 。所以，正确答案是C。（11） .【B11】 （分数：2.00）A.challenge VB.denyC.doubtD.dispute解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。 challenge 意为“质询（某人某事的合法性、正确性） ” ； deny 意为“否
15、认；否定；拒绝相信” ； doubt 意为“怀疑，拿不准” ； dispute 意为“争论，辩论；驳斥” 。根据上下文的意思，正确答案是A。（12） .【B12】 （分数：2.00）A.addition B.fact V C.lineD.short解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。 in 与四个选项都可构成短语。 in addition 意为“又，另外” ，表示递进；in fact 意为“事实是，事实上” ，表示转折；in line 意为“成一直线，成一排” ； in short 意为“总之” ，表示总结。根据上下文的意思，正确答案是B。（13） .【B13】 （分数：2.00）A.ifB.bec
16、ause VC.likeD.provided解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。此处要求弄清“我们知道睡眠的职能”和“我们感觉到了睡眠的作用”的逻辑关系。根据上下文的意思，正确答案是B。（14） . 【B14】 (分数：2.00)A.at least VB.at mostC.at bestD.at worst解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。 at least 意为“至少” ； at most 意为“最多” ； at best 意为“充其量，至多” ； atworst 意为“在最坏最不利的情况下” 。根据常识和上下文，我们知道睡眠和休息复原是有关系的。所以，首先排除B和C。这里讨论的是睡日民与休息复原
17、的关系，不存在什么最坏最好情况的假设，所以 D也排除。正确答案是Ao句意 是： “虽然我们不能准确地指出睡眠的功用，但它肯定至少在某些方面，与休息和复原有着直接或间接的关系。 ” （15）.【B15】 （分数：2.00）A.fromB.anC.theD.of V解析： 解析： 本题考查逻辑关系。 than 前后的结构必然是平行对称的。 所以可以很容易地补全了空格前省略掉的词， 即：the result ,当然也很容易地选出正确答案 Q句意是：“其他一些科学家认为，与其说睡眠是进化习惯的结果，倒不如说是实际需要的结果。”（16） .【B16】 （分数：2.00）A.worstB.best VC.
18、onlyD.natural解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。根据下文“睡觉使它们 ,躲开食肉动物”，我们可选出正确答案B。相关部分 的意思是：“动物在一天中的某些时候睡觉，可能是因为睡觉对于它们来说是最好的事，”（17） .【B17】 （分数：2.00）A.comfortableB.calmC.quiet VD.excited解析： 解析： 本题考查上下文推理。 首先可以排除excited（ 兴奋的 ） ， 因为根据上下文和常识， 睡眠不可能使动物兴奋、激动。根据下文提示hidden from predators（ 躲开食肉动物） ， its a survival tactic（ 这是一条生存策
19、略） ，可以推断正确答案是C。（18） .【B18】 （分数：2.00）A.coldnessB.warmthC.darkness VD.shade解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。根据上文“在发明电以前”和常识，可以直接选出正确答案C相关部分的意思是：“在发明电以前，人们至少在每天的某些时候不得不生活在黑暗中。 ”（19） .【B19】 （分数：2.00）A.sleep VB.workC.foodD.clothes解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。句意是： “在发现电以前，人们至少在每天的某些时候不得不生活在黑暗中，所以 人们没什么理由去质疑的原因和需要。 ”根据上下文和常识，四个选项中最符合句意
20、的是A。（20） .【B20】 （分数：2.00 ）A.differences VB.similaritiesC.resemblance D.opposites 解析：解析：本题考查上下文推理。句意是： “但是，脑电图仪的发展，以及人们 1937 的发现大脑活动在睡眠状态 和清醒状态下存在着巨大的 ，为睡眠这一课题的科学研究开辟了道路。 ”根据上下文，四个选项中最符合句意的是A。二、 Reading Comprehension（ 总题数： 10 ，分数： 60.00）2. Section II Reading Comprehension解析：3. Part ADirections: Read
21、the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.解析：It seems that fear is the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffer
22、ing, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might
23、 soon kill tens of millions of people. Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is not surprising at all that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which
24、has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his governments inefficient response toHurricane Katrina, has promised to rush o
25、ut emergency plans for coping with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamiflu, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisati
26、on is calling for an internationally co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what measures to take. Is any of this effort justified? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to
27、 spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangero
28、us place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible. （分数： 10.00 ） （1）.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that （分数： 2.00 ）A.strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations
29、 to deal with recent disasters.B.the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastation.C.tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizon.D.reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature emerged at sunset to avoid these disasters.解析：解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文中转折词“ but ”的识
30、别和理解。本文首段第二句的大意是： “飓风、海啸、洪水、地震以及恐怖主义不仅带来了令人惊恐的摧毁景象、死亡以及痛苦，而且同时导致了人们对于缺乏避免或应对这些灾难的准备工作的强烈义愤。（but also outrage at the lack ofpreparations to avoid or cope with these disasters ） 由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是A。（2） .According to the text, American emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu （分数：2.00
31、）A.have been stipulated.B.have been enacted.C.have been abolished.D.have been delayed. V解析：解析：这是一道细节题。本文第二段的第三句是本题题干出现的位置，也是本题正确答案的信息来源。该剧中的定语从句“which have been stalled for years ” （ 被延迟了许多年） 限定修饰“ emergencyplans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu” （ 应对流感爆发的紧急计划 ） 。显而易见，本题的正确选项是D“have been
32、 delayed ” （ 一直被拖延 ） 。（3） .Which of the following remarks on our available antiviral medication would the author make? （分数：2.00）A.Effective but poisonous.B.Harmful but populous.C.Meager and not reliable. VD.Affordable and palatable.解析：解析：这是一道细节题。本题的答案信息来源在第二段的倒数第三句。该句提到了“ currentantiviral drug （ = a
33、vailable antiviral medication） 。第二段倒数第三句中的only （唯一的）表明药品贫乏（meager） ；定语从句中的情态动词“might ”（也许 ）表明药品并不是百分之百的有效。 可见本题的正确选项应该是C“meagerand not reliable ” （ 贫乏并且不是完全可靠） 。（4） .The phraseot least in the last but one sentence of the text means （分数： 2.00 ）A.at most.B.not at all.C.marginally.D.particularly. V解析：解
34、析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生的词汇量。 “ not least ”在英文中的含义是： “部分地；尤其；相当重要地” 。根据语境，在此处意思应为“尤其” ，故本题的正确选项是D“ particularly ” （ 尤其 ） 。（5） .We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph of the text that （分数： 2.00 ）A.strong and intense response derive from the mass media.VB.the attempts to be made can no longer be justi
35、fied by their intention.C.public panic would be diluted by politicians promise.D.the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat.解析：解析：这是一道细节推导题。本题的答案信息来源是尾段的尾句，因为该句提到了 “overreaction （= strong and intense response） 。尾句的含义是： “由于媒体针对即将发生的大规模死亡的大量报道，所以过激反应是大有可能的。 ”由此可以推出结论：过激反应的根源在于媒体的大肆渲染。故本题的正确
36、选项是A。It may be just as well for Oxford Universitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congregation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. That is because the
37、 vice-chancellor, the nearest thing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249; and lots of the dons and colleges dont like it. The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable.Its problems t
38、he difficulty of recruiting good dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some colleges all spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most-hated antipodean in Britis
39、h academic life, reckons he knows how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of university administrators.Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the
40、current row, they do not go far enough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance; the more fundamental problem consists in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on th
41、e lunatic fringe of radicalism, but these days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence. Oxford gets around 5,000 per undergraduate per year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge studentsonly 1,150 （rising to 3,000 next year） on top of that. Since it prob
42、ably costs at least 10,000a year to teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a deficit of 4, 000 or so per studentto cover from its own funds. It would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least if Oxforddeclared independence. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities char
43、ge around 20,000 per student per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross-subsidising. Americas top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which ke
44、eps competition hot and academic standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded. （分数： 10.00 ）（1） .It can be inferred from the text that the authors attitude toward John Hood is on
45、e of （分数： 2.00 ） A.strong disapproval.B.reserved consent. VC.enthusiastic support. D.slight contempt.解析：解析：本题是一道细节题，测试考生准确识别和理解原文重要信息内容的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的第一、二句，这两句话的大意是：“Hood先生认为大学管理结构需要大检修是正确的。但是虽然他的建议对于那些参与 争论的人士而言似乎极端，但是他的建议的力度并非足够大。 ”以推断本文作者对 John Hood 的态度是有保留的肯定， 故本题的正确选项应该是B“reserved consent ”
46、（有保留的赞同 ） 。考生在阅读时要善于识别转折词“ but ”所引导的重要信息。（2） .The third paragraph implies that （分数： 2.00 ） A.reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford.VB.an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently needed.C.the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily removed
47、. D.the current row is essential to many in polite circle.解析：解析：这是一道细节归纳推导题，测试考生对原文重点语句的理解和归纳能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的第三句至尾句，尤其是尾句。第三段暗示：牛津大学的问题就是其与政府的关系，它的独立性问题是关键存在。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是A“ reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford ” （对官方资助的依赖导致了目前牛津大学的困境 ） 。考生在阅读时要重视原文重点语句的含义，例如本文第三段的结论句 （ 尾句 ） 。（3） .The term ursaries （Paragraph 5） most probably denotes （分数： 2.00 ）A.free stationery and accommodation.B.sheltering and meals.C.preferential policies.D.scholarship or grant. V解析：解析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生对原文词语
