1、现在完成时讲解与练习题现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词 (done)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词 +其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（ have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他）二、用法1） 现在完成时的 完成用法 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说 ,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说
2、明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.( 含义是 :现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是 :现在桌子已经摆好了.)2） 现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词 。常与 for（ +时间段） ,since（ +时间点） 连用 .Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意 :1.现在完成时 不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过
3、去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning 、 afternoon),last(morning 、 afternoon) 等， 除非与 for, since 连用 .2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already （肯定） , yet （否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately 等 :He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have
4、 they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与 表示频度的时间状语 连用 ,如 ever, never, twice, several times等 :Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内
5、的时间状语连用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等 :Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.1 / 75. 现在完成时还可以用来现在完成时讲解与练习题表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.have been to和have gone to的区别have bee
6、n to强调 “去过 ”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。 （过去 “到美国 ”，现在已 “不在美国 ”）have gone to 主要强调的是“去了 ”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. - 她去医院了。has been in一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成助动词 have (has) +动词过去分词 构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates n
7、ever seen Chinese films， _ ?A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates 是 Kate has 的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. ( 改为否定句 His uncle _ posted the photos to him _.)析： already 常用在肯定句中， yet 常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 hasnt, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to S
8、hanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析： so+助 /系 /情态动词+主语 结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents 是复数 ,故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一 )当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-_you_ your homework yet?A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. D
9、id; finishD. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfedD. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet 和before可知 ,应用现在完成时，故1 题选D， 2 题选D 。(二 )当句中有for +段时间 或 since + 点时间 等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词
10、或表状态的词(短语 )。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2 / 7现在完成时讲解与练习题A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had析： A 、 B、 C 均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表 段时间 的短语连用，故选D 。3. I_a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receiv
11、eB. havent gotC. didnt haveD. havent heard析：据since 可知，应排除A 、 C， hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为 收到某人的来信，故选B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别 。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to-Yes, I have.析：据句中的
12、have，排除A ， B项意为 去某地了 ，C项意为 一直呆在某地， D项意为去过某地 ，符合题意，故选D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone to析：本题句中有for+ 段时间 结构，据此可排除C， BD. have been项意为 去过某地 ，不合题意，D 项缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与 段时间 连用时，除了把
13、非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型 Its + 段时间 +since+从句 进行句子转换。故答案为： Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there tenyears ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.( 改为同义句 )_more than ten years _Susan _to this city.析：据上题分析，且s
14、ince 引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket.A. lostB. dont loseC. have lostD. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选 C。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clea
15、n , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy,borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put
16、 on, get on/off等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（ 1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.She has been up for quite some time.（他参军已有3 年了。）不用（她起床已有好久了。 ）不用has joinedhas got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left3 / 7现在完成时讲解与练习题常用瞬间动词相
17、应持续性动词关系：1、 go be away2、 comebe here3、 come back be back4、 leave be away（be not here）5、 buy have6、 borrow keep7、 die be dead8、 begin be on9、 finish be over10、 open be open11、close be closed12、 lose be lost13、 get to know know14、 turn on be on15、 get up be up16、 sit down sit/beseated17、 join be in（ ）
18、或 be a member18、become be（ 2）用 it is since 结构来替换瞬间动词例如：电影已经开映 5 分钟了。（两种方法）（ 1）The film has been on for five minutes.（ 2） It s five minutes ncesi the film began.他离开上海已有3 天了。（两种方法）（ 1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.（ 2） It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）It s t
19、wo weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如： I haven t seen you for a long time（.好久没见到你了。 ）4 / 7现在完成时讲解与练习题现在完成时专项练习一、单项选择。1、 Both hisparents look sad. Maybe they _what happeneds to him . knew . have known .
20、 must know. will know2、 He has_been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、 Have you met Mr.Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、 The famous writer_ one new book in the past twoyear . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 Our country_ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be
21、even _. haschanged ;well .changed;good. haschanged ;better .changed;better6、 ZhaoLan _already_in this school for twoyears . was;studying . will; study. has; studied. are;studying7、 We _XiaoLi sinceshe was a littlegirl . know .hadknown . have known. knew8、 HarryPotteris averynicefilm.I_it twice . wil
22、lsee .haveseen .saw .see9、 These farmershavebeen to the UnitedStates . Really? When _ there?. willthey go .did they go. do they go.have they gone10、 _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done;have finished .will; do;finish11、 Hisfather_the P
23、arty since1978 .joined.has joined .was inD. has been in12、 Doyouknow himwell? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .were. have been. have become . have made13、 How long have you_ here ? Abouttwo months.been .gone .come . arrived5 / 7现在完成时讲解与练习题14、 Hurryup! Theplay_for ten minutes.has begun. had be
24、gun.has been on. began15、 It _ tenyears since he leftthe army .is. has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt inthe office.she _ tothe library. has gone . went .will go . has been17、 My parents _Shandong forten years.havebeen in . have been to.havegone to . havebeen18、 Thestudents have cleaned the classroo
25、m,?A. so theyB. don theyC. have theyD. haven they19、has MrWhitebeen a member ofGreenerChinasince heto China?A. Howsoon, comesB. Howoften,gotC. Howlong, cameD. Howfar, arrived20、 Hisuncleformore than 9 years.A. has come here C. has lived thereB. has started to workD. has leftthe university二、句型转换。1、He
26、 has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、 They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)have they been here?3、 The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （动词填空）4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 )This factory_ for twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换 )Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mot
27、her has been a Party member for three years . （同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同义句转换 )_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. ( 把两个句子合并成一个句子)_三、汉译英。1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 （ just ）2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 (never)3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。5. 他们已去了美国五年了。 (for)6 / 7现在完成时讲解与练习题6. 在 1992 年他住在这里。(since)7 / 7
