1、第19讲一定语从句知识图谱-定语从句关系代t关系副词第 19讲负语从句错题回顾定语从句知识精讲一、定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词，既起 到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行 词+关系词+定语从句。、关系代词|1 .关系代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，基本用法如下表:关系词作用先行词例句who主语/宾语人This is the b
2、oy who often helps me. 这 就是常帮我的那个男孩。I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我 在一次聚会上认识的教授。whom宾语人The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.你等的那个人已经回家了。that主语/宾语人或物This is the pen that writes well. 这是那 支很好写的笔。This is
3、the pen that you want.这是你 想要的钢笔。The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian.我们足 球队的最高的那个运动员来自 福建。which主语/宾语物The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.有个机器的房间是车间。The river which is in front of my house is very clean.从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。whose定语人或物The room whose door is blue
4、is mine.蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。注意：一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替 who, whom 和 which ,在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语；which指物，在从句中也做主语、宾语或表语，所以which和that在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：This is the movie that I like best.=This is the movie which I like best.这就是我最喜欢的电影。2 .关系代词的省略一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：I ll never forget
5、the day that we spent together.我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略）I ll never forget the day on which we met each other.我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省）、关系副词关系词作用先行词例句when状语时间I ll never forget theday when I met you for the first time.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那f。where状语地点This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.这就是我们住了五年的地方。why状
6、语原因I don t know theeason why he waslate.我不知道他迟到的原因。注意：与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大 的不同，也是我们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式，如：This is the house where Luxun once lived.=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。三点剖析、考点延伸我们都知道，若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which ,
7、而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况，必须用 that引导定语从句：1 .先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：All that we have to do is to practice English.我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。2 .先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept.我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。3 .先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no,
8、some等修饰，如：I ve eaten up all the food that you gave me.我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。4 .先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。5 .先行词既有人又有物时，如：They talked about persons and things that they met.他们谈论了他们见到的人和事 二、方法总结定语从句考查形式比较单一，单选一般考关系词的选择。在学习定语从句
9、过程中，我们会发现，关系词的选择往往跟先行词有着很大关联，比如先行词是人往往用“who ”或“whom ”，先行词为物往往用“ which ”或“that”等，所 以我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。初中阶段我们要求会判断定 语从句中的关系词，并能在作文中写出简单的定语从句。 高中会系统讲解定语从 句，所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分，为之后的学习做好准备。题模精讲题模一关系代词例 1.1、-What shall we do next?-Take the advice is given by Dr. Bloch.A、whoB、whichG whoseD whom例 1.2、
10、The Palace Museum is the best place I ve ever visited.A whoB、whenG thatD where例 1.3、完成句子1 .你有什么要对自己说的吗？Do you have you want to say for yourself?2 .这是我父亲曾经住过的房子This is a house in my father once lived.题模二关系副词例 2.1、This is the primary school I studied three years ago.A、whereB、whenG thatD which例 2.2、Do
11、you remember the days we spent in Sanya?A whenB、thatG whatD where例 2.3、完成句子你知道他缺席的原因吗？Do you know the reason he is absent?随堂练习随练1.1、The book is sold out at the moment.A you needB、what you needG which you need itD that you need it随练1.2、The second book I want to read is Business the Speed ofThought.A
12、whichB、whatG thatD as随练1.3、Im one of the boys never late for school.A that isB、who areG who amD who is随练1.4、完成句子1 .人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。People all like those have good manners.2 .这是我障碍寻找的那本书。This is the book I m looking for.3 .这是我看过的最有趣的电影。This is interesting Ve ever seen.4 .我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。I still remember
13、the day I first came to Beijing.5 .你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？Can you tell me the office he works?随练1.5、Is this the place Lincoln once lived.A、thatB、whichC whereD when随练1.6、Ill never forget the days I stayed with you.A whenB、in whichG thatD for which自我总结能力拓展拓展i、-Do you know the man is talking with your father?-Y
14、es, he s our headmaster.A、heB、whoG whichD whom拓展2、Is this the river I can swim?A whichB、in whichG thatD the one拓展3、This is the best hotel in the city I know.A whereB、whichG thatD it拓展4、Her sister,you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A whomB、thatG whichD who is拓展5、These books are for students
15、 mother language is not English.A of whomB、thatG whichD whose拓展6、完成句子1 .有一些想去海南度假的人。There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.2 .刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么？What s that flashed in the sky just now.3 .这是去武汉的最后一趟火车。The train is w川 go to Wuhan.4 .我永远都不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。I ll never forget the days I spent in Beijing.5 .中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度,China is the birthplace of kites, from kite flying spreads toJapan, Korea, Thailand and India.
