1、宾语从句一、定义 :宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为：以从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句、已从属连词 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。1、 that 引导的宾语从句由 that 引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词 that 无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， 此时从句的成分齐全， 句意明确， 在口语和非正式文体中 that 可以省略。I m extremely sorry that I have lost your book.We re all pleased that we have once ag
2、ain overcome the difficulty.Do you think (that) it will rain?We know (that) we should study hard.2、 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句Whether/if 引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词whether或if。（1） 可用 whether/if 的情况通常 whether/if 引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。I don t know whether/if he ll arrive in time.I am wonde
3、ring whether/if they would believe in me.I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.（2）只能用whether ，不能用if 的情况A、引导介词的宾语从何时I m thinking of whether we should go shopping.I m not interested in whether she ll be invited.B、与or not直接连用时I can t say whether or not he will come on time.I don t kno
4、w whether or not they will come to help us.I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we ve lost this game.C、宾语从旬提前时Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don t care.3、连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从何可由连接代词 what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。Do you know who will teach us Englis
5、h term?（乍主语）Did you hear what she said?（作宾语）I don t know whose the football is乍表语）Could you tell me which book is better?作定语）4、连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从何可由连接副词 when,where, how,why及“how形容词/副词”短语等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略。We didn t know when you usually go to school.I want to know where he bought this cup.Can you tel
6、l me how I get to the bus station?Please explain why you were late for class again.“How形容词/副词”短语主要有 how old,how many, how much,how long,how often,how far,how soon 等。Do you know how old your father is this year?二、重点考点1、宾语从句的语序无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导， 引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。I am wondering if you could h
7、elp me.He asked me when we should start out the next day.Did you find out where she lost her car?2、宾语从句的时态宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则：（ 1）主句为现在时态或将来时态时主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响。I know you don t know what i think at all.I know he didn t tell you that he would com
8、e then.I ll let you know whether I ll come or not directly I check my plan.（ 2）主句为过去时态时主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn ktnow which country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in.He told me that h
9、e had told Mary about the meeting already.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measuresto put down the to-do.特别提示 :从句若表示客观事实或真理，谓语用一般现在时。My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.3、宾语从句的否定转移主句谓语 是表示 “想， 认为”等意义的动词， 如 think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,gues野, 从旬
10、的否定般要转移至U主旬中。 其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致，且用肯定形式。I don t think they ll wait to the last minute.I didn t believe that was his fault,was it?三、宾语从句的注意事项不能省略 that 的情况在 that 引导的宾语从句中， 连词 that 只起引导作用， 不在句中担当任何成分。因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略，但在下列情况不能省略：I、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,fe咻动词的宾语时I have learned that mos
11、t of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest in English.2、当宾语从句较长时We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy.3、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时I realized at once that I had done it wrong when she told me all about this.4、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。
12、He told us that,if we could all come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.5、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时When Marx got to England,he found,however ,that his English was so limited that he couldn t go on with his common affairs.6、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时，除第一个that 外，其他不可省Then the teacher began to talk to u
13、s about the French language,saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.7、当宾语从句中的主语是this, that或被this, that修饰时Some people think that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more beautiful than the West of England.The
14、teacher said that that word was wrong.8、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时However,many people simply couldn t believe that what he had written was true. 9、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster that light objects.10、当宾语从句被形式宾语it 代替时W all consider it important that c
15、hildren should take plenty of milk as they grow.II、 expect 后接的宾语从句不能省去thatHis article is very good expect that there are only a few unfit sentences.12、在直接引语中，引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时the man said, ” that you missed the last train onB.when would they startD.how they will get thereB.where we will go campingD.where will we go camping“ I m extremely sorry to tell you , again. ”四、课堂小练1、 _what did he ask just now?_He wondered .A.if they would meet at the school gateC.that they would take some food2、 _I d like to know._Maybe in the forest.A.whether we will go campingC.whether will we go camping 5
