1、初中英语定语从句易错剖析及解析一、定语从句1The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic.A thatB whatC whoseD Who【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:我们昨晚看的那场电影好极了。考查定语从句引导词。本句定句从句的先行词The movie是物,并且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,可知使用关系代词that或 which ;故选A。2The leaders from eight countriesattended the Shanghai cooperation organization summitin Qingdao got the we
2、lcome of the Chinese people.A whomB whatC whoD which【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:出席上海合作组织青岛峰会的8 国领导人受到中国人民的欢迎。考查关系代词辨析。 what不是关系词,可排除。whom和who都用于先行词是人时,但whom用作宾语,who用作主语或宾语;which用于先行词是物时。本句先行词The leaders是人,可排除which ;关系词在从句中做主语,可排除whom 。根据句意结构和语境,可知选C。3Do you have books about famous scientists _ are suitable for
3、children to read?A whatB whichC whoD whom【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意 “你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗?”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有 what ; B.which 指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.who 指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;D.whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知,先行词为books 指物,在从句中作主语,故选B。4This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday.A whichB whatC whoseD whom【答案】 A【解析】【详解】句意:这是那本母
4、亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句,先行词是为物时用which ; what 不能引导定语从句;先行词指人时用who;当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary ,字典是物,所以用关系词which 。故选 A。5The girl _ an English song in the next room is Tom A who is singing B is singing C sang s sister.D was singing【答案】 A【解析】【详解】句意:正在隔壁房间唱英文歌曲的女孩是汤姆的姐姐。这里使用了定语从句,先行词是the girl ,定语从句中缺少
5、主语,用who 或 that 引导定语从句,故选A。6The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A whichB in whichC thatD all【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:女孩把她在街上捡到的所有东西都交给了警察。考查定语从句。本句先行词 everything 是不定代词,应该用关系代词 that 引导此定语从句。故选 C。7-Have you found the information about the famous people _ you can use for th
6、e report?-Not yet. I ll search some on the Internet.A whoB whatC whomD which【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意: 你有没有找到一些能够用于报告的名人的信息?还没有。我将在网上搜索一些。考查定语从句。本句先行词information是物,在定语从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which或that引导定语从句,所以选D。8Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home.A tha
7、tB whoC whomD what【答案】 A【解析】试题分析:句意:如果剧院可以提供人们在家无法获得的电影经历,它们会有一个光明的未来。此处修饰先行词experience 的定语从句,并且作为动词get 的宾语,故此处用关系代词 that ,故选 A。考点:考查定语从句的用法。9The book _ I read last night was fantastic.A thatB whatC whoseD who【答案】 A【解析】【详解】句意:我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that 先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B. what 不能引导定语从句;C.
8、whose 先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语; D. who 先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book 指物,用that 来引导,故答案为A。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?( who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/
9、that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4)关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构,因
10、此常常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用,例如: Beijing is the place where ( in which ) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。10 -Have you got ready for the soccer game ?-Yes, Ive done everything _ I can to win the game.A whoB that【答案】 BC which【解析】【详解】句意: 你准备好参加足球比赛了吗?是的,我已经尽我所能来赢得比赛。本题考查定语从句的连接词,who 的先行词是人,that 的先行词是人或物,which 的先行词是物。当先
11、行词是不定代词时,只能用that ,不能用which ,故答案为B。【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that (指人或物),which (指物), who (指人)。指人时可用 that 或 who ,指物时可用that 或 which ,但有时只能用that 不能用 which 。常见的情况有下列五种:当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么可以为你做的吗?All that can be done must be done. 凡是能做的都
12、必须做。当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一 。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时。例如:My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
13、当王句以who 或 which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who 。以避免重复。例如:Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 不用 which 。例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。11 Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球)
14、Yes. Its the best oneI have ever seen.A thatB whichC what?D it【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意: 你看过流浪地球这部电影吗?这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。此句考查定语从句的关联词,that/which可以引导定语从句,what , it不能引导定语从句,首先排除C,D;先行词是不定代词one,前面被形容词的最高级best修饰,引导词只能用that不能用which ,故答案为A.【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that (指人或物),which (指物),who (指人)。指人时可用that或who ,指物时可用that或 whic
15、h ,但有时只能用that不能用which 。常见的情况有下列五种:当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么可以为你做的吗?All that can be done must be done. 凡是能做的都必须做。当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The
16、first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时。例如:My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。当主句以who 或 which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who 。以避免重复。例如:Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?)当先行词既有
17、人又有物时,用that 不用 which 。例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。12 “ What are you doing? “ We”are talking about the books and writers _ we like.A thatB whichC whoD whom”【答案】 A【解析】【详解】句意: “你们在做什么?我们在谈论我们喜欢的书籍和作家。”。考查定语从句的引导词用法。本句的定语从句的先行词
18、是book 书和 writer 人,所以关系代词用that ,故选 A。【点睛】定语从句中用that 不用 which 的情况有: 1)当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing,anything 等不定代词时;2)当先行词前面有序数词或者形容词最高级作定语修饰时;3)先行词既有人也有物时;4)当先行词前面有 the very , the only 修饰时。13 Look! This is the photoI took in Beijing World Gardening Expo (世界园艺博览会)in2019 Wow , so great!A wha
19、tB whoC whereD that【答案】 D【解析】【详解】句意: 看!这是我2019 年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。考查定语从句的关系代词,what不用在定语从句中,who先行词为人,在从句中作主语或者宾语, where 先行词为地点,在从句中作状语,that 先行词为人或物,在从句中做主语或宾语, the photo 为先行词,从句中缺宾语,句意理解为看!这是我2019 年在北京世界园艺博览会上拍的照片哇,很不错故选D。14 -How do you like the Sun Island ? Is it worth visiting?-Sure. It s one of the p
20、lacesbestI have ever been to.A whichB thatC whoBwho D whom【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:-你觉得太阳岛怎么样?值得一游吗?-当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places 是物,引导词在定语从句中作宾语,可知用that或which引导此定语从句,但先行词有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。【点睛】定语从句是用作定语的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。引导定语从句的词叫引导词,引导词分为关系代词( that/who/whom/which/wh
21、ose )和关系副词( when/where/why )。引导词连接先行词和定语从句,在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。先行词是物时,用that或which引导定语从句;当先行词是人时,用who或that引导定语从句。(一)、当先行词是物时,只用that的情况:1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。3.当先行词本身是 all 的,用that. (all that=what) .( that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)4.先行词为something , anything , nothing , eve
22、rything , thing 等不定代词时,用that 。 5.当先行词前有 all, much, little , many, ( a) few, every, some, any, no, only , the very ,one of , the only , the last, the next 等修饰语时。(二)、先行词既有人又有物时,或当先行词在以who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that 引导以避免混淆。7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that 。15 Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _ well vi
23、sit next week.A thatC where 【答案】 A【解析】试题分析:句意:阳新的仙岛湖是我们下周要参观的著名的地方。本句考查定语从句,先行词是 place,从句意来看,其在定语从句中作visit 的宾语,指事物,因此关系词用that 。故选 A。考点:考查定语从句。16 We all enjoy reading the story _ has a happy ending. B whom C that A whoD what【答案】 C【解析】【详解】句意:我们都喜欢读有一个幸福结局的故事。这里是定语从句,先行词是the story ,是物,关系词用that和which,先行
24、词是人用who来引导。先行词是人,关系词whom在句中作宾语。根据题意,故选C。【点睛】当关系代词指人时,关系代词既可用who,也可以用that. 但在以下情况用who.1.当先行词是persons,people,those 时 .例如:Those who are for my plan ,please put up your hands. 同意我的计划的人请举手.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised. 好争者被轻视 .2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they 等时 ,例如:He who has not reached the Great
25、 Wall isnt a true man. 不到长城非好汉.All who had seen this film were moved. 看过这部电影的人都受感动.3.在非限定性定语从句中用who. 例如:I want him,who knows some English and French. 我要他 ,他懂得些英语和法语.I will pardon you,who are honest. 我愿意宽恕你,你是诚实的 .4.在强调句型中多用who,在口语中who 可以省略 .例如:I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.It is he
26、 who can do this work. 只有他能够干此工作在以下情况多用that. 例如:我认为你明天应该来这儿.5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that. 例如:She is not the woman that she used to be. 她已经不是过去的她了.China is not the country that it used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了.17 The light in her room is still on. Do you know _? Maybe at midnight again. A if she is busy studying B
27、 what s she doingC why does she stay up so lateD when she will stop working【答案】 D【解析】试题分析:句意:她房间里的灯还亮着。你知道她什么时候停止工作吗?可能又要到午夜。 A. if she is busy studying.她是否在忙着学习;B. what s she doing她在做什么。宾语从句用陈述句语序,错;C. why does she stay up so late 她为什么熬夜那么晚。宾语从句用陈述句语序,错;D. when she will stop working她什么时候停止工作。答语:May
28、be atmidnight again. 可能又要到午夜。指的是时间,用when提问。故选D。考点:考查宾语从句。18 Why dont you like fishing?Fishing is a hobby_needs much patience,but Im not patient at all.A thatB whoC whomD Where【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby (爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或 which. 故选 A 项。考点:考查定语从句的用法19 When
29、Robinson got to the island , the first thing _he did was to look for somefood A whoB whichC thatD What【答案】 C【解析】试题分析:句意:当鲁滨逊?克鲁索到达岛上时,他做的第一件事就是寻找一些食物。本题考查定语从句。先行词指物且被序数词first 修饰, 故只能选用关系词that 。因此 C 项正确。考点:考查定语从句。20 The Palace Museum is the best placeI ve ever visited.A whoB thatC whereD what【答案】B【解析
30、】试题分析:句意:故宫博物院是我曾经参观过最好的地方。which ,that引导的从句,它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时,用that 而不用 which 。本句中先行词是指物,先行词前有最高级修饰,故用the best place ,此先行词为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,that 引导此句的定语从句。选B。考点:考查定语从句。21 The number of people_were killed in the accident_been announced yet.A that; haven【答案】 BtB who; hasntC which; hasn
31、t D who; havent【解析】试题分析:句意:在事故中死亡的人的数量还没有被公布。第一空后_were killed in theaccident 是定语从句,先行词是people ,指人的所以可以用that 或 who ,第二空缺少的是谓语动词,句子的主语是The number 单数,所以谓语动词也用单数形式,故选B。考点:考查定语从句及主谓一致的用法。22 Auld Lang Syne is an Irish folk songA whatB whoreminds us of our old friends and the good old days.C thatD Whose【答案
32、】C【解析】试题分析:句意:Auld Lang Syne是爱尔兰民歌,让我们想起我们的老朋友和过去的好时光。这里是定语从句,这里的先行词是物,在句中做主语,用that来引导;what不能用来引导定语从句。根据题意。故选C。考点:考查定语从句23 The first thing _ I have to do now is to keep healthy.A whichB thatC whoD whom【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:我现在不得不做的第一件事是保持健康。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1 关系代词: who ,whom , w
33、hose , which , that 。 2 关系副词: where,when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which用来指代物的先行词,that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which:先行词本身是all , everything ,something , nothing , anything等不定代词时,先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或thelast, the only等作定语时,先行词既有人又有物时。根据先行词有序数词修饰,故选B。考点:考查定语从句的用法。24 What do you think of the
34、program Sing My Song on CCTV?-It s a good chance to those musicians _write their own songs.A whoB whomC which【答案】 A【解析】D /试题分析: 你认为中央电视台的节目 “中国好歌曲 ”怎么样? 这是给那些自己写歌曲的音乐家们的一个好机会。先行词指人,引导词在定语语从句中做主语,故引导词用who。故选 A。25 Have you seen the watchmy uncle gave me as my birthday present last year? Sorry, I haven
35、 t.A whatB whichC whoD when【答案】B【解析】句意:你看过我叔叔去年作为我的生日礼物送给我的手表吗?对不起,我没有。此句是定语从句,先行词是watch ,指物,引导词为which/that ,故答案为B。26 Nanjing Yangtse River Bridgewas built in the 1960s is now under repair.A whoB whoseC whichD what【答案】C【解析】句意:建于上世 60 年代的南京 江大 在正在修理。who引 定 从句,先行 是人,在从句中做主 或 ;whose的; which引 定 从句,先行 是物
36、,which在从句中做主 或 ; what 什么,不能引 定 从句。 个定 从句的先行 是 Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge,是物,故 C。27 The TV show Running Man is popular recently. Yes. It is the only program _ I watched this month.A whoB whenC whereD that【答案】 D【解析】句意: 目奔跑吧,兄弟最近非常受 迎。是的。它是 个月我唯一看 的 目。修 先行 program 的定 从句中 watched 缺少主 ,故用代 that ,故选 D。28 - Have you ever seen the film -Yes, and I think it is the best filmThe Shawshank Redemption?teaches me a lot.A thatB whichC whatD /【答案】A【解析】句意: 你看 影肖申克的救 ?是的,我 是一部教我很多的最好的 影。首先分析句子 构,本句中的_ teaches me a lot在复合句中作定 从句,由于先行 是film指物,在定 从句中作主 ,且先行 前面有形容 最高 修 ,因而只能用that来引 后面的定 从句,不能用