1、定语从句和同位语从句的区别作者：日期 :定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如：1We heard the news that he had told her.我们听到他对她说的消息。2We heard the news that he had won the game.我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。例 1 中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例2 中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。
2、二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：1. A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。2. The fact that they didnt finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。例 1 中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2 中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，
3、可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：1. The news that she heard is true.她听到的消息是真的。2. The news that she will go abroad is true.她将出国这消息是真的。例 1 是定语从句，that可省略；例2 是同位语从句，that不能省略。3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown.他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention.他为什么会被
4、选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。例 3 中 why 引导的是定语从句，why 可以被 for的是同位语从句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。which或that代替；例4 中why引导四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主 +系 +表”结构来表示。 例如：The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。上句若用“主+系 +表”结构来表示，则是：消息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。Thenews isthathe won the firstplace
5、.五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。例如：1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to goto school.她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。例 1 中的 possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例2 中的 possibility是抽象
6、名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如：1.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。2.I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。3.This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。4.The question where we
7、shall have a meeting hasn t decided.我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。例 1、 3 中的 when 和 where引导的是定语从句，day和 house 分别表示时间和地点；例2、 4 中的 when 和 where 引导的是同位语从句。同位语从句练习题1.Th a t _ he orksard iswellkn wn to us all. t atB.w atC.whyD.whic he fa _ he assucc ssful oves hi abilty.A. hatB.wh tC which .why3.Th ew _h w idnapped
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