1、The Translation of Shift,一、名词的翻译,抽象名词具体化(Specialization) 具体名词抽象化(Generalization) 译为短语或短句 转性译法(Conversion),抽象名词具体化,1. There had been too much violence in that region. 2. His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness. 3. All the irregularities of the students resulted in punishment. 4. In the
2、 summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.,5. High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted. 高压电通常采用高架线传送，以防人畜触电致死。,具体名词抽象化,1. Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor w
3、as invented. 电动机发明之后，电才开始造福于人类。 2.I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad! 我一定要向人讲真心话，否则我会发疯的。,译为短语或短句,1.The isolation of the mountain areas because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，山区与外界是隔绝的。由于通讯工具不足，这种隔
4、绝状态更严重了。 2. I am frank to say that Mr. Acheson would not have been my choice for Secretary of State. 我要坦率地说，如果我是总统，我就不会挑艾奇逊先生当国务卿。,3. His presence would have added only another and needless agony to the last moment of the dying man. 他如果在场，也只是给垂死的人在临终时刻多添一阵不必要的痛苦。,转性译法由动词派生的名词转译为动词,1. Rockets have fo
5、und application for the exploration of the universe. 2. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 3. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.,含有动作意味的名词转译为动
6、词,4. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室里可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。 5. At the thought of the disaster his legs stiffened under him and couldnt move a step further. 一想到这场灾难，他两条腿就像有千斤重，再也挪不动一步了。,加er后缀的名词表示动作时转译为动词,7. He is
7、no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. 他不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支接一支地抽。 8. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.,作为习语主体的名词(have a look, have a rest)转译为动词,9. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. 他瞥了一眼，表示他听见了，但没有表示同意或不同
8、意。,二、前置词、形容词、副词译为动词,1. “ Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。 2. Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours.,3. She opened the wind
9、ow to let fresh air in. 4. As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 三、动词、形容词转译为名词 1. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 2. To them, he personified the absolute power.,3. They did their best to help the sick. 4. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but so
10、ft. 四、其他词类转译 1. This is sheer nonsense. (adjectiveadverb) 2. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. (noun-adverb) 3. He is physically weak but mentally sound. (adverb noun）,Assignment,1. On the walk through the city they saw breadlines. 2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 4. I then acted as a reluctant interpretor. 5. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.,
