1、英语四级翻译讲座陈晓明,1.简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文约3到8个单词。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,评分原则及标准,1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,2.解题技巧,Step 1,利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式将两个英文词或词组连接起来,Step 3,确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英
2、文相应表达),翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言,Step 2,3.分析考题,翻译考题的考点通常是：语法，词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点，但是为了分析之便，我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点：一、语法结构 (grammar)、二、重点单词 (key words)、三、固定搭配 (set structures)。,一 语法结构（grammar）：动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句（最常考）、定语从句。,1动名词 (gerund )：一道。87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble
3、 finding the way to the history museum. (找到去历史博物馆的路) (2006. 6 ) 2虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）：一道。89. The victim might have survived (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006. 12 ),考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：1由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 （1）与现在的事实相反：(If . + were/did.,.+ would do.)If I were you, I would marry h
4、im. 如果我是你，就会嫁给他。（2）与过去的事实相反：(If . + had done., . +would have done.)If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了。（3）与将来的事实可能相反：(If .+ should do.,.+ would do.)If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨，你怎么办?,3倒装 (inversion)：样题：【CET-6：2007.6】 Only in the small town
5、_.(他才感到安全和放松) 参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxedthe more, the more结构中的倒装。【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 参考答案：the more confused I am,【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎) 参考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his appl
6、ication form. 参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out),4状语从句（adverbial clauses）：六道。重要考点。1) 目的状语 (adverbial clauses of purpose)：一道。88. In order to make money to support my schooling, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.（2006. 6）,2) 让步状语 (adverbial clauses of concession)：一道。91. Th
7、ough a skilled worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.（2006. 6）3) 时间状语 (adverbial clauses of time)：一道。90. Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely when theyre away from home. （出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006. 12 ),4) 条件状语 (adverbial clauses of condition
8、)：一道。91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if its convenient for you. (如果你方便的话) (2007. 6.) 5) 比较状语 (结构) (adverbial clauses of comparison or comparative constructions )：两道。88. Since my childhood I have found that to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) （2006. 12） 90.
9、The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂)（2006. 6）,5定语从句 (attributive clauses)：一道。88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field (where) we can cooperate. (我们可以合作的领域 ) (2007.6),二 重点单词 (key words)：,89. The professor required that we (should) hand in the research report (我们交研究报告) by W
10、ednesday.（2006. 6） 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to life in different cultures. (2006.12 ) 87. The finding of this study failed to take the quality of humans sleep into consideration. (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内 ) (2007. 6 ),89. Because of the leg injury, the at
11、hlete decided to quit the match. (决定退出比赛) (2007. 6 )90. To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address. (按以下地址和我们联系) (2007. 6 )注: 词汇是学习语言的基础，一定要重视词汇的积累！,三 固定搭配 (set structures)：,91. The nations population continues to rise at a rate of 12 million per year. (以每年
12、1200万人的速度). (2006. 12 )87. The finding of this study failed to take account of the quality of humans sleep. (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内 ) (2007. 6 )91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience. (如果你方便的话) (2007.6 ),4.解题步骤,第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。 所谓形式包括：1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子
13、等) 2.虚拟 3.被动 所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。 第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。,第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺，你的翻译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。,5. 真题详解：2006.12,1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). 06.12 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出
14、，划线处应该接动词原形。 第二步： 分析“适应不同文化的生活” 核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures (2).重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures 考察知识点：词组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应-”,2.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比 读书
15、对我更有吸引力). 第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子。 第二步：分析“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力” 核心谓语动词是“比-更有吸引力”， “没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。 (2).重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 考察知识点：比较级not
16、hing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。,3.The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 第一步：由The victim 可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。 第二步：分析“本来会有机会活下来” 核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would
17、have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive (2).重新组合：would have a chance to survive. 正确答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival could have survived考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done 有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-,4.Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤
18、独). 第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。 第二步：分析“出门在外时可能会感到孤独” 核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”= may feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home. (2).重新组合：may feel lonely when they are away from home. 考察知识点：词性辨析 lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的
19、；alone. adj.独自的 ；“出门在外”的翻译。When they are not in their hometown,5.The nations population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度). 第一步：由句中部分可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。 第二步：分析“以每年1200万人的速度” 词组固定搭配“以-的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“以-的速度”= at a speed/rate of-，“每年”=per year，“1200万人”=12 million. (2).重新组合：at a
20、speed of 12 million per year. 正确答案：at a speed of 12 million per year 或 at a rate of 12 million people per year或 at an annual rate of 12,000,000 people考察知识点：词组固定搭配 at a speed of- “以-的速度”；注意：million不加s,注意 实在翻不出来，就不要硬拼，教大家一种“反译”的小技巧，非常管用。1Theres still water in the rivers. 河还没有干。2Students are still arri
21、ving. 学生们还没有到齐。3他每次都赢： He never loses.,4我天天想你： Theres never been a day when I didnt miss you. 5我一夜没合眼： I lay awake all night.比较：I didnt close my eyes all night. 二伯，诈尸啦!,Unit 2一、重点单词 (key words),51.Because of the leg injury, the athlete (决定退出比赛). 第一步：由分句主语the athlete 可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得分句完整。第二步：分析“
22、决定退出比赛” 核心谓语动词是“决定”，“退出比赛”作决定的宾语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“决定”= decide to do sth，“退出”=quit (2).重新组合：decided to quit the match. 正确答案：decided to quit/give up the match考点：重点单词：退出，quit 或give up,52.To make donations or for more information, please (按以下地址和我们联系). 第一步：分析句子可知前面两个并列的介词短语是目的状语，主干是由please引导的祈使句，所以要接动词原形
23、。第二步：分析“按以下地址和我们联系” 核心谓语动词是“联系”，“我们”是联系的宾语，“按以下地址”是状语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“联系”= contact sb.，“按以下地址”=at the following address (2).重新组合： contact us at the following address 考点：重点单词：联系，contact sb.,More Exercise(单词)1. Buying clothes _( 是件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones
24、 that fit him or her.2. When I was very young, I was terrible frightened of school, but I soon _（克服了这种心理）。3. The sports meeting originally due to be held last Friday _( 最终因天气不好而取消了)。,is often a very time-consuming job,overcame it / got over it,was finally called off / cancelled because of the bad we
25、ather,More Exercise(单词)4. I _( 将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon. 5. If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to _( 诉诸武力)。6. Mark often _（ 试图逃脱罚款） whenever he breaks traffic regulations.,will be doing / conducting the experiment,resort to force,attempts to escape being fined,Un
26、it 2二、语法结构 (grammar),53.Mrs. Smith was (对任何事情都太挑剔)that no servant could please her. 第一步：由后面的that结果状语从句可以推出，划线处形容词前应 加副词so, 即“sothat”结构。第二步：分析“对任何事情都太挑剔” 核心部分是“对挑剔”，“任何事情”作挑剔的宾语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“对挑剔”= be particular about，“任何事情”=everything (2).重新组合： so particular about everything考点：语法：sothat 固定搭配：be p
27、articular/fussy about(对挑剔),54.Science and technology (促进了农业生产的进步). 第一步：本句主语为复数，所以划线部分的谓语动词也应与之保持一致，即用复数。时态用现在完成时。第二步：分析“促进了农业生产的进步” 核心谓语动词是“促进了”，“进步”作促进的宾语，“农业生产”是定语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“促进”= contribute to，“进步”= improvement, “农业生产的” =agricultural production(2).重新组合：have contributed to the improvement of
28、 agricultural production考点：语法：主谓一致；现在完成时 固定搭配：contribute to(促进，贡献),56. (不管结果怎么样), I will be on your side. 第一步：后面是主句，划线处应该是让步状语从句，时态是一般现在时。第二步：分析“不管结果怎么样” 核心部分是“不管”，“结果怎么样”是不管引导的让步状语从句。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“不管”= no matter what，“结果怎么样”=what the consequence is (2).重新组合：Whatever/No matter what the consequenc
29、e is,考点：语法：no matter+疑问词(what, when, who, why, how)或者疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句例如：_(不管任务多么艰巨)，we should try out best and not give up easily.,NO matter how difficult the task is,57.At no time and under no circumstances (把个人利益放在第一位). 第一步：由句首表示否定意义的短语可以推出，划线处应该倒装。第二步：分析“把个人利益放在第一位” 核心谓语动词是“把放在第一位”，“个人利益”是放的宾语。第三
30、步： (1).切块对应翻译：“把放在第一位”= placefirst，“个人利益”=personal interest (注意：本句是否定短语前置表示强调，所以后面要加主语和情态动词should，并且倒装。) (2).重新组合：should a man place his personal interest first /should ones personal interest be placed first,考点：语法：表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首，全句需部分倒 装。这类词，词组还有：never, seldom, nor, little, hardly, scarely, no soon
31、er, by no means, on no account, in no case, on no condition等。例如：On no condition_(背叛自己的祖国).,should one betray his own country,59.It was vital that (我们月底完成工程). 第一步：由主语从句it was vital that可以推断出，从句应用虚拟语气，形式是should+动词原形，should通常省略。第二步：分析“我们月底完成工程” 核心谓语动词短语是“完成工程”，“月底”是时间状语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“完成工程”= finish t
32、he project，“月底”=by the end of this month (2).重新组合：we finish the project by the end of this month考点：语法：虚拟语气,语法讲解：“虚拟语气” 考生应该注意以下几种常考虚拟语气的形式： 第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have
33、done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 (3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?,第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有： insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order
34、(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。,第三种：用在“It + be + adj. + that -”结构that 引导的主语从句中 从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(should常省
35、去) 。这类形容词有：important ,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及in
36、sisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等,第四种：用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干 某事了”, 含建议的意思。 从句谓语形式为：动词过去式。例如： It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。,More Exercise(语法)虚拟语气1. Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money? I _
37、( 本来不必从银行借钱的)2. By the time you get to New York, I _( 已经动身去) London。3. Its time _（采取措施） about the traffic problem downtown. 4. It is essential that _ (把程序输进计算机)。,neednt have borrowed it form the bank,shall have left for,something was done / some measures were taken,the program be loaded into compute
38、r.,More Exercise(语法)虚拟语气5. He insisted that the seats _ (事先预定).6. If we hadnt made adequate preparations, _ (会议是不会开得这么成功的).7. _( 正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. (强调句型) 8. The room is in a terrible mess; it_ ( 肯定没打扫过)。 (情态动词),be booked in advanced,the conference wou
39、ldnt have been so successful,It is because she is too inexperienced,cant have been cleaned,More Exercise(语法)倒装9. Under no circumstance _ (允许游客在草地上行走).10. _(他们几乎连一片面包也不浪费)they waste. 11.Four thousand dollars _(她付不起).主谓一致,can vistors be allowed to walk on the grass,Hardly a slice of bread did,is more
40、than she can afford,More Exercise(语法) 12. His salary is _.(是我的两倍) 倍数13. _, (他虽有耐性) he was unwilling to wait three hours. 状语从句14. Sound is a tool _(人们通过它互相交流). 定语从句15._(样样精通), is to know nothing. 不定式,two times/twice as much as mine,Patient as he was,by means of which people communicate with each othe
41、r,To know everything,Unit 2三、固定搭配 (set structures),55.Considering your salary, you (应该每周至少存20美元). 第一步：由主语you可知，划线部分应该把句子补充完整。第二步：分析“应该每周至少存20美元” 核心谓语动词是“存”，“至少20美元”是存的宾语，“每周”是状语第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“存”= set aside，“至少20美元”=at least 20 dollars, 每周=a week (2).重新组合：should put/set aside at least 20 dollars a
42、week考点：固定搭配：set aside/put aside(储存，留出),58.It is no good (把今天的工作留到明天). 第一步：由英语部分可知本句是考察It is no good+动名词的结构。第二步：分析“把今天的工作留到明天” 核心谓语动词是“把留到”，“今天的工作”是留到的宾语, “到明天”是补语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“把留到”= leave，“今天的工作”= todays work, “到明天”=until tomorrow (2).重新组合：leaving todays work until tomorrow考点：固定搭配：句型 It is no go
43、od/use+动名词的结构。类似的还有：It is fun/senseless/useless/a waste of time等。,60.Companies are struggling to (寻求供需平衡 ), but it is no easy task. 第一步：由be struggle to可知后面动词应该是动词原形。第二步：分析“寻求供需平衡” 核心谓语动词是“寻求”，“平衡”作寻求的宾语，“供需”是平衡的定语。第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“寻求平衡”= find the balance between，“供需”=supply and demand (2).重新组合：find
44、the balance between supply and demand考点：固定搭配：the balance between(之间的平衡) supply and demand(供需),More Exercise(固定搭配)1. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _（想找麻烦）2. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre _(挡路了). 3. The old man _ (谋生) by looking after a parking lot. 4. It may be necessary to stop _(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons. 5. Children are very kind and honest _(天生).,to make trouble,in the way,made his living,at intervals,
