1、2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation : one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own . You are to make a decision. Write an essay to expla
2、in the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)( 说明:本次四级考试全国共考了两套听力 ,为避免重复 ,特补充了一套模拟听力 ,供同学们练习。)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you wi
3、ll hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Quest
4、ions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Armed men.B) Militants.C) Civilians.D) Hard-liners.2.A) The parked passenger bus.B) The armed men on motorcycles.C) The central government.D) The Islamic rebels.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following newsitem.3. A) $ 14 billion.B)
5、 $ 40 billion.C) $ 2.5 billion.D) $ 25 billion.4. A) Lack of knowledge of climate change.B) Not enough examples to follow. C) Shortage of agricultural experts. D) Insufficient financing mechanisms. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item5. A) It will rise.B) It will be stable. C) I
6、t will be lowered down. D) It will change from time to time.6. A) To boom up real estate market.B) To lower unemployment rate.C) To finance car industry.D) To off er food to more people.7. A) Students with bank loan.B) Home buyers with bank loan.C) Low income workers.D) People with savings accounts.
7、Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)
8、, C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Waiter and customer.B) Good friends.C) Husband and wife.D) Colleagues.9. A) The man does her a favor.B) The man recommends
9、 her many good foods.C) The man is very patient to her question.D) The man decides to treat her to a meal.10. A) There were not many Chinese restaurants before.B) Many people emigrated out of his country.C) It is famous for the different recipes.D) It prevents foreign languages from getting in.11. A
10、) He cannot understand why she always speaks nonsense.B) He does not think the woman knows how to enjoy herself.C) He believes the woman is capable of being promoted soon.D) He hates to choose between Chinese cuisine and French cuisine Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just h
11、eard.12. A) T-bone steak & beer.B) Fried chicken steak & Sprite.C) Boiled chicken & salad.D) Roast beef & rice.13. A) French. B) Italian.C) Ranch.D) Germany.14. A) For its salad.C) For its cheese.B) For its pies.D) For its fries.15.A) The baker was hurt at work and cant prepare them.B) The oven is b
12、roken and hasn t been repaired.C) They are served only on Sundays.D) The pies have been sold out.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After y
13、ou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) They want to attract attention.C)
14、They appear respectable in such clothes.B) It is fashionable to wear such clothes.D) Riding a motorcycle makes one dirty.17. A) It is efficient.C) It is convenient.B) It is exciting.D) It is dangerous.18.A) If he always wears protective clothing.B) If he can see everything around him clearly.C) If h
15、e is very careful.D) If he has a lot of defenders.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Making noises.B) Our own system of language.C) Combinations of different sounds.D) A group of sentences upon our own creations. 20. A) It does good to communication between people
16、.B) It encourages people to speak out their thoughts.C) It enlarges the vocabulary of a particular language.D) It hinders communication among individuals.21.A) Words.B) Tone of voice.C) Sentence structures.D) Sounds. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) William Smart
17、.B) Mrs. Dodd.C) President Lyndon Johnson.D) President Nixon.23. A) In 1910.B) In 1906.C) In 1966.D) In 1972.24. A) First Sunday in June.B) Second Sunday in June.C) Third Sunday in June.D) Decided by each Presiden25. A) To honor only your father.B) To honor all fathers around you.C) To honor father
18、like figures.D) To honor Mrs. Dodd s father.Part IIIReading Comprehension( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throu
19、gh carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When someone commits a criminal act , we
20、 always hope the punishment will match the off ense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes animal fighting things 26 work out that way. Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for prof it and “ sport ,” yet theircriminal abusers of ten receive a 28 sentence for causing a life time of pain.
21、Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation ( 缓刑)Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起诉)of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines when they 29 penalties , and in the case of animal fighting , those guidelin
22、es are outdated and extremely 30The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which 31 these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right 32 , but wed like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the
23、 guidelines.Along with this effort , were working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to 33 anti-cruelty laws across the country , as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 important because the
24、 high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from getting involved in cruelty cases in the first place.A) convenientB) createsC) criticallyD) determineE) directionF) hesitateG) inadequateH) inspiredI) methodJ) minimalK) rarelyL) sheltersM) strengthenN) sufferingsO)
25、torturedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragrap
26、h is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem solving, for a lucky fe
27、w.B) Increasingly , companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as “gasification: essentially , turning work into a game. “Gasification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games
28、, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education ,” explains Kevin Wabash , a gasification expert who teaches At the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity
29、 on a digital leaderboard and off erring prizes to the winners , or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to L Ordeal to IBM to Wells Fargo are known t
30、o use some degree of gasification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent Report suggests that the global gasification market will grow from $ 1.65 billion in 2015 to $ 11.1 billion by 2020.D) The concept of gasification is not entirely new , Werbach says. Compani
31、es , marketers and teachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people s reward seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamif ying” its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years , he adds , and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate ( 巨头) Charles Schwab is
32、 said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift t of workers to beat the previous one.E) But the word “gasification ” and the widespread , conscious application of the concept only began
33、 in earnest about five years ago , Wabash says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gasified. “We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games
34、 , and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too ,” Werbach says.F) A number of companies have sprung up GamEffective , Bunchball and Badgeville , to name a few一in recent years off ering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most eff ective turn emp
35、loyees ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative.“What makes a game game like is that the player actually cares about the outcome ,”Werbach says. “ The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology. ”G)
36、Some people, Werbach says , are motivated by competition. Sales people of ten fall into this category. For them , the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members , complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winning at all times.
37、Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees morale (士气).When employees log in to their computers , theyre shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that pers
38、on s name.H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but of ten it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm chasing theme. Employees formed
39、“storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards. Rewards do not have to be stuff ,” Cornetti says. “Rewards can be flexible working hours.” Another training , this one for pay roll law , used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. “Snow White” is ava
40、ilable for everyone to use ,but the “ dwarf s are still under copyright , so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters ( Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.I) Some people do not take naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her experience , people
41、in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like the sound of the word. “ If we are designing for engineers, Im not talking about a game at all ,” Cornetti says. I m talking about a simulation (模拟) Im talking about being able to solve this problem. J) Gamification is “no
42、t a magic bullet,” Werbach warns. A gamification strategy that is not suff iciently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while , but it will not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations.
43、For workers, especially low-paid workers , who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced , gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how effi
44、ciently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to stop taking bathroom breaks,worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Ang
45、eles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a “digital whip.” “It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance ,” Werbach says.K) Still , gamification only stands to become more popular , he says ,“as more and more people come into the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games.” “We are far from reaching the peak ,” Cornetti agrees. “There is no reason this will go away.” 36. Some famous companies are already usi