1、百校联盟2015一2016学年普通高中高三教学质量监测英语(A卷)强化训练一、科技说明文考点设置及答题注意事项: 1.科普类阅读的主要考点设置有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。学生错题集中在科技说明文上。科技说明文是高考阅读篇目的重要组成部分，学生对反映和总结世界前沿的自然科学和技术工程及社会科学方面的发展状况、科研动向和最新科研成果的文章了解得少，兴趣不足，而且缺乏猜词和分析长句的能力以及存在一定的畏难情绪。 2.这类文章的总体特点是:科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下特点:文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩
2、，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见;句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句;常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。 3.要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力;要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headline)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。
3、标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题;在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。A Forget the pyramids，Tahrir Square and the Nile. Egypt is ready to ditch Cai
4、ro and build ashiny new capital if the government has its way. Fed up with pollution，traffic jams，a packed population with soaring rents，Egypt isteaming up with a developer in the United Arab Emirates to build a city in what could be oneof the worlds most ambitious infrastructure programs.The yet-to
5、-be-named city will spread out over 150 square miles, or roughly the size ofDenver，and could eventually be home to 7 million people，the developers and governmentannounced Friday. The current capital of Cairo，while full of history and vibrant charm，is home to morethan 18 million people，and living in
6、and getting around the city can be maddening andfrustrating. The government says the idea is to reduce congestion in Cairo，which is projectedto double in population in the coming decades. An exact location was not announced，but the city is expected to be built east of Cairo. Itwill be closer to the
7、Red Sea-between two major highways-the Suez and the AinSokhnaroads. The ambitions are big. In addition to the new embassies and government buildings，itplans to have an international airport bigger than Heathrow，solar energy farms，40，000 hotelrooms，nearly 2，000 schools and 18 hospitals-all linked tog
8、ether by over 6，000 miles of newroads. But if the dream is big，the bill will be bigger. The total cost is estimated at U. S.$45 billion，Minister of Housing MostafaMadboulyannounced at an economic development conference in Sharm el-Sheikh. The revealing of the new capital was paired with a glamorous
9、website showing a luxuriousand technological urban view of glass towers and pools. The plan is backed by a group that describes itself as“a private real estate investmentfund by global investors focused on investment and development partnerships led by Emiratideveloper Mohamed Alabbar. Alabbar made
10、his name as the founder of Dubais Emaar Properties，primarily known fordeveloping the worlds tallest building，the BurjKhalifa. Egypt is not the first country to plan on moving its capital from established big cities torural greener pastures. Myanmar(缅甸)has only recently completed its move from Yangon
11、 tothe new city of Naypyidaw. Nigeria moved to Abuja in the 1990s，and Brazil carved its capitalBrasilia out of the wilderness over 50 years ago. And then there was another crazy idea of building a capital city on a square of swamplandthat seemed mainly to be a boondoggle for wealthy land speculators
12、(商人)at the time. The city? Washington D. C.1 .Egypt is ready to join hands with some experienced developers to build a new capital mainly because of the following EXCEPT in the old capital. A. pollution and population B. its location and higher rents C. its long history and charm D. traffic jams and
13、 crowdedness2. The underlined sentence in the passage means that it is A. a new city with expensive infrastructure programs B. a new city with beautiful glass towers and pools C. an enterprising dream with abundant funds D. a noble dream with rich cooperative teams3. Which city was the outcome of a
14、crazy idea at that time? A. Abuja. B. Brasilia. C. Naypyidaw. D. Washington，n. C.B Why texting harms your IQ The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much assmoking marijuana(大麻).That is the statement of researchers who have found that tappingaway on a mobile
15、phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarilyknocks up to I() points off the users IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence comparesunfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana，according toBritish researchers，who have described the phenomeno
16、n of improved stupidityin-Fomania”.The research conducted by Hewlett Packard，the technology company，hasconcluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers，especially men. It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a persons mind. Itcan cause a constant distraction of“alway
17、s on”technology when employees should beconcentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration astheir minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technologyinstead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that，in a long ter
18、m，the brainwill be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At amicrocellular level，the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brainactually change in response to certain experiences. Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to
19、 a persons mind，but totheir social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62percent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messagesso often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half saidthat t
20、hey always responded immediately to an e-mail and will even interrupt a meeting to doso. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting ones characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messagesduring a face-to-face meeting were extr
21、emely rude. The effects on IQ were studied by Dr. Glenn Wilson，a psychologist at University ofLondon.“This is a very real and widespread phenomenon，”he said.“We have found thatinfomania will damage a workers performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies sho
22、uld encourage a more balanced and appropriate way ofworking.”4.We can learn from the passage that infomania A.has a positive influence on ones IQB .results in the change of part of the brainC. lies in the problem of lack of concentrationD. is caused by too much use of modern technology5. The researc
23、h mentioned in the passage is most probably about A. the important function of advanced technologyB. the damage to ones brain done by unhealthy habitsC. the relevance between IQ and use of modern technologyD. the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness6. The underlined word“scrut
24、inized probably means A. examined carefully B. copied patiently C. corrected quickly D. admitted freely7. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点)C: ConclusionC Are some people born clever，and others born stupid? Or is intelligence devel
25、oped by ourenvironment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions isyes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth，and special education can nevermake a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand，a child who lives ina boring enviro
26、nment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and variedsurroundings. Thus the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth，but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view，now held by most expertscan be supported in a number of ways. I
27、t is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closerthe blood relationship between two people，the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population，it is likely that theirdegrees of intelligence will
28、 be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identicaltwins，they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar intelligence，and this clearly suggests thatintelligence depends on birth. Imagine that now we
29、 take two identical twins and put them in different environments. Wemight send one，for example，to a university and the other to a factory where the work isboring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing，and this indicates thatenvironment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusi
30、on is also suggested by the fact thatpeople who live in close contact with each other，but who are not related at all，are likely tohave similar degrees of intelligence.8. By using the example that two people closer in blood relationship are closer in intelligencethat writer wants to prove A. intellig
31、ence can be developed by environmentB .intelligence is given at birthC. intelligence can be developed by experience D. education plays an important part in the development of intelligence9. A child who lives in rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because A. his family is ri
32、ch and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence B. he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth C. his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food D. these surroundings are likely to help him reach the limits of their intelligence10. In the second paragraph if we take
33、 two unrelated people at random from the population means“if we ” A. choose two persons who are relative B. take out two different persons C. choose two persons with different intelligence D. pick any two persons11 .The best title for this passage might be A. Birth and Environment B. Factors Influen
34、cing Intelligence C. The Answer to a Question D. Intelligence and EducationD American beekeeping operations have been hit hard by what scientists call colony collapsedisorder(C. C. D.).Almost half of their worker bees have disappeared during the past season.C. C. D. has also been reported in Israel，
35、Europe and South America. Bees fly away from thehive and never return. Sometimes they are found dead;other times they are never found. Manycrops and trees depend on pollination(授粉)by bees to help them grow. A new report says virus may be at least partly responsible for the disorder in honey beecolon
36、ies in the United States. This virus is called Israeli acute paralysis virus. It was firstidentified in Israel in 2002. Ian Lipkin at Columbia University in New York and a teamreported the new findings in Science magazine. Doctor Lipkin says the virus may not be theonly cause. He says it may work wi
37、th other causes to produce the collapse disorder. The team found the virus in colonies with the help of a map of honey bee genes that waspublished last year. They examined thirty colonies affected by the disorder. They found evidence of the virus in twenty-five of them，and in one healthy colony. The
38、 next step isfurther testing of healthy hives. The researchers suggested that the United States may have imported the disorder in beesfrom Australia. They say the bees may carry the virus but not be affected. The idea is that unlike many American bees，the ability of Australian bees to fight diseaseh
39、as not been hurt by the varroa mite(全球性的蜂虱). This insect attacks honey bees, whichcould make the disorder more likely to affect a hive. Australian bee producers reject these suspicions. And some researchers suspect that bee production in the United States is down mainlybecause of the weather. Honey
40、bees gather nectar(花蜜)from flowers and trees. The sweetliquid gives them food and material to make honey.But cold weather this spring in theMidwest reduced the flow of nectar in many flowers. Many bees may have starved. Dryweather in areas of the country could also be playing a part.Wayne Esaias is
41、a NASA space agency scientist who keeps bees in his free time. He livesin central Maryland，where he has found that flowers are blooming a month earlier than theydid in 1970，which may be partly responsible for the disorder. Wayne Esaias is organizing agroup of beekeepers to document nectar flow aroun
42、d the country.12. The researchers found the virus A. with the help of colony collapse disorder B .by researching the causes of bee death C. with the help of a map of honey bee genes D. with the help of a scientist of NASA13. What is the passage mainly about? A. American beekeeping industry has been
43、strongly influenced by the bee disorder. B. Studies are being carried out on the causes of the bee disorder，but questions remain. C. How the causes of the bee disorder in U. S. have been found. D. The bee production in U. S. is down because of Israeli acute paralysis virus.14. How many possibilities
44、 may be involved in the bee disorder according to the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.15. We can infer from the passage that A. Israeli acute paralysis virus should be responsible for the disorder B. the solution to the bee disorder will be found eventually C. American bees are more like
45、ly to defend themselves than Australian bees D. the crop and plant production in U. S. may be influenced by the bee disorderE New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarilyraise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of
46、 play，bridge players had increased levels of immune cells，according to the research reported lastweek. A researcher，Diamond，studied bridge players from a womens bridge club. She chosebridge players because the game includes skills stimulating a part of the brain called thedorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a rolein the immune system. The findings are based on blood samples drawn
