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人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionB教材全解.doc

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1、人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit4SectionB教材全解Unit 4 Dont eat in class.Unit 4 Section B教材全解1.go out 出去;外出【重点注释】go out意为“外出,出去”,此处表示“参加社交活动,外出交际(或娱乐)”。例如:Mary goes out a lot on Sundays.星期日玛丽应酬非常多。【拓展记忆】go out 的其他用法:1)意为“出去”。与go out意思相反的词组是come in,意思是“进来”。 词组:go out for a walk外出散步;出去散步;出去走走。go for a walk散步。take a walk

2、 散步。例句:lets go out to dinner.我们到外面去吃晚餐。He didnt go out yesterday.他昨天没有外出。Lets go out for a walk.让我们出去散步吧。Do you want to go out?你要出去吗?Please come in and sit in the chair.请进来坐在这把椅子上。2)意为“出国,移居(国外)”。例如:He went out to Australia two years ago.他在两年前移居澳大利亚了。3)意为“过时,不再流行”。Long skirts went out last year.长裙子去

3、年就过时了。out此处用作副词,修饰动词go,意为“外出”,其反义词是in。out还可意为“不在家”。例如:My father is out,but my mother is in.Do you want to speak to her?我父亲不在家,但我母亲在家。你想和她讲话吗?注意网络用语“你out了”表示“你落伍了”。【辨析记忆】out与outsideout副词意为“外出,出来”,其反义词为in。 He went out at 11oclock.outside副词意为“在外面,在户外”,其反义词为inside。 Go and play outside.2.on school nights

4、在上学的晚上【重点注释】night名词,意为“晚上”。与之相对应的名词day指“白天”。常用短语:on school nights在上学期间的晚上,on school days在上学的日子。例如:We usually get up at five on school days,and we cant go out on school nights.在上学的日子我们通常5点钟起床,在上学期间的晚上我们不可以外出。【拓展记忆】night前若有其他词修饰,如本短语school修饰时,指具体的某个晚上,表示具体某一天的晚上,只能用介词on。例如:on winter night在冬天的晚上;on Sun

5、day nights在星期天的晚上。Dont watch TV on school nights.在上学的晚上不要看电视。【比较记忆】若泛指在晚上,则用介词at,组成at night,意为“在夜晚,在晚上”,这是固定词组。例如:We can see the stars at night.夜晚我们可以看见星群。He studies late at night.他学习到深夜。in the night:在夜间。例如:I woke up twice in the night.我在夜里醒了两次。(at night=in the night,这两个没有区别,但一般没有at the night的说法)【比较

6、记忆】night与eveningnight晚上,夜里指天完全黑下来一直到第二天天亮这一段时间,尤指睡觉以后的夜晚。at night在夜里These animals come out at night.evening傍晚,晚上指从晚餐到就寝这段时间。in the evening在晚上We do our homework at 7:00 in the evening.3.practice the guitar练习弹吉他【重点注释】practice在此处是及物动词,意为“练习,训练”,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。固定词组:practice doing sth.意思是“练习做某事”,没有prac

7、tice to do sth.的说法。例如:I often practice my English in the morning.我常常在早上练习英语。He practices playing the violin every day.他每天练习拉小提琴。【试题链接】What do you usually do in the morning?I often practice English.A.speak B.to speak C.speaking(该题考查非谓语动词。句意“早上你通常干吗?我经常练习说英语。”。practice doing sth.意思是“练习做某事”,故答案为C。)【拓展记

8、忆】practice还可用作名词,是不可数名词,意思是“练习;实习;实践”。例如:an hours practice every day.每天一个小时的练习。Playing the piano needs a lot of practice.弹钢琴需要多加练习。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(谚语)【拓展记忆】practice有两种词性,一种是名词(.n),一种是动词(.v),都是“练习”的意思。practise只有动词词性,用法和意思与practice相同,所以一般情况下用practice代替practise。4.do the dishes清洗餐具【重点注释】dis

9、h此处用作可数名词,意为“碟,盘”,常用复数形式,其前常加the。do the dishes相当于wash the dishes,意为“清洗餐具”。例如:Linda often helps her mom do the dishes.琳达经常帮妈妈洗餐具。You must do the dishes before you go out.你外出前必须清洗餐具。Children should do/wash the dishes after dinner.饭后孩子们应该洗餐具。【辨析记忆】dish与plate:二者都是餐具名称,都有“盘,碟”之意,其区别:dish可泛指就餐时所用的餐具,包括盘、碟

10、、碗、杯、刀、叉等,特指较深的盘子。plate指较平的盘子、碟子,可用来盛汤,也可用来装菜。 注意:dish是盛西菜的大盘子,用餐者从那里端一些菜,放在自己的plate即平盘或碟子上;bowl意思是“碗”,cup意思是“茶杯”,glass意思是“玻璃杯”。【拓展记忆】dish还可用作可数名词,意为“一盘食物;一碟事物;一道菜”等。例如:a big dish of curry一大盘用咖喱做调味的菜。He likes cold dishes.他喜欢吃凉菜。5.help his mom make breakfast 帮他的妈妈做早饭【重点注释】help sb (to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某

11、事”;help后既可接带to的不定式作宾补,也可接不带to的不定式。例如:He often helps me (to)clean the classroom.他经常帮我打扫教室。【拓展记忆】1)help sb. with sth.意为“帮某人做某事”,with后跟名词或代词。例如:I often help him with/(to)do his lessons。我经常帮他做功课。2)help oneself to意为“请随便用(吃)”。例如:Please help yourselves to some fruits.请随便吃些水果。3)help用作名词,意为“帮助”,是不可数名词。例如:Tha

12、nks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。make breakfast意为“做早饭”,make breakfast=cook breakfast,make表示“做,制作”。例如:Lets make a model plane.让我们做个飞机模型吧。【辨析记忆】make与do:两者都有“做”的意思。make意为“生产,制造”,指用原材料制作成某种东西,或经过努力二做成某物。一般强调做的东西时make。Hes making a cake.do指进行一项经常性的或指定的活动,一般强调动作时用do。Im doing my homework.注意:make在不同的短语里有不同的含义:make t

13、he/ones bed整理床铺 make dumplings包饺子 make a noise制造噪音;吵闹 make friends交朋友 make rules制订原则6.before dinner在晚饭前;晚餐前【重点注释】before在此处作介词,意为“在以前”,before表示时间时,其反义词是after,意为“在之后”;before表示位置时,意为“在的前面”,其反义词为behind,意为“在之后”,与behind相对(相当于in front of)。例如:August comes before September.八月份在九月份之前。(表示时间)He is standing befo

14、re the door.他正站在门前。(表示位置)After work he went home.工作结束后他回家。(表示时间)Two soldiers are behind a wall.两名士兵在一堵墙后。(表示位置)He usually does his homework before dinner,and watches TV after dinner.他通常晚饭前做作业,晚饭后看电视。(表示时间)He sits before me,and I sit hehind him.他坐在我前面,我坐在他后面。(表示位置)【拓展记忆】1)before可作连词,意为“在以前”,连接一个时间状语从

15、句。例如:You must do your homework before you watch TV.你必须在看电视前先做作业。2)before可作副词,意为“以前”。例如:I never met him before.以前我从来没见过他。dinner表示“正餐”,可指中餐,也可指晚餐。一般不与冠词连用。例如:Will you join us for dinner?你来和我们一起吃晚饭好吗?I dont have dinner yet.我没有吃饭。【拓展记忆】dinner若具体指某一餐饭或受形容词的修饰,其前也可用冠词。例如:The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。I

16、never eat a big dinner.我的饭量向来不大。7.There are too many rules.有太多的规定(则)。【重点注释】too many意为“太多”,其中too用作程度副词,表示“太”,修饰形容词many,many后接可数名词复数形式,注意没有many too这一说法。例如:There are too many students in our school.我们学校有太多的学生。There are too many people on the playground.操场上有太多的人。【辨析记忆】too many,too much与much too的区别:too m

17、any太多的其后可接可数名词复数too much太多的后接不可数名词,还可修饰动词作状语,亦可作代词much too太much用来增强语气,后面常接形容词或副词例句:There are too many flowers in the garden.花园里的花太多了。I have too much homework this evening.今天晚上我的家庭作业太多了。He talks too much.他说得太多了。You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。This little boy is much too fat.这个小男孩太胖了。He drove much too fa

18、st.他开车开得太快了。【试题链接】We should not eat_ _ meat.A. too many B. much too C.too much D.many too(too many+名词复数;much too+形容词/副词;too much+不可数名词;D选项本身错误。因meat是不可数名词,故选C。)【试题链接】Why are you so tired these days? Well,I have homework to do.A. too much B. too many C.much too D.many too(too much+不可数名词;too many+名词复数

19、;much too+形容词/副词;D选项本身错误。因homework是不可数名词,故选A。)rule名词,意为“规则;规定”。例如:I dont think the rule is good.我认为这条规定不好。8.At 6:00 a.m.,my mom says,“Get up now and make your bed!”在早晨6:00,我妈妈说:“现在起床并整理你的床铺!”【重点注释】make ones/the bed意为“整理床铺”。9.After breakfast,my mom always says,“Dont leave the dirty dishes in the kitc

20、hen!”早饭后,我妈妈总是说:“别把脏餐具留在厨房里!”【重点注释】leave此处作及物动词,意为“留下,剩下,丢下,落下”,常与表示地点的介词短语连用,表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。其过去式是left。例如:I left my pen in the bedroom.我把钢笔落在卧室了。They are busy with work and always leave their son at home by himself.他们忙于工作,总是把他们的儿子单独留在家里。(leave one by oneself把某人独自留下;leave one+介词短语(表地点)+ by oneself把某人

21、独自留在) Take off your shoes and leave them outside.把鞋脱掉,放在外面。Do you leave the key in the reading room?你把钥匙忘在阅览室了?【试题链接】Dont _ _your parents at home.When you get there,please call me.A. forget B. forgot C.leave D.left(表示“把某物遗忘在某地”需用“leave sth.+地点”结构;又由该句为祈使句的否定句可知,谓语动词要用动词原形,故选C。)10.After that,I ran to

22、 school because I cant be late.At school,we have more rulesdont be noisy,dont eat in class那以后(洗完盘子后),我跑向学校,因为我不能迟到。在学校,我们有更多的规则不要吵闹,不要在课堂上吃东西【重点注释】more意为“更多的”,此处是many的比较级,修饰可数名词复数形式;more也是much的比较级,修饰不可数名词。例如:She has more books than I.他的书比我的多(他比我有更多的书)。He bought more milk.他买了更多的牛奶。noisy形容词,意为“吵闹的,嘈杂的

23、”,其反义词为quiet“安静的”。Their dog is too noisy.他们的狗太吵了。Dont be noisy!Be quiet,please.不要吵闹!请保持安静。The streets were as noisy as ever.街上和往常一样喧闹。【拓展记忆】noise不可数名词,意为“喧闹声,噪音”,make a noise吵闹,make much noise制造噪音;noisily副词,意为“吵闹地”。例如:You mustnt make a noise! 你不该弄出噪音来!Dont make so much noise.Dad is sleeping in the n

24、ext room.不要制造这么大的噪音。爸爸正在隔壁房间睡觉。There is too much noise outside in the street.外面的街上太吵了。My little sister is crying noisily.我的小妹妹正在大声哭闹。【试题链接】All the students are standing and laughing in the classroom and its _ _.A.noisy B. lonely C.quiet D.strict(noisy“嘈杂的;吵闹的”;lonely“孤独的;寂寞的”;quiet“安静的”;strict“严格的”。

25、由“所有的学生都在教室里站着大笑着”可知教室里很“嘈杂、吵闹”。故选A。)11.After dinner,I cant relax either.晚饭后,我也不能放松。【重点注释】relax此处用作不及物动词,意为“松弛,放松“,与rest或have a rest同义,第三人称单数形式是relaxes。例如:I just want to sit down and relax.我只是想坐下来放松一下。Lets stop working and relax for an hour.咱们停止工作,放松一个小时吧。He usually doesnt work but relaxes for a day

26、 on Sundays.他星期天通常不工作,而是放松一天。【拓展记忆】relax还可作及物动词,意思是“使放松”。例如:This song relaxes me.这首歌使我心情舒畅。A holiday can relax you after your exams.考试之后,放个假可以使你放松一下。【辨析记忆】relax,relaxing与relaxedrelax动词放松;使放松Playing games always relaxes me.玩游戏总是使我放松。relaxing形容词主要用来修饰物,表示“令人放松的”The film is very relaxing.这部电影令人很放松。rela

27、xed形容词主要用来修饰人,表示某人“感到轻松的”He is relaxed after listening to music.听完音乐后,他感到轻松。either此处用作副词,意为“也”,用于否定句句末。例如:He cant swim.I cant swim either.他不会游泳,我也不会游泳。【辨析记忆】either,too与alsoeither用于否定句常位于句末;前边可用逗号隔开too用于肯定句多用于口语,通常位于句末;前边可用逗号隔开also用于肯定句较正式用语,通常位于句中;放在实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后例句:Yesterday I didnt watch T

28、V and I didnt see the film,either.昨天我没有看电视,也没有看电影。I play football after school,too.=I also play football after school.放学后我也踢足球。12.I must read a book before I can watch TV.我在能看电视之前必须先读书。【重点注释】read此处用作及物动词,意为“读,阅读”。例如:I usually read storybooks after dinner.我通常晚饭后读故事书。【拓展记忆】read还可用作不及物动词,意为“阅读,朗读,读书”。例

29、如:Listen!He is reading.听!他正在读书。【辨析记忆】read,look,see与watchread通常指读书、看报、看信、看杂志等用大脑去思考,含有“阅读”之意look指有目的地看强调看的动作,是不及物动词;接宾语时用介词at,即look atsee指“看见,看到”,表示无意识地看见强调看的结果,是及物动词;“看医生,看电影”常用这个词watch“观看,细看,注视”,指非常仔细地、有目的地、全神贯注地“看”用来指注视移动着的物体,强调看的一个过程,有欣赏的意味,通常用于看电视、体育活动、比赛、节目、演出等。例句:Please read the new words toge

30、ther.请一起读这些生词。Look!Tom is over there.看!汤姆在那儿。Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。I can see many birds in the tree.在树上我可以看见有许多鸟。I often watch TV on Sundays.我经常在星期天看电视。13.I know how you feel.我知道你感觉怎样(我理解你的感受)。【重点注释】本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句,how you feel作know的宾语。如果一个完整的句子在复合句中充当宾语,那么这个句子就叫宾语从句。注意宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。例如:C

31、an you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?你能告诉我怎么才能到书店吗?He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪儿。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。feel作实义动词,意为“感觉”,属感官动词,后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,也可接现在分词(v.ing)作宾补,即构成“feel sb.do sth./feel sb.doing sth.”结构。例如:We all felt the house shake

32、.我们都感觉这所房子震动了。We all felt the house shaking.我们都感觉这所房子在震动。【拓展记忆】1)feel作实义动词,还可意为“觉得,认为”。例如:How do you feel about all these changes?你认为这些改动怎么样?2)feel作连系动词,意为“觉得”,其后跟形容词作表语。例如:I feel happy today。我今天觉得很快乐。He feels tired.他觉得很累。I dont feel very well today.我今天感觉不太舒服。I am feeling very well.我感觉很好。We all felt

33、 very worried.我们都感到很着急。另外,feel作连系动词,还表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常以被摸之物作主语。例如:Your hands feel cold.你的手摸起来很凉。14.Poeple always tell us,“Dont do this! ”or“You cant do that!”But think about it,Molly.There are a lot of things you can do.人们总是告诉我们,“不要这样做!”或“你不能那样做!”但是,考虑一下这件事,莫莉。【重点注释】think about考虑;思考。think of 考虑;关心;想起。

34、think over 仔细考虑。1)think about和think of这两个短语表示“考虑”、“对有某种看法”时,可以互换。例如:Dont think of(about)me any more不要再考虑我。Theyre thinking about(of)buying a new car他们正在考虑买一辆新车。 What do you think of(about)the film?你认为那部影片怎么样?2)think of表示下列意义时,一般不和think about换用:(!)想要;打算。例如:Helen,are you thinking of marrying Tom?海伦,你打算

35、和汤姆结婚吗?(2)想出;想到。例如:Who thought of the idea?谁想出的这个主意?(3)关心;想着。例如:Lei Feng was always thinking of others雷锋总是为别人着想。(4)想起;记得。例如:I cant think of his name我想不起他的名字。3)think about表示“回想过去的事情”、“考虑某计划是否切实可行”时,一般不和think of换用。例如:I often thought about what you said我常常想到你说过的话。Ill think about your suggestion,and giv

36、e you an answer tomorrow我要考虑一下你的建议,明天给你答复。4)think over意为“仔细考虑”。例如:Think it over,and youll find a way仔细考虑一下,你就会有办法的。We need several days to think this matter over我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。注意think over跟代词作宾语时,代词要放在中间,而think about要放在后面。例如:The dress is so expensive, Ill _ it .A think B think about C think of

37、 D think over(选B.因为about是介词,接代词宾语时要说 think about it;over是副词,接代词宾语时要说 think it over 。动介词组的特点是:宾语一律放在词组后面。动副词组的特点是:宾语是名词时,宾语放词组中间或词组后均可。如 put on your coat = put your coat on 。当宾语是代词时,宾语只能放词组中间。如 put it on)a lot of things是一个名词短语,you can do是一个定语从句,起着修饰限定名次things的作用。例如:There are a lot of clothes you can

38、wear.有许多衣服你可以穿。There are a lot of songs you can sing.有许多歌曲你可以唱。15.Parents and schools are sometimes strict ,but remember,they make rules to help us.父母和学校有时是严格的,但是记住,他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。【重点注释】strict形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”,在句中作表语或定语。例如:Our head teacher is very strict(作表语),but we still need many strict(作定语) rules.我们

39、的班主任非常严格,但是我们还需要许多严格的制度。She is a strict teacher.她是一个严格的老师。Mr. Smith is very strict with his children.史密斯先生对他的孩子们要求十分严格。【比较记忆】be strict with与be strict in be strict with sb.with后跟“人”,意为“对某人要求严格;对某人严格要求”My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求非常严格。be strict in sth.in后跟“事”,意为“对某事要求严格;在某方面严格要求”Our teacher i

40、s strict in his work.我们老师对他的工作要求严格。be strict in doing sth.in后跟v.ing,意为“对做某事严格要求;在做某事方面要求严格”We should be strict in doing our work.对工作我们应该严格要求。remember是及物动词,意为“记住,记起”;其反义词是forget,意为“忘记”。Remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语,本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。例如:I cant remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。Do you rem

41、ember that day?你还记得那天吗?You remember why you love them.你记住你为什么爱他们。【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sthremember to do sth.记得要去做某事,说明事情还没有做,相当于dont forget to do sth.Remember to telephone me when you arrive there.记着打remember doing sth记得做过某事,说明事情已经做过I remember seeing her in the city.记得见过她例句:Remem

42、ber to post the letter for me.记住给我邮这封信。I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。【试题链接】Remember _ _ off the lights when you leave the room,please.A.to turn B. turning C.turn (句意:你离开房间时,请记得关灯。Remember to do sth.记得去做某事,这件事情还没有做;remember doing sth.记得做过的事情,这件事情已经做过。根据句意,选择答案A。)16.We have to follow them.我们不得不遵

43、守它们。【重点注释】follow及物动词,意为“遵循,遵守;听懂”;follow the rules意为“遵守规则”。例如:We should follow the traffic rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。Do you follow me?你能听懂我的话吗?【拓展记忆】follow既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,表示“跟随”。例如:Monday follows Sunday.星期一在星期日之后。You go first and Ill follow (you) later.你先走,我随后就来。【辨析记忆】follow表达“跟随”之意时,不要按照汉语习惯乱用,而应根据情况来表达意

44、义。1)follow表达“跟随”这一概念,本身含有“在后”之意,其后不用加behind。例如:我跟他去了车站。(误)I followed behind him to the station.(正) I followed him to the station.2)follow表达“跟着某人做某事”这一概念时,不要根据汉语习惯直译为“follow sb. to do sth.”,而应根据情况选用适当的句型。例如:我跟他去了车站。(误)I followed him to go to the station.(正) I followed him to the station.我跟着他读生词。(误)I

45、followed him to read the new words.(正) I read the new words after him.17.I have to /must keep my hair short.我不得不/必须留短发。【重点注释】keep用作及物动词,可用于“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使保持/处于某种状态/情况;保持”,其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语以及v.ing等充当。例如:We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。Keep the children away from the fire,please

46、.请让孩子们远离火。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.坏天气使我们不能出门。He kept me waiting for half an hour.他让我等了半个小时。【拓展记忆】keep除上述所讲“keep+sb./sth,+adj./adv./介词短语/v.ing”结构用法以外,还有其他用法:1)keep作及物动词,可意为“保存”,后接时间段时,可代替borrow(借)。例如:How long can I keep the book?我可以借这本书多长时间?You can keep it for two months.你可以借它两个月。(此

47、处不能用borrow)注意keep还可意为“保留,留下”。例如:Wed better keep a seat for him.我们最好给他留个座位。He kept all the money in the bank.他把所有的钱都存入了银行。 2)keep作及物动词,可意为“遵守”,与follow同义。例如:Everyone must keep the rules.大家必须遵守规章制度。3)keep还可作连系动词,后接形容词等作表语。例如:You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾好你自己,保持身体健康。注意该结构是“keep+adj

48、.”,与上述所讲“keep+sb./sth.+adj.”结构的区别。4)keep常见的用法:keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事;使某人一直做某事 ;使某人持续做某事 ;让某人不停地做某事。keep doing sth.一直做某事。keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事;阻止 ;防止某人做某事。例如:The boss kept them working twelve hours a day 老板让他们一天不停地干十二小时的工作。We dont have time to keep playing the game.我们没有时间再玩这个游戏了。We should k

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