1、第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. Theterm “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout membersof the Church of _.【答案】England查看答案【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。2. Themost enduring shaping influence in American thought and American lit
2、erature was_.【答案】American Puritanism查看答案【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。3. Hard work, thrift,piety and sobriety, these were the _ values that dominated much of theearly American writing.【答案】Puritan查看答案【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。这些价值观
3、也影响了早期的美国文学。4. Many Puritans wroteverse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and _, rose to thelevel of real poetry.【答案】EdwardTaylor查看答案【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安布莱德斯特和爱德华泰勒。5. TheTenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by_.【答案】AnneBradstreet查看答案【解析】安布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著
4、名的诗人。其代表作是诗集最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up inAmerica ）。6. The Puritanphilosophy known as _ was important in New England during colonial time,and had a profound influence on the early American mind for severalgenerations.【答案】Puritanism查看答案【解析】清教主义，起源于英国,在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒构成了当时北美移民的主体，在新英格
5、兰北部更是清一色的清教徒。清教主义奠定了美国社会的基础，塑造了美国人的性格，从各个方面影响着美国社会。7. Bradford used aword “_” to describe the community of believers who sailed fromSouthampton England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts,in 1620.【答案】Pilgrims查看答案8. Bradfords workconsists of two books. The first book deals with t
6、he persecutions of theSeparatists in Scrooby, England, the second book describes the signing of the“_ Compact”.【答案】Mayflower查看答案9. Many Puritans wroteverse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward _, rose tothe level of real poetry.【答案】Taylor查看答案10. Hard work, thrift,piety and sobrie
7、ty, these were the _ values that dominated much of theearly American writing.【答案】Puritan查看答案11.Before his death, Jonathan _ had gained a position as Americas firstsystematic philosopher.【答案】Edwards查看答案12. Among the membersof the small band of Jamestown settlers was _, an English soldier offortune, w
8、hose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have beendescribed as the first distinct American literature written in English.【答案】Captain John Smith查看答案【解析】约翰史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21）因在北美弗吉尼亚州建立了英国第一个永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而扬名天下。他的关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述（A True Relation of Virginia）则是美国文学的“第一书”，其实也是整个美国历史的“第一书”。13
9、._ College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in1639.【答案】Harvard查看答案【解析】1636年100多名曾在牛津和剑桥大学受过古典式的高等教育的清教徒，在马萨诸塞州的查尔斯河畔建立了美国历史上第一所学府哈佛学院。14_ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown.【答案】Captain John Smith查看答案【解析】约翰史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21），新英格兰的舰队司令，是英国军人，探
10、险家和作家。他因在北美弗吉尼亚州建立了英国第一个永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而扬名天下。15. The General History of Virginia containsSmiths most famous tale of how the Indian princess named _ saved him fromthe wrath of her father.【答案】Pocahontas查看答案【解析】约翰史密斯在弗吉尼亚通史中讲述了他与印第安公主波卡虹塔斯（Pocahontas）之间的故事。公元1608年史密斯与当地印第安部落的一位叫波瓦坦的酋长谈判，这位酋长年轻的女儿波卡虹塔斯挽救了史密斯船
11、长的性命。16. William Bradfordhimself used a word “_” to describe the community of believers who sailedfrom Southampton, England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth,Massachusetts in 1620.【答案】Pilgrims查看答案【解析】威廉姆布拉德福德是普利茅斯的首任总督。1620年他率领100多名英国移民乘坐“五月花号”大帆船到达北美的普利茅斯。他把其率领的信徒称为朝圣者（pilgrims）17. In1620,
12、_ was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachusetts.【答案】William Bradford查看答案【解析】1620年威廉姆布拉德福德被推选为马萨诸塞普利茅斯的首任总督。18. The History of New England is apriceless gift left us by _.【答案】John Winthrop查看答案【解析】约翰温思罗普（John Winthrop） （1588-1649）, 美国殖民地领导人,马萨诸塞湾清教徒总督。他著名的作品是新英格兰史（The History of New England）选择题1. Am
13、ericanColonial literature is longer than any other literary period, which startedwhen the first settlers kept diaries and sermons and developed till _.（北二外2010研）A. the mid of 18th CB. early 17th CC. the end of 17th CD. the end of 18th C【答案】D查看答案【解析】美国殖民时期文学历经两个世纪，从17世纪初到18世纪末。2. Early in _,the Engli
14、sh settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts started the main streamof the American national history.（北二外2007研）A. 14th centuryB. 15th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 16th century【答案】C查看答案【解析】17世纪初，英国人在弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞定居，这也是美国历史的开端。3. Thefirst permanent English settlement in North America was established at _ （北二外
15、2009研）A. JamestownB. New YorkC. BostonD. Concord【答案】A查看答案【解析】詹姆斯敦是英国人在北美的第一个永久定居地。4. The first settlerswho became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them_.（北二外2008研）A. Quakers.B. AnglicansC. CatholicsD. Puritans.【答案】D查看答案【解析】早期来到北美的殖民者有不少是清教徒，因而殖民时期的文学深受清教思想影响。5. It isa
16、critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth, thatis, _.（北二外2008研）A. the ancient Greek myth of ZeusB. the British myth of the Saint GrailC. the Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD. the legend of the Sleepy Hollow【答案】C查看答案【解析】由于深受清教主义的影响，美国文学至少是美国的白人文学是建立在圣经伊甸园神话基础上的文学。6. The
17、common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the_.A. RevolutionismB. ReasonC. IndividualismD. Rationalism【答案】C查看答案【解析】美国价值观的核心是个人主义，因而，个人主义也成为贯穿美国文学史的主线。7. The ship “_”carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across theAtlantic. In December of 1620
18、, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth,Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic【答案】C查看答案【解析】1920年100多名清教徒前辈乘坐“五月花”号船到达美国马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。8. What style did theseventeenth century American poets adapt to the subject matter confronted in astrangely new environment?A. The style of their own
19、.B. The style mixed with English and Americanelements.C. The style mixed with native-American andBritish tradition.D. The style of established European poets.【答案】D查看答案【解析】17世纪美国诗人大多沿袭英国诗歌的风格。9. Anne Bradstreet wasa Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known asthe _ who
20、 appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse【答案】B查看答案【解析】安布拉德斯特里特被誉为“美国出现的第十个缪斯”。10._ was a civil covenant designed to allow the temporal state to serve thegodly citizen.A. The early history of PlymouthColonyB. The Magnalia Christi AmericaC. Mayflower CompactD. Freedom of
21、 the Will【答案】C查看答案11. In 1620 a number of Puritans came to settle in_.A. VirginiaB. GeorgiaC. MarylandD. Massachusetts【答案】D查看答案12. In the early 19thcentury American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left adeeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _.A. Puritan
22、ismB. RomanticismC. RationalismD. Sentimentalism【答案】A查看答案13. Early in theseventeenth century, the English settlements in _ began the main stream ofwhat we recognize as the American national history.A. Virginia and PennsylvaniaB. Massachusetts and New YorkC. Virginia and MassachusettsD. New York and
23、Pennsylvania【答案】C查看答案14. Thefirst writings that we call American were the narratives and _ of theearly settlements.A. journalsB. poetryC. dramaD. folklores【答案】A查看答案15. Among the earliestsettlers in North America were Frenchmen who settled in the Northern Coloniesand along the _ River.A. St. LouisB.
24、St. LawrenceC. MississippiD. Hudson【答案】B查看答案16. Whose reports ofexploration, published in the early 1600s, have been regarded as the firstdistinct American literature written in English?A. John WinthropsB. John SmithsC. William BradfordsD. Christopher Columbuss【答案】B查看答案17. Somewhere in themiddle of
25、the Atlantic Ocean _ delivered his sermon A Model ofChristian Charity. It became his important work.A. John WinthropB. Michael WigglesworthC. William BradfordD. Thomas Hooker【答案】A查看答案18. Whoamong the following translated the Bible into the Indian tongue?A. Roger WilliamsB. John EliotC. Cotton Mather
26、D. John Smith【答案】A查看答案19. The best ofPuritan poets was _, whose complete edition of poems appeared in 1960,more than two hundred years after his death.A. Anne BradstreetB. Michael WigglesworthC. Thomas HookerD. Edward Taylor【答案】D查看答案20.English literature in America is only about more than _ years ol
27、d.A. 500B. 600C. 200D. 100【答案】C查看答案21. Theearly history of _ Colony was the history of Bradfords leadership.A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. New EnglandD. Mayflower【答案】A查看答案22. Theestablisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist _.A. John WinthropB. John SmithC. William BradfordD. John Goodwin
28、【答案】B查看答案【解析】约翰史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21）新英格兰的舰队司令，是英国军人，探险家和作家。其因在北美弗吉尼亚州建立了英国第一个永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而扬名天下。术语解释1.Protestants（天津外国语2007研）Key: Protestants refer to thosepeople who believe in Protestantism. Protestantism is one of the four majordivisions within Christianity. It is most closely tied to those groups
29、thatseparated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century ProtestantReformation. Protestant doctrine was also known in continental Europeantraditions as Evangelical doctrine. It typically holds that Scripture is thesource of revealed truth.2.American Puritanism（南开大学2008研；厦门大学 2011 研）Key: The
30、word Puritanism is originally used torefer to the theology advocated by a party within the Church of England. Theterm Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to the attitudes andvalues considered characteristic of the Puritans. It has been employed todenote a rigid moralism, or the conde
31、mnation of innocent pleasure, or religiousnarrowness adhered by the early New England Puritans. The American Puritanismas a cultural heritage exerted great influence over American moral values. Andthis Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable.In addition, a preoccupat
32、ion with the Calvinistic view of original sin and themystery of evil marked the works by such famous writers as Hawthorne and Melville.3.Literary Journals:Key:A journal is an individualsday-by-day account of events. It provides valuable details that can be suppliedonly by a participant or an eyewitn
33、ess. As a record of personal relations, a journal reveals much about the writer.While offering insights into thelife of the writer, a journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts.The writers impressions may color the telling of events, particularly when heor she is a participant. Journals w
34、ritten for publication rather than privateuse are even less likely to be objective. The European encounters with andconquest of the Americas are recorded in the journals of the explorers.作品分析题1.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and p
35、layed on the samestring.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voicesraise,And in their kind resound their Makerspraise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?Questions:（1） This is the ninth of the “Contemplations”written by an early American woman writer.
36、What is her name?（2） Make a brief comment on this short poem.Key:（1） Anne Bradstreet.（2） This short poem offers the reader an insightinto the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering into a new world. When thepoet, heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as theirpraising the
37、ir reator and searched her own soul accordingly. It is evident thatshe saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perceptionwhich was singularly Puritan.2.HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.Thy holy word my distaff make for me.Make mine affections thy swift fly
38、ers neat,And make my soul thy holy spool to be.My conversation make to be thy reel, andreel,the yam thereon spun of thy wheel.Questions:（1） Identify the poet of this poem.（2） Make a brief comment on this poem.Key:（1） Edward Taylor.（2） The poem indicates that the poet sawreligious significance in a s
39、imple daily incident like a housewife spinning.The spinning wheel, the distaff, the flyers, the spool, the reel and the yarnhave all acquired a metaphorical significance in the symbolic, Puritan eyes ofEdward Taylor.3.Identify the poem.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket b
40、ear a second part,They kept one tune, and played on the samestring,Seeming to glory in their little art.Shall creatures abject thus their voicesraise?And in their kind resound their makerspraise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?“Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm,Close state
41、I by a goodly Rivers side,Where gliding streams the Rocks didoverwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifid,I once that lov d the shady woods so well,Now thought the rivers did the trees excel,And if the sun would ever shine there would Idwell.”“While musing thus with contemplation fed,And thousan
42、d fancies buzzing in my brain,The sweet tongu d Philomel percht o er myhead,And chanted forth a most melodious strain,Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judg d my hearing better than my sight,And wisht me wings with her awhile to take myflight.”Questions:（1） This is taken from the Contemplat
43、ions written by an early American woman writer. What isher name?（2） Make a brief comment on this short poem.Key:（1） Anne Bradstreet.（2） These stanzas, written by Anne Bradstreet, istaken from her best known and most attractive poem, Contemplations. Thisshort poem offers the reader an insight into th
44、e mentality of the early Puritanpioneering in a new world. When she, the poet, heard the grasshopper and thecricket sing, she thought of this as their praising their creator and searchedher own soul accordingly. It is evident that she saw something metaphysicalinhering in the physical, a mode of per
45、ception which was singularly Puritan.4.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the samestring.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voicesraise,And in their kind resound their Makerspraise,Whi
46、lst I, as mute, can warble forth no higherlays?Questions:（1） This is the ninth of the “Contemplations”written by an early American woman writer. What is her name?（2） Make a brief comment on this short poem.Key:（1） Anne Bradstreet.（2） This short poem offers the reader an insightinto the mentality of
47、the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. When thepoet, heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as theirpraising their creator and searched her own soul accordingly. It is evidentthat she saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode ofperception which was singularly Puritan.简答题1. Whowas Anne Bradstreet? What were her l
