1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Learning about Language 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语,【探究寻规】 用所给动词的正确形式填空, 并指出其在句中所作的成分。 The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas _ (accept) unless they are truly novel. ( ) So Alexander became_ (interest) in helping deafpeople communicate and in deaf educa
2、tion. ( ) The _ (fall) leaves covered the whole road. ( ),accepted,interested,fallen,作宾语补足语,作表语,作定语,【语法精点】一、基础点拨过去分词(the past participle)是非谓语动词的一种重要形式。过去分词除了和助动词be/have/had等连用之外, 还具有形容词和副词的词性, 故可在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。,The broken window will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。There are some faded flowers on t
3、he table. 桌子上有一些凋谢的花。She looked disappointed at the bad news. 听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。I heard my name called when I was walking in the street. 我在街上走时, 听到有人叫我的名字。He told me he had his house repaired. 他告诉我他的房子修好了。,【名师点津】(1)过去分词作定语时, 如果过去分词是单个词, 一般放在名词前, 如果是过去分词短语, 要放在名词后。 (2)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别: 过去分词作表语表示主语的状态, 而被
4、动语态则表示动作。He is a teacher respected by all his students. 他是一个受他所有的学生尊敬的老师。The window is broken. 窗户破了。(过去分词作表语表状态)The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被汤姆打破了。(被动语态强调动作),二、难点突破1. have sth. done结构的三种不同含义。(1)表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”的意思。The patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备请/叫/让人量他的体温。(2)表示“遭遇某
5、种(不幸)事情”, 不说明“谁使(宾语)遭遇某事”。He had his leg broken. 他把腿摔断了。,(3)表示“完成某事”的意思, 这些事可以是别人完成的, 也可以是自己参与完成的。He had his computer repaired. 他的电脑修好了。,2. “with+宾语+过去分词”结构。在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中, 过去分词用作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系, 在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。He stood for an instant with his hand raised. (伴随状语)他举着手站了一会儿。The th
6、ief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back. (方式状语)这个贼被双手捆绑在背后带进了派出所。,With my homework finished, I went fishing with my father. (时间状语)做完家庭作业后, 我和爸爸去钓鱼了。With everything considered, his plan is better than yours. (条件状语)全面考虑的话, 他的计划要比你的好。,3. “make+宾语+过去分词”, 在这种结构中, 过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的
7、, 如understand, hear, see, know。They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English. 他们设法用非常简单的英语让别人理解他们。I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高嗓门让别人听见我。,【高考体验】 过去分词解题四步曲 1. 分清用谓语动词还是用非谓语动词; 2. 明确非谓语动词与其逻辑主语或宾语 之间的关系, 确定使用何种非谓语动词; 3. 确定该非谓语动词的时态和语态; 4. 作出正确选择。,1. (2013北京高考)When we s
8、aw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 解题关键: 空格处在句子中的作用 思路分析: 选D。考查非谓语动词。句意: 当我们看到道路被雪阻断了时, 我们决定在家度假。road和block之间是被动关系, 故用block的过去分词作宾语补足语。,2. (2012浙江高考)“Its such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table for customers. A.
9、 to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 解题关键: 正确理解the table与reserve之间的逻辑关系 思路分析: 选D。句意: 当母亲坐在为顾客预留的桌子旁时, 她说“这个地方真好”。此处考查非谓语动词作定语, table和reserve之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词。to be reserved表将来, having reserved不能作定语, reserving表主动进行, 均不合题意。,3. (2011重庆高考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside
10、the bed to keep himself of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 解题关键: 分清himself与remind之间的关系,思路分析: 选C。句意: 迈克尔在床边挂了一幅姚明的照片以便提醒自己记得自己的梦想。keep+宾语+宾语补足语(使处于某种状态), 由remind sb. of. . . (使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事)可知himself与remind之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系, 故选C。现在分词reminding表示和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系; to remin
11、d为不定式的主动形式, 表将来, remind是动词原形, 在句中作谓语, 不能作定语。,4. (2011浙江高考)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 思路分析: 选B。句意: 即便是最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字来表达自己。“find oneself +done”表示“感到自己被”, 由于空格处和themselves之间有逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。,5. (2011陕西高考)Claire had h
12、er luggage an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 思路分析: 选D。句意: 在飞机起飞前一小时, 克莱尔让她的行李接受了检查。“have sth. done”结构意为“某事/某物被做”。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为动宾关系, 故用过去分词checked作宾语补足语, 故选D。,6. (2011湖南高考)The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summe
13、r game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 解题关键: 弄清select在句中的作用是解题的关键 思路分析: 选C。句意: 这些从全国挑选出来的选手都被期待在这次夏季赛事中为我们带来荣誉。The players与select是动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。,易错误区: 选项A selecting, 表示与所修饰词之间为主动关系。有些同学误选A, 认为select这一动作的发出者是The players。因此, 在做题时要认真审题分析, 切勿马虎大意, 造成不必要的失分。,. 单项填空 1. (2
14、013吉林高二检测)Generally speaking, prices of daily goods through the Internet are lower than store prices. A. to buy B. are bought C. buying D. bought 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意: 总的来说, 从网上购买的日常用品的价格要低于从商店购买的价格。buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系, 所以应该用过去分词表被动。,2. (2013石家庄高二检测)Children to difficult situations are better at handli
15、ng those tasks. A. exposing; challenging B. exposed; challenged C. exposed; challenging D. exposing; challenged 【解析】选C。考查分词作定语的用法。expose. . . to意思是: 让接触。children与expose之间是动宾关系, 所以用过去分词作定语, 表被动; 第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词, 所以用challenging, 意思为“富有挑战的”。,3. (2013杭州高二检测)Most companies marketing effort is focused o
16、n getting customers, with little attention to keeping them. A. paying B. to pay C. paid D. having paid 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意: 大部分公司的营销工作以赢得顾客为中心, 而很少注意留住他们。本句的后半句是介词with的复合结构, attention和pay之间是动宾关系, 所以用过去分词表示被动。,4. (2013上海高二检测)They will have you if you dont pay taxes, because it is everyones duty to pay
17、taxes. A. arrest B. arrested C. to be arrested D. being arrested 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词的用法。have sb. done中, 过去分词表被动, 表示“某人被”。这里是被捕, 所以选B。而have sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事。,5. (2013九江高二检测)I noticed my little son _the words_on his small blackboard. A. read; writing B. reading; writing C. to read; written D. read; writ
18、ten 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意: 我注意到我的小儿子在读写小黑板上的单词。notice sb. do sth. “看见某人做某事”; words和write之间是被动的关系, 所以用过去分词作定语, 修饰words。故选D项。,6. (2013莱芜高二检测)Do you think you could get this parcel for me, please? Consider it done! A. to mail B. mailed C. mailing D. mail 【解析】选B。考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。mail和其逻辑主语parcel之间是被动关系, 所
19、以用过去分词, 构成get sth. done结构。,7. If Ive got nothing to share, I may leave my microblog _for weeks. A. to be touched B. being touched C. having untouched D. untouched 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意: 如果没有要分享的东西, 我可能好几个星期都不会打开我的微博。由句中的leave可知, 应用过去分词作宾语补足语。,8. (2013北京高二检测)University of Cambridge, in 1209, is home t
20、o a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意: 剑桥大学, 成立于1209年, 是许多杰出人物的母校。found与University of Cambridge为动宾关系, 因此应该用过去分词短语作定语, 相当于which was founded in 1209。,9. At the seventh International Ballet Competitions, Fernando Bujones won the firs
21、t gold medal ever to an American male dancer. A. awarded B. to be awarded C. being awarded D. should be awarded 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意: 在第七届国际芭蕾舞比赛中, Fernando Bujones获得了有史以来奖给美国男舞蹈演员的第一枚金牌。the first gold medal与award之间是被动关系, 且该动作已经发生, 故用过去分词短语作后置定语。,10. The 2012 Olympic Games in London appealed to a lot o
22、f people across the world. A. held B. having held C. being held D. to be held 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意: 在伦敦举行的2012年奥运会吸引了全世界的许多人。the 2012 Olympic Games与hold之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语。,11. You may be if you have a(n) problem. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. worrying; worried D. worried; worrying 【解析】选D
23、。考查非谓语动词。现在分词作表语, 多表示主语所具有的特征或性质, 意为“令人的”; 过去分词作表语多表示主语的状态。由语境可知答案为D。,12. (2013南阳高二检测)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes on the wall. A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed 【解析】选B。考查with的复合结构。her eyes和fix之间构成被动关系, 故使用fix的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。,13. Mary, I finally had some pict
24、ures from the camping tripand brought them to you since you lost your camera in the trip. A. print B. printed C. printing D. to print 【解析】选B。考查have sth. done结构。分析句子结构可知pictures与print之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词。故选B。,14. The brave soldiers were determined to save all the peoplein the field. A. trapped B. being tr
25、apped C. were trapped D. trapping 【解析】选A。句意: 勇敢的士兵们决定要拯救所有的被困在矿区的人。be trapped in困在, 陷入。trapped为过去分词作定语。,15. (2013福州高二检测)On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems paid special attention to. A. referred to being B. referred to be C. refer to being D. refer to be 【解析】选B。
26、句意: 在艾滋病日, 卫生部长要求所提到的问题应该特别关注。首先, referred to为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰problems; 其次, demand后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气should do形式, 且should可省略。因为该从句是被动语态, 故省略should后谓语部分为be paid special attention to。,. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 1. She caught the student _(cheat) in exams. 2. The books _ (write) by Mo Yan are popular. 3. When I got there,
27、I found the farm tools _ (repair). 4. The United States is a _ (develop) country. 5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _ (raise). 6. Everyone present is very _ (inspire) at his speech. 7. _ (compare) with the old one, the new buildinglooks more beautiful.,cheating,written,repaired,developed,raised,inspired,Compared,8. The workers had the machines _ (run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9. People in the south have their houses _(make) ofbamboo. 10. Have you noticed the bridge _(build) there?,running,made,being built,
