1、1construct vt. 1)建设，修建 The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed in 19331937. 金门桥建于1933至1937年间。 It took them two years to construct the building. 他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。,2)创立(学说等)，构(词)，造句 He constructed a theory with his colleagues. 他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。 I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support. 我毫
2、不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。,知识拓展 construction n. 1)U建筑，建造，施工 Work has been done on the construction of the new airport. 新机场的修建已经开始。 2)U建造(或构造)的方式 The hotel is of foreign style in construction. 那家旅社在建筑上有外国风格。 3)C建造物，构筑物，制成物 The building is a construction of wood. 这是木质结构的建筑。,活学活用 Its dangerous to get close to the
3、 building_. Aunder construction Bbuilt Cbeen built Dconstructing 答案：A,2contribute v. 1)(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助 The writer personally contributed $50,000 to the earthquake fund. 那位作家亲自捐赠了五万美元给地震基金。 Would you like to contribute to our collection? 你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？,2)(to sth.)是的原因之一 Medical
4、negligence was said to have contributed to her death. 据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？,3)(sth.)to sth.增加，增进，添加(到某物) Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。 4)(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿，投稿
5、She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines. 她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。,知识拓展 1)contribution n. C捐款；捐资 All contributions will be gratefully received. 我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 C, usually sing.贡献；促成作用 These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents. 这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。 U捐
6、助；捐赠；(尤指)捐款 We rely entirely on voluntary contribution. 我们全靠自愿捐款。,2)contributor n. (杂志或书的)撰稿人，投稿人，(电台、电视节目中的)嘉宾，(会议的)发言人 Mr. Smith is a regular contributor to China Daily. 史密斯先生是中国日报的一位普通的撰稿人。 捐款人，捐助人，捐赠者，作出贡献者 Older people are important contributors to the economy. 老一辈人为发展经济作出了重要贡献。,活学活用 Eating too
7、 much fat can_ heart disease and high blood pressure. Arelate to Bcontribute to Cattend to Ddevote to The signing of such a treaty would be a major_ towards world peace. Acontribution Beducation Cexamination Dinformation,答案：B A 考查动语短语辨析。句意：吃太多的高脂肪食品会引起心脏病和高血压。relate to 涉及；contribute to 促成，引起；attend
8、to 照料；devote to 献身于。只有选项B符合句意。 考查名词辨析。句意：签订这样的一项条约是对世界和平的重大贡献。contribution 贡献；education教育； examination 考试；information 信息。只有contribution 符合句意。,3terrify v. 使恐惧，使十分害怕，使惊吓 He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了孩子。 The thunderstorm terrified the child. 雷雨把那个小孩吓坏了。,知识拓展 1)terrified adj.(of
9、 sb./sth.)|(of doing sth.)|(at sth.)|(that.)恐惧，很害怕 Im terrified of losing you. 我真害怕失去你。 She was terrified at the thought of being alone. 她一想到孤零零的独自一人就惊恐不安。 He was terrified (that) he would fall. 他很害怕会跌倒。 He eased himself along the ledge to reach the terrified boy. 他小心翼翼地沿着突出的檐向那惊惶失措的男孩靠近。,2)terrifyi
10、ng adj. 极大的，可怕的 The tidal wave formed a terrifying wall of water. 海啸形成一堵骇人的水墙。 That must have been a terrifying experience for you. 对你来说，那一定是一次非常可怕的经历。,活学活用 单句改错 The child was terrifying of being left alone in the house. _ 答案：把terrifying改为terrified,4inspire v. 1)sb.(to sth.)|sb. to do sth.激励，鼓舞 His
11、superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 50 win. 他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以50大获全胜。 Such a development inspired us to work still harder. 这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。,2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示 His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。 His best music was inspired by the memory of
12、his mother. 他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。,3)sb.(with sth.)|sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感) The falling leaves inspired her with sadness. The falling leaves inspired sadness in her. 落叶触动了她的伤感。 His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence. 他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。,知识拓展 1)
13、inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的 Its an inspired work of art. 这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。 He is an inspired poet. 他是一位富于灵感的诗人。,2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的 The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students. 那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。 The songs we heard last night were most inspiring. 昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。,活学活用 完成句子 我
14、希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。 I hope this success will_ _ _greater efforts. 答案：inspire you to,1come to an end 结束 The meeting came to an end at last. 会议终于结束了。 All good things must come to an end. 一切好事迟早都会结束(天下没有不散的宴席)。 He has come to the end of his money. 他的钱花完了。,知识拓展 1)to an end结束，终止 He brought his job to an end.
15、 他结束了工作。 The performance is drawing to an end. 演出接近尾声。,2)at an end结束，完毕 My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow. 我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。 Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end. 我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果。,3)put an end to结束，终止 The rain put an end to our basketball.
16、 雨使我们的篮球赛停止了。 Can you put an end to that kind of gossip? 你能不能别再说那种闲话？ 4)end with以结束 The book ends with a conclusion. 这本书以一个结论作为结束。 He worked hard so as to end the task with success. 他努力工作，以求胜利完成任务。,活学活用 完成句子 会议结束了。 The meeting_ _ _ _. 答案：came to an end,2apart from 除之外；此外 Apart from a few scratches,
17、the car was undamaged. 除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏。 词语辨析 besides/except/except for/apart from (1)besides 意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义。表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分也包括在内。 Are there anyone else we know at the party besides Will and Janet? 除了威尔和珍妮特之外，聚会上还有我们认识的人吗？,(2)except 意为“除了之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在内。 You can have any of the c
18、akes except this one. 除了这块蛋糕外，你可以拿任何一块。 (3)except for 意为“除之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思。 The roads were empty except for a few cars. 除了几辆小汽车之外，马路上空荡荡的。,(4)apart from 具有多重意思，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for。 Apart from his nose, he is quite goodlooking. 除了鼻子外，他哪儿都好看。 Apart from the injuries to his face an
19、d hands，he broke both legs. 他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。,活学活用 _ the price, the dress doesnt suit me either, because I like a red one. AApart from BBecause of CExcept for DExcept 答案：A 从语境可知“除了价格之外颜色也不适合”。句意：除了价格之外，这个衣服也不适合我，因为我喜欢红色的。apart from 除之外(还)。,3make up ones mind 作出决定，下决心 Theyre both beautifulI cant m
20、ake up my mind. 两个都很漂亮我难以决定。 He made up his mind to study hard. 他下定决心刻苦学习。,知识拓展 make up 1)编造故事(或谎言等) The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。 2)组成，构成 Women make up 40% of the student numbers. 女生占学生人数的40%。 3)化妆，化装 She made up her face to look prettier. 她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。,4)补上(失去的东西)，作出
21、补偿 Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? 我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？,高考链接 (2008浙江)American Indians_about five percent of the US. population. Afill up Bbring up Cmake up Dset up 答案：C 考查动词短语。句意：美国印第安人占美国人口的百分之五。make up形成，构成；编造；化妆；作出补偿；fill up 填补，装满；bring up 培养，教育；set up 设立，树立。,活学活
22、用 (2005江苏)Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and_jokes. Aturning up Bputting up Cmaking up Dshowing up (2000上海春) Happily for Johns mother, he is working harder to_his lost time. Amake up for Bkeep up with Ccatch up with Dmake use of 答案：C A,过去分词作定语和表语 .过去分词作定语 1作定语的过去分词
23、相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。,The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义) Did you accept the invitation given by the tour
24、guide? 你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义),2过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given, left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：,We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 Who were the guests invited (Who had
25、 been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？ Hurry up; we have little time left. 赶快点，我们剩下的时间不多了。 Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？,知识拓展1 1)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success. 这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。 The book, written(which was written)i
26、n 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。,2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The students went out of the examination spot with disappointed expression. 学生们带着失望的表情离开了考场。 Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out excited sho
27、uts. 听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。,知识拓展2 1)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表达动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不作定语。 Do you know the woman sitting at the end of the room? 你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？ The excited children forgot to take the presents to
28、the party.孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。,The tall man is a returned student. 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。,3)不定式作定语 通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。 I have a lot of
29、work to do. 我有许多事要做。 Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们的班长是第一个到达的人。,.过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。 He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。,
30、知识拓展1 常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tired (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); su
31、rprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。,知识拓展2 1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。 The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。,2)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care
32、of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 What they are worried about is being left behind. 他们所担心的是被落在后面。,3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。 The aim is not just to keep busy. 其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。 He appears
33、to want to leave. 他看来要走。,知识拓展3 1)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较： The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by him. 杯子被他打破了。(被动语态) All the doors are locked. 所有的门都锁着。(表状态) All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(表示被动动作),2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。 The city
34、is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城三面环山。 Im pleased with(by/at)what you said just now. 听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。,高考链接 1(2008湖南)The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road. Abeing blown down Bblown down Cblowing down Dto blow down 答案：B 考查过去分词作定语。blown down为过去分词修饰the trees。 The trees blown down
35、 in the storm相当于The trees which were blown down in the storm。,2(2008福建)Can those_at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. Aseat Bsit Cseated Dsat 答案：C 本题考查了过去分词作定语的用法。句意为“那些坐在教室后面的同学能够听见我说话吗？”seat为及物动词，使某人就坐应为seat sb. 所以应用过去分词形式做定语，如果用sit，则用现在分词sitting。,3(2008江西)We finished the run in less
36、than half the time_. Aallowing Bto allow Callowed Dallows 答案：C 过去分词做后置定语，修饰time，表明time和allow之间的被动关系。,4(2008浙江)It is one of the funniest things_on the Internet so far this year. Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound 答案：D 考查过去分词作后置定语。现在分词的主动式，即A项，表主动、正在进行；现在分词一般被动式，即B项表被动、正在进行；不定式C项表将来；过去分词D项表被动、完成。句意
37、：这是到目前为止今年在网上发现的最好笑的事情之一。由句意和so far可知，动作已发生，故选D项。,5(2009江苏)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers, almost three times the number hired last year，_ reduce unemployment pressures. Ahelp Bto have helped Cto help Dhaving helped 答案：C 考查非谓语动词。去掉a
38、lmost three times the number hired last year不难看出此处应用不定式短语表示目的。,6(2009山东)We are invited to a party_in our club next Friday. Ato be held Bheld Cbeing held Dholding 答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，因此用不定式的被动式作定语。故选A。,1(2009天津)_the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. ACom
39、pleting BHaving completed CTo have completed DTo complete 答案：D 考查非谓语动词做状语。本题题意：为了及时完工，员工们周末在加班。只有不定式才表示目的状语。,2(2009天津)_by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. ABeing encouraged BEncouraging CEncouraged DHaving encouraged 答案：C 考查非谓语动词做状语。此时考虑句子的主语和这个动词的关系，本句中
40、encourage与many famers构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以排除B项和D项，它们表示主谓关系；A项和C项都表被动， C项还表示完成；A项还表示正在进行。由句意“受到新科技的鼓舞后，许多农民在地里建起了农场”知，选C项。,3(2009安徽)The play_next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced 答案：C 考查了不定式作后置定语。由句中时间状语next month可以看出指将来时间，又因为play
41、和produce是被动关系，故选用不定式的被动语态。,4(2009辽宁)When we visited my old family home, memory came_back. Aflooding Bto flood Cflood Dflooded 答案：A 考查伴随状语用法。flood使大受感动；充满。flooding back 做伴随状语，句意：当我们回到老家时，往事涌上心头。,5There are hundreds of visitors_in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. Awaited
42、 Bto wait Cwaiting Dwait 答案：C 句意：为了欣赏梵高的油画作品，数百名参观者在画廊前等候。在There be句型中，常常采用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰句子的主语，相当于一个谓语部分采用进行时态的定语从句。,6The repairs cost a lot，but its money well_. Ato spend Bspent Cbeing spent Dspending 答案：B 句意：维修花费巨大，但花费这笔钱值得。本题考查非谓语动词作定语；由于动词spend与所修饰的名词money之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，并且动作已经完成，所以采用过去分词作定语。,7When
43、 the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians_jewellery made of animal bone greeted them warmly. Awearing Bto wear Cworn Dhaving worn 答案：A 句意：当最初的英国殖民者抵达新大陆时，佩戴着动物骨骼所制成的首饰的印第安人热情地接待了他们。本题考查现在分词作定语，表示一个与谓语动作同时发生的主动动作；相当于定语从句who were wearing jewellery made of animal bone。,8Linda wo
44、rked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，_as 3M. Aknowing Bknown Cbeing known Dto be known 答案：C 句意：琳达就职于知名的3M公司明尼苏达州机械制造及矿业公司。本题考查过去分词作定语。known as 3Mwhich is known as 3M；注意，此类过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的系表结构时，前面不加being。,9A man being questioned is in relation to the_murder last night. Aadv
45、ised Battended Cattempted Dadmitted 答案：C 句意：正在接受审讯的男子与昨晚的未遂谋杀案有关。attempted (adj.)“未遂的”；例如：He was charged with attempted robbery.他被控以意图抢劫罪。,10(2007浙江)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle_. Ato be heard Bto have heard Chearing Dbeing heard 答案：A 句意：表示被为，struggle to do 固定
46、搭配，因此应为struggle to be heard。,11The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_as the plane was making a landing. Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating 答案：C 句意：飞机着陆时，飞行员要求所有的乘客坐着别动。动词seat以及 hide, dress, marry, station等动词常常采用过去分词形式与系动词连用，表示一个主动的动作。,12The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attr
47、act the visitors to the beauty of nature. Ato smell Bsmelling Csmelt Dto be smelt 答案：B 句意：植物园里散发着芳香的鲜花吸引游客前来欣赏自然美景。本题考查现在分词作定语。smell以及 taste, sound, feel, look等系动词，后面通常接形容词作表语；它们不用于进行时态，没有被动语态，采用主动形式表示被动含义。因此采用现在分词smelling作定语，修饰the flowers。,13Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures_in your mind instead of before your eyes. Ato form Bform Cforming Dhaving formed 答案：C 句意：阅读是完全不同于观看电视节目的一种体验。情景形成于脑海中，而非在眼前。在There be句型中，主语后通常采用现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的动作。在本考题中，pictures forming in your mind相当于pictures which/that form in your mind。,
