1、2018 年英语专业八级真题听力 Mini-lecture 原文(1)Language and Humanity语言和人类Good morning, everyone.大家早上好。In todays lecture, were going to discuss the relationship between language and humanity. As we all know, language is very powerful.在今天的课上，我们将讨论语 言和人类之间的关系。众所周知，语言是非常强大的。It allows you to put a thought from your
2、mind directly in someone elses mind.它可以让你把你的想法直接放在别人的大脑里。Languages are like genes talking, getting things they want.语言就像会说话的基因，得到他 们想要的东西。And you just imagine the sense of wonder in a baby when it first discovers that, merely by uttering a sound, it can get objects to move across a room as if by mag
3、ic, and maybe even into its mouth.你可以想象，当一个婴儿第一次 发现， 仅仅通过发出一个声音，它就能让物体像中了魔法一样在房间里移动，甚至可能进 入它的嘴里。Now we need to explain how and why this remarkable trait, you know, humans ability to do things with language, has evolved, and why did this trait evolve only in our species?现在我们需要解释这个显著的特征，也就是人 类用语言做事的能力
4、，是如何进化的，为什么进化，为什么这个特征只在我 们人类身上进化？In order to get an answer to the question, we have to go to tool use in the chimpanzees.为了得到这个问题的答案，我 们必须研究黑猩猩的工具使用。Chimpanzees can use tools, and we take that phenomenon as a sign of their intelligence.黑猩猩可以使用工具，我们把 这种现象作为它们智力的标 志。But if they really were intelligent
5、, why would they crack open nuts with a rock?但如果他们真的聪明，他们为 什么要用石头砸开坚果呢？Why wouldnt they just go to a shop and buy a bag of nuts that somebody else had already cracked open for them?他们为什么不去商店买一袋别人已经打开的坚果呢？Why not? I mean, thats what we do.为什么不呢？我是说，我们就是 这么做的。Language and HumanityGood morning, everyon
6、e.In todays lecture, were going to discuss the relationship between language and humanity. As we all know, language is very powerful.It allows you to put a thought from your mind directly in someone elses mind.Languages are like genes talking, getting things they want.And you just imagine the sense
7、of wonder in a baby when it first discovers that, merely by uttering a sound, it can get objects to move across a room as if by magic, and maybe even into its mouth.Now we need to explain how and why this remarkable trait, you know, humans ability to do things with language, has evolved, and why did
8、 this trait evolve only in our species?In order to get an answer to the question, we have to go to tool use in the chimpanzees.Chimpanzees can use tools, and we take that phenomenon as a sign of their intelligence.But if they really were intelligent, why would they crack open nuts with a rock?Why wo
9、uldnt they just go to a shop and buy a bag of nuts that somebody else had already cracked open for them?Why not? I mean, thats what we do.Language and HumanityLanguage is powerful and it can help us do or get things as we wish. Language as a born trait Language has evolved only in (1)_. Comparison b
10、etween chimpanzees and human beings:- Chimpanzees - use of tools : once seen as a sign of (2)_- inability to (3) _- tendency to (4) _- Human beings - able to improve and build on (5) _- able to (6) _ideas Language and social learning Problem of social learning : (7) _-Causes : - stealing others idea
11、s by (8) _-Solution:-(9) _developed to share ideas Results-(10) _made available to every individual -language as social technology to enhance (11) _Language and the modern world Existence of many different languages has led to - Separation of cooperative groups - (12) _- Knowledge protection - Slow
12、flow of ideas and tendency toward (13) _ Globalization needs (14) _. (15) _hinder cooperation. Solution : one world with one language 答案1. Human beings 、 our species 2. Their Intelligence 3. Learn from others 4. Repeat 5. Other peoples wisdom 6. Accumulate 7. Evolutionary dilemmas 8. Watching other people 9. Systems of communication 10. Knowledge and wisdom / accumulated knowledge 11. cooperation / benefits of cooperation 12. Establishment of identities 13. Isolation 、 keeping to ourselves 14. Communication 15. Different languages
