1、Noun clauses,review,What is a noun clause？,宾语从句,Object Clause,Henry say that he doesnt have ,I know who he is .,I dont remember when we arrived,Henry doesnt know what he should do.,I want to know if / whether the news is,I cant understand why the brothers made ,We are talking about whether we can co
2、mplete ,动词，动词词组（谓语）,连接词/连接代词/连接副词,宾语从句的引导词,连接词（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词连接副词,that if whetherwho(m), whose, what, whichWhen, where, how, why,观察：Henry say (that) he doesnt have any plans. She said (that) she didnt want to accept the gift. He claimed (that) he was responsible for the accident.,that,起连接作用；不作成分；无意
3、义；第一个that可省,whether / if,观察：He doubts whether / if I do it.I want to know whether / if the news is true.I am curious about whether he will come tomorrow.,起连接作用；不作成分，但有意义表“是否”,宾语从句中只用whether的情况： 1介词后2与or或or not连用3与to do连用,who(m) / what / which/ whose,观察： -Do you know who has won the game. -The book w
4、ill show you what a best CEO should do. -Nobody knows who he is. -Have you determined which you should buy , a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? -Naughty boy! Tell me whose child you are!,主,宾,表,宾,定,作主/宾/表 -谁,作主/宾/表 -什么事情/ 什么东西/ 的话等,作主/定/表 -哪一,作定语 - 谁的,when / where / why / how：,观察：I cant understand why t
5、he brothers made the bet. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.None of us knows where these new products can be bought.,时间 地点 原因 方式,什么时候 在哪 为什么 怎么样,He always thinks _ he can do his job better. 2. Life has taught us _ nothing is impossible. 3. I am curious about _ she is crying in the c
6、orner. 4. The students want to know _ they will have dictation today. 5. Life is like a box of chocolate. You never know _ you are going to get. 6. Know _ you are before you try.,that,that,why,whether/if,what,who,宾语从句引导词小结,that if/ whetherwhy/how/where/ whenwhat/who(m)/whose/which,不作成分，没有意义，可省,不作成分，
7、但有意义表“是否”,作状语-为什么/怎么样/在哪里/什么时候,作主，宾，表，定 什么东西、事情/谁/谁的/哪一,表语从句,Predicative Clause,表语（Predicative） 1、表语的语法意义：表语位于系动词后面，说明主语的身份，特征和状态,常见的系动词：,感官类：feel, look, smell, taste, sound（-起来） 状态类：be, remain, keep, stay(保持),stand(仍然) 变化类：become, get, turn, grow, go,come,表语从句的连接词 that(不可省), whether, as, as if/thou
8、gh, because，who,whom, which, what, whose，where, when, why, how,if不能引导表从,The fact is that I earned my living by myself. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. That is what I want to stress. The problem is who we can get to replace her. That is why weve given you the letter. Home is where t
9、he heart is. That was because he didnt understand me. It seems that we should answer for this. It appears that she was wrong.,表语从句引导词小结,that-whether-because/as / as if/as though-why/how/ where/ when-what/who(m) /whose/which-,无成分，无意义，不可省,无成分，有意义表“是否”,作状语-为什么/怎么样/在哪里/什么时候,作主，宾，表，定什么东西事情话等/谁/谁的/哪一,无成分，
10、有意义,His suggestion is _ we should stay calm. 2. The question is _ caused the accident. 3. The question is _ the thief got into the house. 4. What I want to know was _ he liked the gift given by us.,that,what / who,how /when,whether,主语从句,Subject Clause,When I was just a little girl, 当我还是个小女孩， I asked
11、 my mother, 我问妈妈， “What will I be? “将来我会变成什么样子呢？ Will I be pretty? 会漂亮吗？ Will I be rich?“ 会富有吗？” Heres what she said to me: 她对我说： “Que sera, sera, “世事不可强求 Whatever will be, will be; 顺其自然吧。 The futures not ours to see. 我们不能预见未来。 Que sera, sera, 世事不可强求， What will be, will be.“ 顺其自然吧。” When I grew up a
12、nd fell in love. 当我长大并恋爱了， I asked my sweetheart, 我问我的心上人， “What lies ahead? “我们将来会怎么样呢？ Will we have rainbows day after day?“ 生活每天都美好吗？” Heres what my sweetheart said: 我的爱人对我说： “Que sera, sera, “世事不可强求,Whatever will be, will be; 顺其自然吧。 The futures not ours to see. 我们不能预见未来。 Que sera, sera, 世事不可强求，
13、What will be, will be.“ 顺其自然吧。” Now I have Children of my own. 现在我有了自己的孩子， They ask their mother, 他们问我， “What will I be?“ “将来我会变成什么样子呢？ Will I be handsome? 会英俊吗？ Will I be rich?“ 会富有吗？” I tell them tenderly: 我轻声地回答： “Que sera, sera, “世事不可强求 Whatever will be, will be; 顺其自然吧。 The futures not ours to s
14、ee. 我们不能预见未来。 Que sera, sera, 世事不可强求， What will be, will be. 顺其自然吧。 Que Sera, Sera!“ 顺其自然吧。”,No one knows exactly _ the earth began, ,the universe began with a “Big Bang” _ threw matter in all directions. 3. _ it was to become was uncertain until 4. it was not clear _ the shape would last or not. 5.
15、 _ is even more important is _ as the earth cooled down, 6.It was not immediately obvious _ water was to be fundamental to the development of life,how,that,What,whether,What,that,that,7. _ many scientists believe is _ the continued presence of waterinto the oceans and seas. 8.They multiplied and fil
16、led,_ encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 9._ they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 10. They are putting too much CO2 into the atmosphere, _ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 11. So _ life will continue on the earth formillions
17、 of years to come will depend on _this problem can be solved.,What,that,which,Why,which,whether,whether,That the earth travels round the sunis a well-known fact. 2. It is uncertain whether the artist can do it or not. 3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet. 4. Where the young
18、man has gone is not known. 5. It is not yet decided when and where the test will be given.,主语从句的引导词,连词连接代词连接副词,that if / whetherwho(m), whose, what, whichWhen, where, how, why,1. _ he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 2. _ we will go for an outing tomorrow remai
19、ns unknown. 3. It is a pity _ we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer holidays.,That,Whether / Where,that,4. _ she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 5. _ he came from still puzzles all of us. 6. It happened _ I saw him yesterday. 7. It does not make any difference to me _ you d
20、o.,Whether,Where,that,what,8. _ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 9. _ they will have the sports meet is still a question. 10. It doesnt matter _ she looks like.,Who,When/Where/Whether,what,主语从句引导词小结,that if/ whetherwhy/how/where/ whenwhat/who(m)/whose/which,不作成分，没有意义，不可省,不作成分，但有意义
21、表“是否”；if不放句首,作状语-为什么/怎么样/ 在哪里/什么时候,作主，宾，表，定 什么东西事情话等/谁/谁的/哪一,这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用， 同时在从句中充当各种成分。,whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所的一切事或东西”、“任何的人”、“的任可人或物”等。如： 1. Whoever wants the book may have it. 2. Ill do whatever I can to help him. 3. Buy whichever is cheapest.注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：任何人来
22、都欢迎。 1. Who comes will be welcome. 2. Whoever comes will be welcome.,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.,That,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,Whether,if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的
23、主语从句。,3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.,What,that引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示“教授所说的”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain
24、 a question.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.,has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。,have,在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that从句”中，从句
25、要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。,(should) make,1. 他在找什么与你无关。,IV. 用主语从句翻译下列句子。,2. 他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。,3. 他是否能来仍然是个问题。,What he is looking for is none of your business.,That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.,It remains a question whether he will be able to come.,5. 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。,4.他们哪一个是
26、从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。,Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.,When the plane is to take off has not been announced. / It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.,主语从句注意事项：,1. 引导词 2. 从句的语序 3. 从句的时态问题,同位语从句,Appositive Clause,同位语从句,The thought that they could cross the whole con
27、tinue was exciting. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometers from coast to coast. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.,同位语从句同位的名词常有：news, fact, hope, idea, sugges
28、tion, promise, thought, doubt, belief信任/信仰, truth, request, proposal提议/建议, demand等抽象名词，常用that引导 。,同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,The news that Mr. Li will be our teacher is true.2. The news that he told me is true.,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句引导词小结,that whether why/how/where/ when/-everwhat/who(m)/ whose/which/-ever,无成分，无意义，不可
29、省,无成分，但有意义 表“是否”；,作状语-为什么/怎么样/ 在哪里/什么时候,作主，宾，表，定 什么东西事情话等/谁/谁的/哪一,这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用， 同时在从句中充当各种成分。,名词性从句引导词（主从宾从表从同从）,that if/whetherwhy/how/where/ when/-everwhat/who(m)/ whose/which/-ever,无成分，无意义，不可省(宾从可省),无成分，但有意义 表“是否”； (if不引导表从，同从，主从（句首）,作状语-为什么/怎么样/ 在哪里/什么时候/无论,作主，宾，表，定 什么东西事情话等/谁/谁的/哪一 /无论,表语从句的引导词还有：as if, as though, as, because,作业： 完成练习册语法部分练习,THATS ALL THANK YOU,
