1、句型转换,“句型转换”题，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。,句型转换主要包括以下几个类型：,1. 肯定句变否定句； 2. 肯定句变一般疑问句； 3. 变特殊疑问句； 4. 单数句变复数句 5. 变反义疑问句； 6. 陈述句变感叹句； 7. 变选择疑问句； 8. 同义句转换。,一、肯定句变否定句,1. His mother is calling the police for he
2、lp.His mother _ _ the police for help. 2. He can speak English well.He _ _ English well.,isnt calling,cant speak,肯定句在变否定句时，若原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, ) 和情态动词(can, may, must, need, should, would, might, had better等)时，不管何种情况，构成否定式时，一律在其后加not。,解析：,3. His brother does his homewor
3、k every day.His brother _ _ his homework every day.,doesnt do,原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any; too改either; already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。,解析：,4. He can read and write. He _ read _ write. 5. We can see some flowers in front of the house. We _
4、see _ flowers in front of the house.,cant or,cant any,既要否定谓语动词，又要变换句中的单词( and 一般要变为 or, some 变为 any, already 变为 yet, too 变为 either )。,解析：,6. 祈使句变否定,2）以 Lets 或 Let us 开头的祈使句，在变否定句时常在其后加 not 。如: Lets play with fire. Lets not play with fire. Let me try again. Let me not try again.,1）一般情况下，在句首的动词前加 Dont
5、 。如: Close the door. Dont close the door.,二、变为一般疑问句,将陈述句变成一般疑问句，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：连系动词be或助动词或情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他?【即：有三类动词（动词、助动词及情态动词）的直接把三类动词提到句首；没有三类动词的在句首加相应的助动词】,The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题)_ the policeman _ the boys not to play foot
6、ball in the street?答案：Did, tell,三、变为特殊疑问句,该类型的题目主要是考查学生对疑问句的结构，语序以及某些特定疑问句类型的掌握情况。解答这类题目，正确选择疑问词是关键：考生必须准确把握常见疑问词所提问题的侧重点。同时掌握疑问句的语序：（1） 当提问主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。（2）当提问其它成分时，则只能用一般疑问句语序。,将陈述句变成特殊疑问句时，常用的方法是：“一选，二移，三变，四代”。,被选择的疑问代词有： what, which, who, whose;疑问副词有： where, when, why, how;疑问副词词组有: how long,
7、how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。,“一选”就是选择疑问词,“四代”就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。,“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或情态动词移到句首。,“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。,解析：在原句中look是系动词，his father 指人 做look的表语，对其提问故用who。语序为一 般疑问句语序。根据时态是现在时因此助动词用does，系动词looks变为原形look.正确答案为：W
8、ho; does ;look.,1. 对表人的主语或表语提问时用who 语序分两种情况： （1）对主语提问时，语序为陈述语序。即：Who+谓语动词+？ （2）对表语提问时，语序为一般疑问句语序。即：Who+系动词+主语+？,For example:Tim looks like his father. _ _ Tim _ like?,解析：根据题意得知：划线部分做动词短语learn from的宾语，指人。故用特殊疑问词whom或who;在此注意的是第一人称的we变为第二人称的you.因此正确答案为：Whom/who ; should ;you.,(3)对表人的宾语提问用whom，口语中可用who
9、来代替。,For example: We should learn from Comrade Leifeng. _ _ _ Learn from?,解析：在本题中名词friend前是一个名词所有格，对此提问应用whose. 句式结构为：Whose+名词+一般疑问句语序？故正确答案为：Whose; friend.,2.对物主代词或名词所有格提问，用特殊疑问词whose,For example: The teacher is my brothers friend._ _ is the teacher?,解析：划线部分的短语是表地点的。因此对此提问用where。句式结构为Where + 助动词+主语
10、+谓语动词原形+？根据时态得知助动词为did。其正确答案为：Where ;did ;play,3.对地点提问用where.,For example:The little boys played football on theplayground yesterday._ _The little boys _ football yesterday?,解析：本题考查对定语的提问。故用特殊疑问词which+名词girl.正确答案为：Which; girl.,4.对定语进行提用 _。,which,句型结构公式：,Which +名词+一般疑问句语序？,For example:The girl who is
11、 reading English underthe tree is my sister. _ _ is your sister?,For example:(1) I arrived in Beijing last week.（对划线部分提问） _ _You arrive in Beijing?思路解析：划线部分last week是时间状语，对此提问用when,且为 一般过去时，故助动词为did.其正确答案为：When; did.,5.对时间提问 _ / _ .,when what time.,When是对不具体时间提问； what time是对具体时间（点钟）提问； 有时对具体时间提问也可用w
12、hen.,(2) We usually get up at half past five in themorning.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _You usually get up in the morning?,解析：划线部分是具体时间早上的五点半。因此用特殊疑问词what time.且时态为一般现在时，故助动词为do.其正确答案为：What time ;do.,解析：Monday是表示星期名称的词，对此提问 用What day.故正确答案为：What day.,6.对星期名称提问用 _ _ .,what day,句型结构,What day +一般疑问句语序？,For example:
13、It was Monday yesterday.(对划线部分提问) _ _Was it yesterday?,解析：在本题中划线部分是表示颜色的单词，对此提问用what color.结构公式为：What color + be/助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形？其正确答案为：What , color, does, like.,7.对颜色提问用特殊疑问词_ _ (什么颜色)。,what color,结构公式,what color +一般疑问句语序？,For example:She likes red clothes.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _She _clothes?,结构： （1）How ma
14、ny +可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句语序？（2）How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序？（3）How much +一般疑问句语序？（对价钱提问）,8.对数量提问有两个特殊疑问词：_ / _,how many how much;,how many是对可数名词前的数量进行提问； 而how much是对不可数名词前的数量进行提问。 除此之外how much还对价钱进行提问。,For example: 1There are forty workers in the factory.（对划线部分提问） _ _workers are there in the factory? 2. The co
15、mputer is 4980 yuan. . _ _ is the computer? 3.There is some water in the bottle. _ _ _ Is there in the bottle?,解析： 在（1）中workers是名词复数，对此提问用how many. 在（2）中划线部分是价格，故用特殊疑问词：how much。 第（3）题是考查对不可数名词前的数量提问，故用How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序？因此正确答案为：How; much ; water.,解析：本题对方式状语提问。对其提问用how。因原句 中的时态为过去时，助动词应用did .那
16、么第三空填went动词原形go.故正确答案为：How; did; go.,9.对方式，程度，身体状况的词提问用特殊疑问词 _。,how,结构：How + 助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形？,For example: They went to the Summer Palace by bus two days ago. _ _they _ to the Summer Palace?,解析：根据划线部分的题意得知间接的表示的是时 间段。因此应用how long.原句是时态为现 在完成时，时态不变。正确答案为：How; long; have,10.对时间段提问用how long.（多久）如：for +
17、时间段。since +句子。,For example:I have taught in a Middle School since I came here._ _ _ I taught in a MiddleSchool?,解析：本题是对将来的时间段提问，故用How soon,11.对将来的时间提问用how soon（多久） 如：in+时间段,We will finish work in four days. _ _will you finish work?,解析：该题考查“Henry 多久去看望 grandma 一次？故用how often.正确答案:How often.,12.对频率副词或
18、短语及单位时间内的次数提问用how often (多久一次),For example: Henry went to visit his grandma every six days. _ _did Henry go to visit his grandma?,解析：本题考查对距离的提问（大约十分钟的路程），对此提问用how far.答案为：How far.,13.对重量，距离，长，宽等提问用how.句型为：How + 形容词（heavy/far/long/wide.）,For example: Its about ten minutes walk from my home to school.
19、_ _ is it from your home to school?,解析：本题是对because引导的原因状语从句提问 应用疑问词why.答案为：Why didnt sleep.,14.对because引导的原因状语从句提问用why（为什么）,For example: Mrs. Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. _ _ Mrs. Read _ well last night?,解析：主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is 变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。
20、名词book由单数变为books复数形式。,四、单数句子变复数句子,1单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数，相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。,如： This is an English book.（变复数句子） _ _ _ English _,解析：根据句意得知woman在此修饰名词teacher,是表示性别的名词，因此两个名词同时变复数形式。故填：women; teacher.,2.在单数句子中，有表示性别的名词修饰名词时，变复数句子时两个名词同时变复数，不是表示性别的名词修饰时只变后面的名词为复数形式。,如：There is a woman teache
21、r in the office.There are some _ _ in the office.,五。 反意疑问句 1. 定义：在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简单问句，这种句子叫反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分之后用逗号，后一部分之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形式，同时它的主语必须用人称代词。,2.反意疑问句分为两类：,前一部分为肯定形式后一部分为否定形式。 前一部分为否定形式，后一部分为肯定形式。,3. 反义疑问句的答语。,不管反义疑问句的陈述部分是肯定的还是否定的，回答时要根据事实来回答。但yes后面必须跟肯定句；no的后面必须跟否定句。即：Ye
22、s + 肯定句No + 否定句 例如：1). - He is a scientist, isnt he?-Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.2).- You didnt have a meeting, did you?- Yes, I did. （不，我参加了。）- No, I didnt. （是的，我没参加。）,用法：,1. 陈述部分主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anybody, no one, nobody等时，其附加问句的主语强调全部时常用they； 强调个体时常用it.,例如：,Everyone is havin
23、g a good time, arent they?,Someone is waiting for you, isnt he?,2. 陈述部分是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问部分的主语用 it。,例如：,Everything is well, isnt it?,例如：,3. 陈述句的主语为there be结构时，则附加疑问句的主语必须为there.,There will be a meeting tomorrow, wont there?,4. 当陈述部分有had better时， 附加部分的谓语多用hadnt.,例如：,You h
24、ad better go home now, hadnt you?,例如：,5. 当陈述部分有have/has/had to 时， 附加问句的谓语要用do的相应形式。,They had to leave early, didnt they?,6. 陈述部分主语是this, that , these, those 时，疑问部分用it, they.,例如：,This is a useful book, isnt it?,That is a mountain, isnt it?,Those are yours, arent they?,These buildings are very beautif
25、ul, arent they?,7. 陈述部分有no , never, few, little, nothing, hardly, seldom, nowhere时, 疑 问部分用肯定.,例如：,She makes few mistakes, _ _ ?,He is never late for class, _ _ ?,They have no friends here, _ _ ?,There is little water in the cup, _ _?,is he,do they,does she,is there,8. 陈述部分是I am 或 Im 时，疑问部分用 arent I.
26、,例如：,Im a student, arent I?,9.祈使句的反意疑问句多用will you, 但以 Lets开头的祈使句，附加问句必须用 shall we。,例如：,Give me a hand, _ _ ?,Lets help Jim with his English, _ _ ?,Let me have a try, _ _ ?,will you,will you,shall we,10. 陈述句是主从复合句时, 如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词, 且主语是第一人称I时, 反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致, 同
27、时还要考虑到否定的转移。如：,I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, cant he?,例如：,She used to study in Chinese, usednt/didnt she?,11. 当分可用也可用。陈述句的谓语部分有used to时，附加问句的谓语可用used，也可用did.,Exercise,1. June is the sixth month of the year, _? 2. Wednesday is the third day of the week, _? 3. Jim Green is from Amer
28、ican, _? 4. Your mother likes seafood, _? 5. Your father goes to work by bus, _?,isnt it,isnt it,isnt he,doesnt she,doesnt he,6. David and Joy are brother and sister, _? 7. You sit in the middle of your class, _? 8. Jeff Green teaches English in Shanghai, _?,arent they,dont you,doesnt he,结构一: 前肯 + 后
29、否Be 动词：1. You are an actor, _ _ ?2. He is a good boy, _ _ ?3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ?4. You were studying when I called you last night, _ _ ?5. She is going to visit me, _ _? 6. I am Chinese, _ _?,arent you,isnt he,wasnt it,werent you,isnt she,arent I,小试牛刀,行为动词：1. It often rains here, _ _ ?2. H
30、e likes soccer, _ _ ?3. You have a headache, _ _ ?4. I called you yesterday, _ _?其它动词：1. You will go to America, _ _ ?2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ?,doesnt it,doesnt he,dont you,didnt I,wont you,havent we,三、特殊用法(一） 1. His mother is a doctor, _ _ ? 2. The dogs are fighting, _ _?There is a bo
31、y in our classroom, _ _? 4. There were many cars in the street,_ _ ? 5. There will be robots in our families,_ _ ?,isnt she,arent they,isnt there,werent there,wont there,三、特殊用法(二） 6. Sit down please, _ ? 7. Please call me, _? 8. Lets go home, _ ? 9. Let us go home, _ ? 10. Let me see, _ ?,will you,s
32、hall we,will you,will you,will you,结构二:前否 + 后肯1. You arent an actor, _ _ ?2. He isnt a good boy, _?3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ?4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ?5. His sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ?6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _?,are you,is he,does it,does she,was it,did you,7. You wont g
33、o to USA, _ _? 8. There isnt a boy in our classroom,_ _ ? 9. There werent many cars in the street,_ _ ? 10. Dont smoke, _ _ ?,will you,is there,were there,will you,二、选择题：,1.My sister doesnt like eating , _? A doesnt she B does she C do she D is she 2.Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboar
34、d , _? A did he B couldnt he C didnt he D could he 3.There is little milk left in the bottle , _? A is it B is there C isnt it D isnt there 4. Lets go to the park tomorrow , _? A will you B shall we C wont you D do you,B,D,B,B,5.Dont forget to feed the bird for me , _? A will you B shall we C wont y
35、ou D do you 6.Mike has to finish his homework now , _he ? A has B hasnt C does D doesnt 7.You have never been there before , _you ?A havent B have C do D dont 8.Everyone in our class likes English ,_ ? A doesnt it B isnt he C dont they D doesnt she,D,B,C,A,六、陈述句改为感叹句.,根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用 哪一种感叹句的形式
36、,英语的感叹句一般由what/how两个感叹词引导， 常用的句型有以下三种：,What + a(an) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他！,What + a(an) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数 + 主语+ 谓语 + 其他！,How + 形容词 /副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他！,例如：A：This is an interesting book. B：What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is!,七、变为选择疑问句,将陈述句变成一般疑问句，在问号前加 上“or + 所给的被选
37、择部分”。,根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：,八、同义句转换,1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。常见的同义词或词组有： (1)四个“花费”（spendtakecosttake）； (2)三个“到达”（get toreacharrive in/at）； (3)四个“收到来信”（hear fromget a letter fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter from）； (4)两个“擅长于”（be good at do well in）；,(5)两个“有空”（be freehav
38、e time）； (6)三个“入睡”（go to sleepget to sleepfall asleep）； (7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneselfhave a good time）； (8)“给打电话”（call sbtelephone sbring sb. a callmake a telephone to sb.） (9)“飞往”（fly togo toby air/plane） (10)“自学”（teach oneselflearnby oneself） (11)在方面帮助helpwithhelp (to)do (12)在差be weak indo badly in,(1
39、3)能/会canbe able to (14)更喜欢likebetter thanpreferto (15)充满了be full ofbe filled with (16)放弃干give up doingstop doing (17)不再 no longernot any longer (18)照顾/保管 take care oflook after (19)展览 on showon display (20)阻止干stopfrom doingkeep/preventfrom doing,常见的同义句型有 It seems that 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n I
40、ts kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of? There is something wrong with Something is wrong with notuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换,(21)由于 thanks tobecause of (22)举手hands upput up ones hands (23)最后，终于at lastin the end (24)与不同 be different
41、 frombe not the same as (25)从借入 borrowfromlendto (26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go toby bus/train/taxitake a bus /train/taxi to (27)乘自行车去 go toby bikeride a bike to (28)为感到自豪 be proud ofbe the pride of (29)步行去 walk togo toon foot (30)独自地 by oneself alone等。,Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike? It
42、s time thatIts time for sb. to do Its said thatPeople say that Can I help you? What can I do for you? How do you like?What do you think of?,注意： 这类题目首先要注意比较上下两句，找出需要 改动的地方，运用同义词或同义词组进行转换。还要注意把握两句的时态、数的单复和主谓一致等。,一、运用同义词或同义词组,1. I got a letter from my brother last month. = I heard from my brother last
43、month. 2.His little sister could dress herself when she was three years old. = His little sister was able to dress herself at the age of three.,1.A.The children are having a good time in the park now. B. The children are_ _ in the park _ _ _. 2.A.He spent thirty minutes in finishing his homework. My
44、 God. B._ _ him _ _ _ _ finish his homework. 3.A.Very soon the baby started crying. B. In _ _ the baby _ _cry. 4.A.What do you think of the movie you saw last week? B._ do you _ the movie you saw last week?,Exercises:,5.A.There is only an old chair in the room.B. Theres _ _ an old chairin the room.
45、6.A.Whats the matter with you, young man? B. Whats _ with you, young man? 7.A.Did you have any problems in workingout the math problem? B. Did you have _ in _the math problem? 8.A.Hell come to my birthday soon afterhe finishes his project. B. Hell come to my birthday _ _ his project is finished.,注意：这类题目可以否定句中的动词或形容词，是 两句意思相符。仍然要注意动词时态一致。,二、运用反义词或反义词组,1.She failed the English exam last time. = She didnt pass the English exam last time. 2.His house is near the school. = His house isnt far from the school. = His house is close to the school.,
