1、,Solving problems & seeking happiness,UNIT 4,Unit 4 Solving problems & seeking happiness,Learning objectives,人们收入很低的时候，对幸福的满意度也很低。身无分文的人对于幸福的满意度几乎为零。在0.25之前，幸福与金钱是正比关系，到了0.25以后，相关性就越来越小，直到最后两者基本上没有什么相关了。这一现象在经济学中被称作“金钱的边际效应递减”。,金钱心理学,Opening up,poverty, homelessness, famine, debt,pollution, poverty,
2、 famine, drug abuse, obesity, lack of drinking water,pollution, famine, drought, flood, lack of drinking water,homelessness, divorce, debt, domestic violence,Opening up,In my opinion, the environment issues can be more harmful to society. Water and air pollution affects the health of humans, animals
3、 and plants, resulting in cancer, death, birth defects, severe genetic change, etc. Climate change or global warming can cause more drought and flood, permanently changing the land and water supply that humans depend on for life. Our food supply would also be in danger because of environmental probl
4、ems, causing various other social issues.,Sharing,Listening,Viewing,Listening to the world,In this podcast, people are interviewed about whether they think money makes them happy, what things are more important to them than money, and whether wealthy people should be taxed more to support the poor.,
5、Listening to the world,Sharing,1 What does Val do?She is a producer for the BBC. 2 How does she feel about living in London?She likes living in London, but it can be quite expensive. 3 What is she going to talk to people about?Money and happiness.,Listening to the world,Sharing,1,2,3,4,5,Listening t
6、o the world,6,7,Sharing,1) brighten your mood 2) a nurturing environment 3) a stable family 4) health 5) Feel contentment 6) makes the difference 7) feeling satisfied with,Listening to the world,Sharing,Listening to the world,Sharing, 1 2 (He believes in a progressive system of taxation, which means
7、 he thinks that tax should be related to a persons income.) 3 (She thinks that poor people need an extra push and some extra money to get ahead, which means she thinks that poor people need help from the rich.) 4 (He agrees that rich people should be taxed more to help the poor.) 5,Listening to the
8、world,1. What do you think is the relationship between money and happiness?,In my opinion, money doesnt necessarily bring happiness. There are lots of rich people in the world who live unhappy lives. Happiness is just a state of mind, and it mainly depends on how you look at people and things. Howev
9、er, having money sometimes does make us feel a little happier because it can help us to gain what we want more easily.,Sharing,Sharing,Listening,Viewing,Listening to the world,Listening to the world,2. What is the happiest thing that has happened to you recently?,The happiest thing that has happened
10、 to me recently is that I met my best friend. She was in another city, and we hadnt seen each other for two years. Last month, when we finally met, we chatted so much and shared a lot of our lives. So, that is the happiest moment I have had recently.,Sharing,Listening to the world,1 phone camera,2 s
11、peed camera,3 CCTV camera,4 microchip,5 street level camera,6 number plate recognition,Listening,Listening skills,Listening to the world,Listening,Listening skills,Listening to the world,Listening,Listening skills,Listening to the world,Listening,Listening skills,Listening to the world,Listening,Lis
12、tening skills,Listening to the world,Listening,Speaker 1: e. street level cameras Speaker 2: a. number plate recognitionf. speed cameras Speaker 3: b. microchips Speaker 4: c. CCTV cameras Speaker 5: d. phone cameras,Listening to the world,Listening,Listening to the world,hotels or even cities,Liste
13、ning,Listening to the world,make money,has doubled,wherever he goes,X,X,what kind of food she eats,junk mail or adverts,Listening to the world,robbed,more crimes,have no need to worry,be more careful,sent to the newspapers,posted online,Listening to the world,1 Which of the police plans do you think
14、 would be most useful for cutting crime?,I think Plan 1) would be most useful for cutting crime. If the whole town is installed with CCTV cameras, some potential criminals may be discouraged from committing crimes, and if crimes do happen, the police can rely on CCTV cameras to get evidence and find
15、 the suspect(s). As for the other plans, I dont think Plan 2) would be very useful, and I really doubt Plans 3) and 4) can be easily carried out.,Listening,Listening to the world,2 How do you think the following groups of people would feel about the plans: the police, local residents, parents, and t
16、eenagers?, The police would think that these measures can help them cut crime. Local residents may feel happy about the first two plans. Parents may hold the same opinions as the local residents about the first three plans, but they may also warmly welcome the last plan. Teenagers will certainly hat
17、e the last plan, I guess, though they may not care about the other three.,Listening,Sharing,Listening,Viewing,Listening to the world,1 Do you agree that people are feeling less happy than before? Why or why not?,Listening to the world, Yes, I totally agree that people are feeling less happy now than
18、 before though their living standards have improved greatly. The main reason is that people now have to face more pressure, and cope with the fast-paced modern life. As a result, they feel anxious all the time and have no mood to enjoy life. No, I dont quite agree. To me, whether people feel happier
19、 or not depends on what age they are.,Viewing,2 Do you feel that nowadays it is hard for you to feel happy? Why or why not?,Listening to the world, Yes. Probably this is because as I grow older, I dont get excited easily anymore. When we were little, happiness could be something simple and easy, but
20、 now its hard for us to have this feeling, and we often ignore a lot of good things in our life. No. Im a very cheerful and optimistic person. Even if I fail to do something, I always choose to see the bright side. To me, there is no point being unhappy. It will only make things worse.,Viewing,Liste
21、ning to the world,1 What does the science of happiness say? D We should change our style of living. 2 What does the first interviewee want to tell us? B Wealth and happiness are not in direct proportion. 3 What does Mark Easton mean by “We are stuck on a treadmill”? A We try hard to get happiness bu
22、t fail. 4 What assumption should be re-examined? C Consumer goods can fulfill our various needs. 5 What message is implied by the video clip? D Our attitude toward wealth needs to change.,Viewing,1) rethink everything 2) Give it up 3) Transform 4) standard of living 5) Diminished 6) commute further,
23、Listening to the world,7) the opposite 8) slow down 9) take more leisure 10) economic growth 11) consumer goods 12) material possessions,Viewing,1 What do you think stops people from being happier as they become wealthier?,I think as people become wealthier, they also become more demanding and eager
24、, and they tend to lose their appreciation of happiness. They may just pursue material satisfaction brought by wealth. However, there is no end to such material pursuits. How can they be happy with such a state of mind?,Listening to the world,Viewing,2 What do you think people can do to make themsel
25、ves happier?,To make themselves happier, people should have a correct attitude toward money. They should realize that money is not everything. There are so many things in life that cant be bought by money, such as friendship and love. They should learn to feel content with what they have. If they ca
26、n do this, I think they will feel happier than they are now.,Listening to the world,Viewing,Speaking for communication,1) 3) dangerous 5) For 7) Downloading music for free 9) theft 11) without paying 13) For 15) file sharing,2) Against 4) frozen solid 6) health 8) Against 10) stealing from them 12)
27、make any money 14) CD sales 16) concerts,Role-play,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Cosmeticsurgery,Against,dangerous,frozen solid,For,health,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Downloadingmusic for free,theft,without paying,file sharing,For,Against,stealing from them,make any money,CD sales,co
28、ncerts,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Banning carsfrom city center,polluting than cars,perfectly fine,the environment,polluted,Against,a reduction in shop sales,For,electric buses, 1 Take the case of 2 In particular 3 such as 4 its a well-known fact that 5 Despite the fact that 6 like 7 For in
29、stance, 8 In the same way 9 its been shown that 10 According to ,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Speaking skills,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Speaking skills,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Speaking skills,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Situation 1 Talking about violence on T
30、V,A: Dont you think there is too much violence on TV? B: Well, Im afraid I cant agree with you. Thousands of people watch TV, but only a few people commit crime. A: OK. Youve got a point there, but . Its a well-known fact that B: I know what you mean, but I still think . A: Yes, you are right, but o
31、nly in a sense. Take the case of children. B: Fair enough, but to me, parents should take the responsibility to ensure their children avoid watching too much violence. A: Well, you can think that way, but Im still not convinced.,Speaking for communication,Role-play,Situation 2 Discussing whether exa
32、ms are necessary,A: The way I see it, exams are a waste of time. Its a well-known fact that B: Well, thats true, but I dont think there are better ways to evaluate students. A: I dont agree. I think teachers can find many other ways to evaluate students. For instance, . B: OK, they certainly can, bu
33、t . I would suggest that schoolsimprove the quality of exams. For example, . A: Yes, youve got a point there. Teachers do need to improve the quality of exams if there have to be exams.,Speaking for communication,Role-play,1 Which topics below do the two speakers talk about? What is the order of the
34、 topics in the womans list? The topics and their order: car, friendship, good food, money, and free time. 2 Which two things are the most important for the man?Friendship and money. 3 How happy does the man think he is, on a scale of one to five, five being very happy?Four 4 What would make him happ
35、ier? More free time.,Get ideas,Speaking for communication,Group Discussion,Get ideas,e. Have you got a minute? b. Do you mind if I ask you some questions? c. Which two of these would you find the most difficult to live without? d. How happy would you say you are, on a scale of one to five, five bein
36、g very happy? a. What would you say is missing from your life, so what would make you happier?,Speaking for communication,Group Discussion,Discuss and organize ideas,Speaking for communication,1. How would you define happiness? 2. Which two of the following six things would you find the most difficu
37、lt to live without: friendship, health, sport or exercise, money, good food, or free time? 3. How happy would you say you are, on a scale of one to five, five being very happy? 4. What would you say is missing from your life? 5. Are you more happy or less happy than you were five years ago?,Group Di
38、scussion,Discuss and organize ideas,Speaking for communication,Introduction to the survey (purpose, method, etc.): 1) Purpose: To find out what college students think of happiness and how they evaluate their own sense of happiness. 2) Method: By interviewing four of my classmates with five questions
39、.,Group Discussion,Discuss and organize ideas,Speaking for communication,Findings and analysis: 1) Most of them defined happiness as something related to ones state of mind. 2) Regarding the two things most difficult to live without, most of them chose health, friendship, free time, or sport, but on
40、e chose good food and money. 3) All of them rated their level of happiness as three or four. 4) Their answers to the last two questions were surprisingly the same. All of them said that they lacked money and that they felt less happy than they were five years ago, probably because of the pressure as
41、sociated with study and career choice.,Group Discussion,Discuss and organize ideas,Speaking for communication,Conclusions from the survey: 1) Students have a proper understanding of happiness. 2) They value health, friendship and free time more than material things. 3) They are fairly satisfied with
42、 their current situation. 4) They want to have more money. 5) They feel less happy nowadays.,Group Discussion,Present ideas,Speaking for communication,Group Discussion,Speaking for communication,Public Speaking,Speaking for communication,Public Speaking,Speaking for communication,Public Speaking,1 Q
43、: What does the man think the government could do? C. Provide financial help for homeless people. 2 Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation? A. Holding some social activities. 3 Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? B. Use the subway to avoid heavy traffic. 4 Q: What does the man t
44、hink we all should do? C. Extend a helping hand and give love to poor people. 5 Q: What are the two speakers talking about? D. How to reuse items to live a green life.,Further practice in listening,Short conversations,1Q: Why does the man look upset? B. Because he has too much work to complete. 2Q:
45、How does the woman say she can help the man? A. To help him do his work in her free time. 3Q: What advice does the woman give to the man? B. He should have confidence in himself. 4Q: Why is the restaurant called 365? D. Because it offers seasonal foods.,Further practice in listening,long conversatio
46、ns,1Q: What negative effect can be caused by workers discontent? A. Less innovation efforts. 2Q: What percentage of American workers are satisfied with their jobs as found by the survey? D. 45.3 percent. 3Q: Why is it that people aged 25 to 34 are most satisfied with their jobs? D. Because they see
47、more opportunities for promotion as baby boomers retire. 4Q: What can we conclude about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction? C. The reasons for job dissatisfaction are found to be various.,Further practice in listening,Passage 1,Further practice in listening,1) prevalent 2) scary 3) be classified as 4) epidemic 5) ratio 6) diagnosed 7) keeping track of 8) was still associated with 9) affirm 10) in terms of,Further practice in listening,Passage 2,Use the following self-assessment checklist to check what you have learned in this unit.,Wrapping up,Fun time,What Makes You Happy?,
