1、The Romantic Period,(1798-1832),Objectives,To have the basic knowledge about the brief history of the Romantic Period2. To have an analysis of “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” 3. To be familiar with Jane Austens writing styles and major contribution to English literature,Contents,BackgroundWilliam Wor
2、dsworth:“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice,Background,Historical Background,Politicallya. workers movementb. French Revolution (1789)watchwords口号;标语: “liberty, equality and fraternity友爱 ”,Economically Britain - the “workshop车间,工场,作坊 of the world” after the Industrial Revo
3、lutiona. No country was strong enough to compete with England. b. The Industrial Revolution pushed the bourgeoisie中产阶级 to the dominant position in thecountry and became the ruling class. c. The working class lived in dreadful遭透的;可怕的 poverty.,Ideologically思想体系上;意识形态上 a.The principle of Reason was giv
4、ing way to an individualized, free, liberal, imaginative attitude towards life; b.A tendency to turn or escape from the confusing Here and Now.,Literarily A.The political struggle of the time was also reflected by thepolitical writings at that time.Thomas Paine托马斯潘恩 : The Rights of Man,Writers got i
5、nspirations灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物) from the French Revolution and wrote beautiful poems and prose散文 . (William Blake, Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth, Lamb, etc.),B. Romanticism arose as a main literary trend which prevailed流行,盛行;普遍 in England during the period of 1798-1832.,*Romanticism,A movement that flourishe
6、d in literature, philosophy, music, and art in western culture during the first half of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt反叛,起义 Against classicism.,It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832, beginning with the publication of Coleridge kulrid科尔里奇 and Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集
7、 (1798), ending with the death of Walter Scott (1832).,*Romanticism,*Romanticism,There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.,Politically, it was inspired by the revolutions in America and France and popular wars of independence in Poland, Spain, Greece and elsew
8、here.,*Romanticism,Emotionally, it expressed an extreme assertion of the self and the value of individual experience.,*Romanticism,*Characteristics of Romanticism,a. It is against the strict order and reason of Neoclassicism of the previous centuries.,*Characteristics of Romanticism,b.Imagination, e
9、motion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism.,Some key terms,ImaginationThe imagination, instead of “reason”, was elevated to a position as the supreme faculty of the mind, the Primary faculty for creating all art.,Nature“Nature“ itself is a work of art, a healing有治疗功用的 power, n
10、ature as a source of subject and image, nature as a refuge庇护所,避难处 from the artificial constructs构思的结果,构想;概念 of civilization.,Symbols The desire to express the “inexpressible“-the infinite through the available resources of language.,IndividualismThe Romantics asserted肯定地说,断言;维护,坚持 the importance of
11、the individual, the unique personality.,The Everyday subjectsthe everyday materials“the language of common men“,School of Romantic Poets,1. Pre-Romantic Poets Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯 : Scottish dialect方言,土语 , ballads歌谣,小曲 William Blake: mysterious, philosophical, visionary幻想的,富于想像力的 e.g. Songs of Innocenc
12、e, Songs of Experience,2. *Lake Poets conservative保守的;传统的, worshipper崇拜者, 礼拜者 of natureWordsworth: Lyrical Ballads Poet Laureate桂冠诗人 Coleridge: “Kubla Khan“忽必烈汗 Southey索塞 :湖畔诗人,3. Active Romantic schoolrebellious反抗的,难控制的 , revolutionary革命的,革新的 , romantic, short life George Gordon Byron; Percy Bysshe
13、 Shelley;John Keats,George Gordon Byron: romantic, revolutionary, satiric讽刺的,爱挖苦的 , proud and angry- Don Juan 唐璜- Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记- Manfred 曼弗雷德,Percy Bysshe Shelley:revolutionary,prophetic预言的,先知的,预示的 , optimistic- Prometheus prmiju:s Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 - “Ode长诗,颂歌 to the West Wind”
14、 西风颂,John Keats: melancholymelnkli , a genius propounding on truth and beauty- “Ode to the Nightingale夜莺 ” 夜莺颂 - “Ode on a Grecian Urn” 希腊古瓮颂 - “Ode to Psyche” & “Ode to Melancholy”心灵 哀感,*Ode颂歌;赋,An ode is a dignified有尊严的;庄严的;高贵的 and elaborate精心制作的;精巧的,复杂的 structure lyric抒情的 poem of some length, praising and glorifying赞美,颂扬,美化 an individual, commemorating纪念,庆祝 an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally.,See you!,