1、,Lesson 39 Am I All Right ?,夫伦斯培训,陆老师,TEXT,WORD,GRAMMAR,Operation n. 1. 外科手术2. 操作，作业3. 经营，管理；营业；企业,Phrases: in operation 生效；运转着 operation principle 经营理念 safe operation 安全操作,In fact, you can create a successful plan for your business in just one day.,实际上，你在一天之内就可以制作一个成功的事业战略计划。,Successful n. 成功的，一帆风顺
2、的,Phrases: successful in 在成功的,Others: Success n. 成功 Succeed v. 成功 Succession n. 连续；继位；继承权 Successor n. 继承者,Following adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的 n. 下列事物；一批追随者 v. 跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式） prep. 在之后，接着,Phrases: in the following 在下面；在下文中 following system 跟踪系统,Patient adj.1. 忍耐的；容忍的2. 坚忍的；耐心的3. 沉着的；不急躁的 n. 1.病人；患者,What
3、 is best gift a doctor can give to his patient?,一个医生能给他病人的最好礼物是什么？,Phrases: Be patient with 对有耐心 patient safety 病人安全 mental patient 精神病人,As a nurse, you ought to be very patient with your patients.,作为一名护士，你应该对病人十分耐心。,alone adj. 1. 孤零的，孤单的2. 单独的；孤独的 adv. 1. 孤零地，孤单地，孤独地2. 独自地；孤立无援地3. 只，只有；仅仅,Phrases:
4、let alone 更不必说；听任；不打扰 stand alone 孤立；独一无二 alone with 与一起,Exchange vt.1. 换，更换，调换，掉换,兑换(for)： 大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。 Most store will allow the customers to exchange their goods. 我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。 Id like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size. n.1. 交易，贸易；易货贸易；交流2. 交换，互换3. 代替；替换,Inquire vt. 问，打听，询问 v
5、i.1. 问，打听，询问2. 调查，查问(常与into连用),Phrases: inquire into 调查，探究 inquire about 询问，查问；打听 inquire of 询问；打听 inquire for 求见；要找,Id like to inquire about the job for sales manager.,我想询问一下销售经理这个职位的情况。,Its the secretarys job to inquire about the flights for the manager.,为经理查询有关航班的 情况是秘书的职责。,certain adj.1. 确凿的，毫无疑
6、问的2. 确定的；固定的3. 必定的，必然的 pron. 某些；某几个,Phrases: a certain extent 一定程度上 a certain degree 到某种程度 for certain 肯定地；确凿地 certain level 某一水平,Relative adj. 1. 与有关的；相关的 2. 比较而言的 3. 相对的,Even its successes are only relative. 即使成功也只是相对的。 It is a gift for my relative in my hometown. 这是我送给家乡一位亲戚的礼物。,1. While John Gil
7、bert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. in hospital “住院” in the hospital则表示“在医院”。,直接引语为一般疑问句,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with this new wo
8、rd?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with that new word. 间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。 Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment .,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，“是否”在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。 I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. 在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。 1. whether引
9、导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如： Let me know whether you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导 而不能用if。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如： 我不知道我是接受还是拒绝。 I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如： 我担心我是否伤害到她的感情。 I wor
10、ry about whether I hurt her feelings.,2. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. following在这里相当于next，表示“紧接着的、其次的”。 这里的ask for是“请求、索要”的意思。 a bedside telephone：_,3. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Dr.Millington. alone没有感情色彩，只表示一个人独处的状态；lonely则
11、感情至深，我们当一个人独处时感到孤独、寂寞的心理写照。 the hospital exchange是指“医院的电话交换台”，exchange做名词本来的意思就是“交换”.,4. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. inquire表示“询问”，比ask更为正式 inquire about是表示“询问某人某事的情况”她问起你哥哥的情况。 She inquired about your brother.a M
12、r. John Gilbert 在姓氏前面加上不定冠词a，表示你对这个人不熟悉，或者是不敢确定其情况的。你不在的时候，一位史密斯先生来找你。 A Johnson came to see you during your absence.,5. He asked if Mr. Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. 这里也是间接一般疑问句引语，所以使用了if作为引导词。,1、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态
13、方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：,直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时,1）时间状语： 直接引语 （间接引语） now （then）；today (that day）；tomorrow （the next / following day ）next week （the next / following week）yesterday （the day before）two days ago（tw
14、o days before ）this week/month/year (that week/month/ year),2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take,6. He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that
15、 he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. stay in hospital是“住院”的意思。 another 可以表示 “外加一个” 或 “再来一个”的意思，后面可以跟few或带数字的复数名词，相当于more : Ill be here for another few weeks. ( = Ill be here for a few more weeks.),7. Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, t
16、he patient answered, I am Mr. John Gilbert.,直接引语变 间接引语,1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称一般与说话人一致。 如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称转换为与听话人一致。 如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.,3）直接引
17、语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。 如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.,4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等， 如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I
18、 would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。,2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：,直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时,3、直
19、接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候， 如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候， 如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He
20、told us that he went to college in 1994.4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时， 如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，,如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than s
21、ound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时， 如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.”He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,如：She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked
22、 if she had to take the medicine. 注：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化,1）时间状语： 直接引语 （间接引语） now （then）；today (that day）；tomorrow （the next / following day ）next week （the next / fo
23、llowing week）yesterday （the day before）two days ago（two days before ）this week/month/year (that week/month/ year) 2）指示代词：these 变成those,3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take 5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词that引导，
24、that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examinati
25、on the next Monday.（不可说told that） 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。,如： He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror.
26、 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。 如： He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等
27、。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点,状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。 如： He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated. 6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述， 如： He said, “Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to
28、 do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。,如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导， 如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day .,EXCERSICE,1、She
29、asked me _ my mother liked the blue one.A. if B. that C. what D. where 2、He said that he _ a good journey.A. has B. will have C. had D. have,A,C,EXCERSICE,3、Kate answered that she _ her homework.A. finish B. finishes C. has finished D. had finished 4、He said that he_ TV at that time.A. was watching
30、B. watches C. watching D. has watched,D,A,EXCERSICE,5、He asked Lucy _ she needed some more tea.A. if B. where C. that D. what 6、I dont know _to visit the old man or not.A. weather B. if C. whether D. that,A,C,EXCERSICE,7、”Youve got well , havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got
31、well B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well,B,EXCERSICE,8、”Have you seen the film?”he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film,D,EXCERSICE,9、She asked _ for the comp
32、uter.A. did I pay how much B.I paid how much C. how much did I paid D. how much I paid,D,EXCERSICE,1、”I am going to see a film tomorrow” she said.2、”What did you buy yesterday “ she asked me.,EXCERSICE,3、”How many students are there in your class?” I asked him.4、”Did you catch the bus yesterday ?” he asked me.,谢谢大家 O(_)O,
