1、CHAPTER 4,Visual principles,Part1: outline,The roles of Visuals in Instruction Visual Literacy Goals of Visual Design Processes of Visual Design Visual Planning Tools Digital images,Part2: Knowledge objectives,Describe the roles that visuals play in instruction. Define visual literacy in your own wo
2、rds. Identify two general methods that you may use to teach visual literacy. Describe the factors that influence students decoding of visuals. Describe the factors that influence students encoding of visuals. State in your own words the goals that good visual design aims to achieve.,Regarding the vi
3、sual design process, characterize the qualities that a designer would look for in the individual visual and verbal elements of the design, including elements that add appeal. Describe the factors that a designer would manipulate in establishing an underlying pattern to the design. Describe the facto
4、rs that a designer would manipulate in arranging the visual and verbal elements to achieve clear communication, reduce effort in interpreting, increase active engagement, and focus viewer attention.,Part2: Knowledge objectives,Part3: suggestion,模块3：学习建议,Part4 : Professional vocabulary,iconic Visual
5、literacy Sans serif Optical spacing alignment Rule of thirds Complementary colors Analogous colors,Proximity charge-coupled device(CCD) directional figureground contrast Storyboarding Digital camera Photo CD scanner,Part5:,The roles of visuals in instruction First, one roles that visuals definitely
6、play is to provide a concrete referent for ideas.Second, visuals can simplify information that is difficult to understand.Finally ,visuals provide a redundant channel.,Visual literacy,Literacy once was used only t o refer to reading and writing pf verbal information ,today we use the team visual lit
7、eracy to refer to the learned ability to interpret visual messages accurately and to create such messages. Visual literacy can be developed through two major approaches:1. Input strategies helping learners to decode, or “read” ,visual proficiently by practicing visual analysis skills.,2.Output strat
8、egies. Help learners to encode, or “write”, visuals -to express themselves and communicate with others.,Decoding: interpreting visuals Developmental effects. Cultural effects Visual preferences,Encoding: creating visuals One route to visual literacy is through student creation of visual presentation
9、s. Just as writing can spur reading ,producing media can be a highly effective way pf understanding media.,Goals of visual design,Good visual design tries to achieve at least four basic goals in terms of improving communication:Ensure legibility the goal of good visual design is to remove as many ob
10、stacles as possible that might impede transmission. Reduce effort to convey your message in such a way that viewers expend little effort making sense of out of what they are seeing and are free to using most of their mental effort required to interpret your visuals.Increase active engagement to make
11、 your design as appealing as possible.Focus attention,Process of visual design,Three things that should be concerned when designing visuals Elements: selecting and assembling the verbal/visual elements to incorporate into the display. Pattern: choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the d
12、isplay. Arrangement: arranging the individual elements within the underlying pattern.,As a final step, check your decisions against the goals and revise as needed.,Visual design elements,alignment shape balance stytle color scheme color appeal,Visual design pattern,（1）proximity （2）directional （3）fig
13、ure-ground contrast（4）consistency,Visual planning tools,1、Storyboard 2、types of letters 3、drawing, sketching, and cartooning,arrangement,1、digital cameras,2、scanners,3、photo CDs,It is important to recognize the need for caution when digitally editing or changing images, as there arises the possibility of misrepresentation.,General tools of digital images:,Digital images,As computer technologies advance ,creating visual images has moved into the digital world. Digital imaging allows users to capture ,edit, display share and network still and video images.,
