1、2016 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing （30minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an es
2、say to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes )Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both t
3、he news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report y
4、ou have just the heard .1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in.B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire.B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .
5、3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) The
6、y released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question s 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard .5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices.B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes.6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C)
7、 Computerizing mail sorting processes.B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7. A) A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections： In this section，you
8、 will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation， you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter
9、 an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question s 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard .8. A) He will lose part of his pay. C) He will be given a warning.B) He will go through retraining. D) He is go good terms with his workmates.9. A) He is an experienced press
10、operator. C) He is always on time.B) He is trustworthy guy. D) He is go good terms with his workmates.10. A) She is a trade union representative. C) She is better at handing such matters.B) She is a senior manager of the shop. D) She is in charge of public relation.11. A) He is always trying to stir
11、 up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Question s 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard .12. A) Open. C) Selfish.B) Reserved. D) Friendly.13. A) They read a book. C) They stay quiet.B) They talk
12、 about the weather. D) They chat with fellow passengers.14. A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleagues home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.15. A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden o
13、f their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections： In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, yo
14、u must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard .16. A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They do
15、nt have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They dont have much choice of jobs.17. A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Providing students with informatio
16、n about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard .19. A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to
17、 grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers life e
18、asier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard .22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D)
19、They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Identify fake crafts. C) Design handicrafts themselves.B) Make wise choic
20、es. D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To attract foreign investments. C) To arouse public interest in crafts.B) To preserve the traditional culture. D) To boost the local economy.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten bla
21、nks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sh
22、eet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The ocean is heating up. Thats the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earths oceans now _26_ heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has t
23、aken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to _27_ to coral bleaching（珊瑚白化)and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea _28_. While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are more difficult to _29_. The researchers gath
24、ered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better _30_ of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century _31_ of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, _32_ wit
25、h computer simulations(计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel _33_.About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a _34_ of more than 700 meters, the researchers fou
26、nd. They say theyre _35_ whether the deepsea warming canceled out warming at the seas surface.A) absorb I) heightsB) combinedJ) indifferentC) contribute K) levelsD) depth L) mixedE) emissionsM) pictureF) excursionN) unsureG) exploreO) voyageH) floorSection BDirections: In this section, you are going
27、 to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking
28、the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Secret to Raising Smart KidsA I first began to investigate the basis of human motivationand how people persevere after setbacksas a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pen
29、nsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect changea state they called learned helplessness.B People can learn to be helpless, too. Why d
30、o some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in peoples beliefs about why they had failed.C In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more th
31、an does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for the
32、ir success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.D Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learnershelpless versus ma
33、stery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and thats that. I call this a “fixed mi
34、nd-set(思维模式).” Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can b
35、e developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating(令人生畏)；they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined(注定) for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.E
36、We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we accessed the students mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagre
37、e with statements such as “Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you cant really change.” we then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.F As predicted the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more
38、 important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The s
39、tudents who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sigh of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.
40、Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.G Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the
41、 math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mine-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other
42、students by the end of the first semesterand the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.H A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers
43、 who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.I How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathem
44、atical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of growth mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.J In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction r
45、egarding the mind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions
46、and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning pro
47、mpts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-
48、set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.K Research is converging (汇聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift.36. The authors experiment sh
49、ows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.38. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.39. Students belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.40. In the authors experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance
