1、Grammar,Noun clauses as the object,宾语从句,陈述句的五种基本句型,1. 主谓(vi.) The cat died. 2. 主系表 I am a student. 3. 主谓(vt.)宾 I like you. 4. 主谓(vt.)间宾直宾 He gave me a pen. 5. 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 The news made me sad.,系动词： 1. be (am/are/is, was/were) 2. “感官“起来” look, smell, taste, sound, feel 3.“变化” become, get, turn, grow,
2、go 4.“持续” keep, stay,Related Conception (相关概念),名词：,表示人或事物的名称的词。,2.名词在句子中一般可以作什么成分?,主语、宾语、表语、同位语。,1. The world loves nature. 2. Knowledge is power . 3. We Chinese are polite.,主语,宾语,主语,表语,同位语,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicativ
3、e Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子叫 名词性从句。,1. What he does is important.2. This is what he does every day.3. I dont like what he does every day.4. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,Object Clauses 宾语从句,宾语从句 （The Object Clause）,宾语从句在复合句中起_作
4、用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 宾语从句必须用_语序。引导宾语从句的连词: that, if, whether； 连接代词: who, whose, what, which； 连接副词: when, where, how, why等。,宾语,陈述,句子结构：主句+引导词+宾语从句(主+谓+其他成分),I know who he is.,一、that引导的宾语从句,that 在从句中 不充当成分,无词义,可以省略。,I hear that he will be back in a month.,1) We think (that) she is hard-working and th
5、at she will succeed. 2) I know nothing about him except thathe is living in Beijing. 3）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,1. 不能省略that的情况： 1)从句是并列句时，and后的that不能省略； 2)that作介词(except, in)的宾语时; 3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。,2.宾语从句的否定转移: 第一人称 I, we 与动词 think, believe, imagine, suppose猜想等动词连用，其后的
6、宾语从句若有否定意思，要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,我想他是不会来的。 I dont think (that) he will come.,3.在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句的谓语常用 “should+动词原形” ，should 可省略。 1)坚持：insist 2)命令：command, order 3)建议：suggest, advise, propose 4)要求：desire, demand, require, request,我建议他应该更努力学习。 I suggested that he (should) study harder. 老师要求我们和
7、睦相处。 The teacher requests that we (get) along well with each other.,(should) get,4. it作形式宾语的宾语从句 动词+it+形容词+that从句 We think it important that every student should have good manners. 动词(think,find,hear,believe)+it+that从句We heard it that she would get married next month.,主语+be+形容词+(that)从句(sorry,afraid
8、,glad),Im sorry (that) I dont know. Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.,5. 系表结构的宾语从句,我不知道他是否来。 I dont know he will come.,二、whether/if 引导的宾语从句在宾语从句中，表示“是否”可用whether/if。,whether / if,只用whether的情况： 1.从句中有or notI dont know_ or not youll go. 2.从句在介词后 Jack is worried about _ he will study well.3.后跟不定式
9、时He doesnt know _ to visit that old man again.4.宾语从句置句首时 _ he lives there, I want to know.5.在discuss之后 We discuss _ we should close the store.,whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,练一练: whether / if 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I dont know _ he is well or
10、 not. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go.,whether / if,whether,whether,whether,whether,三、连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句 在从句中充当句子成分, 有词义, 不可省略。,Please tell me who we have to see.,1. Henry Adams does not know what he should do. (what在从句中作宾语) 2. Can you find out whose wallet it is? (whose在从句中
11、作定语) 3. Have you decided where you should have your holidays? (where在从句中作地点状语),1. He asked_ could answer the question . 2. Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy? 3. Could you tell me _ the train is late? 4. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?,where,why,how,牛刀小试：,who,1. His brother asks when he will go
12、to the library .His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. I dont know what did he want to buy.I dont know what he wanted to buy.,四、宾语从句的语序（陈述语序）,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,I know he lives here. I know he lived here ten years ago.,五、时态 主句现在，从句根据实际情况 主句过去，从句选择过去某时态,I knew who lived here. I saw she
13、 was talking with her mother.,*当宾语从句是客观真理, 科学原理, 自然现象时 用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travelsaround the earth.,1. Our teacher told us in class that the sun _ in the east. (rise) 2. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take),Exercise,has taken,rises,3. The radio says it _ cloudy tom
14、orrow. (be)4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write),will be,have returned,wrote,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us
15、_ Jim can come back on time.A. that B. if C. when D. what time,D,A,B,综合练习,4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .A. if B. where C. whether D. that 5. Could you show me _ ?A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the stationD. ho
16、w I can reach the station,C,D,6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _ .A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live 8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is
17、he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,C,B,D,Translate these sentences into English using noun clauses.,1.我认为你是对的。I think (that) you are right. 2.我想知道他是否能帮助我。Id like to know whether he can help me or not.,总结,一、宾语从句的定义、引导词分类 二、宾语从句的三种结构 1.连词that引导的宾从 (1)that特点，不能省略情况 (2)否定转移 (3)虚拟语气 (4)it作形式宾语的宾从 (5)系表结构的宾从 2.连词 whether, if 引导的宾从 只用whether的情况 3.连接代词或连接副词引导的宾从 三、语序 四、时态 五、宾语从句三要素（引导词、语序、时态）,
