1、2013 年 自 考 “英 语 ( 二 ) ”备 考 资 料 ( 新 版 教 材 unit 4) Unit 4 The Joy of WorkI. New words and expressionsNew words1. blessing n. 好 事 ; 有 益 之 事2. subsistence n. 勉 强 维 持 生 活 ; 生 计3. sugar cane n. 甘 蔗4. corn n. 玉 米5. hog n. 猪6. cash n. 现 金7. dairy adj. 乳 品 业 的 ; 生 产 乳 品 的 n. 牛 奶 场 ; 乳 制 品区 分 : dairy / diary8
2、. complain v. 抱 怨 ; 埋 怨 ; 发 牢 骚complaintcomplain to sb. about plain of a splitting headache9. carpenter n. 木 工 ; 木 匠10. committed adj. 尽 心 尽 力 的 : 坚 信 的 ; 坚 定 的commit an errorcommit a crimecommit suicidecommit oneself to (doing) sth.be committed to (doing) mitment11. brick n. 砖 ; 砖 块12. hammer n. 锤
3、子 ; 榔 头13. escort n. 护 送 者 ; 护 卫 队14. remind v. 提 醒 ; 使 想 起15. victim n. 受 害 者 ; 牺 牲 品fall victim to sth.16. ideology n. 意 识 形 态 : 观 念 形 态17. terrorism n. 恐 怖 主 义18. depression n. 萧 条 期 ; 经 济 衰 退 ; 不 景 气depressdepressed 沮 丧 的 ; 萧 条 的19. unrest n. 动 荡 ; 动 乱 ; 骚 动20. illegal adj. 不 合 法 的 ; 非 法 的 ; 违 法
4、 的il 是 in 的 变 体 , 否 定 前 缀 , 再 如 : illogicalir, im 都 是 in 的 变 体 , 如 : irregular, irresponsible, imbalanced, impossible, immobile21. immigrant n.( 外 来 ) 移 民 ; 外 侨22. trafficking n. 非 法 交 易 ; 非 法 买 卖c 结 尾 的 词 变 形 时 先 加 k, 如 trafficker, panicker, picnicker, trafficking, panicking23. dealer n. 贩 毒 者 ; 毒
5、品 贩 子deal in sth.car / drug dealerdeal with sth.24. gang n. 一 帮 , 一 群 , 一 伙 ( 闹 事 、 斗 殴 的 年 轻 人 )25. contribute v. 增 加 ; 增 进 ; 添 加 ( 到 某 物 )26. quit v. 停 止 ; 戒 掉Phrases and Expressions1. bring in 赚 得 ; 挣2. eke out a living 竭 力 维 持 生 计 ; 勉 强 度 日3. sink in 被 完 全 理 解 ; 被 充 分 意 识 到4. look forward to ( 高
6、 兴 地 ) 盼 望 , 期 待5. over and over again 多 次 ; 反 复 地 ; 一 再6. be prepared for 准 备 好 ; 有 所 准 备7. believe in 认 为 某 事 好 ( 对 、 可 接 受 )II. Text LearningWork Is a Blessing I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents subsistence farm( 自 给 自 足 的 农 场 ) . We grew cotton, suga
7、r cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didnt bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week. In the kitchen one Saturday be
8、fore daylight, I riiber complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, “Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing.“ I looked at those two men whod worked harder than I ever had - my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working
9、 as a carpenter during the Depression. (1)I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.( 承 上 、 总 结 的 话 ) Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doi
10、ng, Id always look forward to my work. But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.“ I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC( 美 ) 后 备 军 官 训 练 队 , 预 备 役 军 官 训 练营 ( Reserve Officers Training Corps) program to help pay for college. (2)And what started ou
11、t as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days. 本 部 分 重 点 及 难 点 :1. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. 我 有 种 感 觉 -父 亲 跟 我 说 了 一 些 确 实 重 要 的 东 西 ,但 许 多 年 后 我 才
12、真 正 理 解 。sink in: be understoodIt took many years for the teachers words to sink in.2. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.(1) an obligation to the Army 对 于 部 队 的 义 务(2) a way of life 生 活 方 式(3) s
13、tay / be committed to 致 力 于He has been committed to working for the people heart and soul for more than twenty years.(4) 译 文 : 当 时 的 “义 务 “从 军 便 成 为 了 我 的 生 活 方 式 -我 在 部 队 服 役 长 达 37 年 三个 月 零 三 天 。 In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bri
14、cks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they werent using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant shed earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. (3)And as bad as that womans jo
15、b was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It riinded me of my fathers words: to work is a blessing.( 承 上 、 总 结 的 句 子 )本 部 分 重 点 及 难 点 :3. And as bad as that womans job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive.此 处 疑 似 错 句 , 应 省 略 前 面 的 as, 即 改 为 : And bad as that womans job was, it wa
16、s enough to keep a small family alive. 虽 然 她 的 工 作 实 在 很 糟 糕 ,但 那 却 足 够 养 活 一 个 小 家 庭 。as 意 为 “虽 然 “, 用 于 倒 装 , 句 式 如 下 :Though he is very young, he is very learned.=Young as he is, he is very learned.Though he is an old man, he is very energetic.=Old man as he is, he is very energetic.Though I like
17、 him very much, I wont do his homework for him.=Much as I like him, I wont do his homework for him.Though he tried, he failed again.=Try as he did, he failed again.请 认 真 答 题 , 答 题 结 果 将 记 入 知 识 点 测 评 的 成 绩 !【 单 选 题 】 7. _, he is very gentle and has a sweet voice.A As he is boyB As he is a boyC A boy
18、 as he isD Boy as he is【 答 案 】 D【 解 析 】 本 题 考 查 as 用 于 倒 装 句 。 Although/though he is a boy=boy as he is, 这 里 一 定 要 注 意 的 是 修 饰 可 数 名 词 单 数 形 式 的 不 定 冠 词 要 省 略 。 这 句 话 的 意 思是 “虽 然 他 是 个 男 孩 , 他 非 常 温 和 而 且 声 音 甜 美 。 “【 知 识 点 】 as 用 于 倒 装 句 Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of pe
19、ople like that woman in Bangladesh. And Ive come to believe that people without jobs are not free. Theyre victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the st
20、reet gang mibers. Ive seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we a
21、re free. ( 总结 概 括 的 句 子 ) We are blessed. I dont think Ill ever quit working. Im retired from the Army, but Im still working to help people be prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. Im not going to stop. I believe in my fathers words. I believe in the blessing of
22、work.III. 部 分 练 习 讲 解P168 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解 题 方 法 : 把 词 分 类动 词 名 词 形 容 词improve weight stressedcheck out priority differentclearing away routine routinearrive rou
23、teWe all get the Monday blues from time to time, but there are ways to 1 improveyour working life and be happy at work. If youre going through a rough patch( 经 历 难 关 , 经 历 一 段 困 难 时 期 ) at work or are lacking job satisfaction, 2 check outthese ways to boost your mood and have a happier work day.If y
24、our workday often leaves you feeling 3 stressed and overwhelmed, it is time to calm things down by getting more organized. Firstly, make sure you 4 arrive a few minutes early for work to give you time to organize your tasks for the day and get mentally prepared. Secondly, organize your space by 5 cl
25、earing awayany clutter and streamlining your workspace. Finally, make a list of everything that you need to do that day in order of 6 priority. lf you can, try taking care of the more difficult things first to help take a 7 weightoff your mind.Variety is the spice of life, and this is never truer th
26、an when it comes to your working day. Following the same 8 routineday in, day out can quickly cause boredom and dissatisfaction to set in, so try making every day a little 9 differentin any way you can. Try doing routine tasks in a different order, talking to someone new or taking a different 10 rou
27、teto work. If you really cant shake up( 重 组 ) your workday itself, instead try organizing something fun and different to do on your lunch break every so often.I. New words and expressionsNew words1. paradox n. 矛 盾 的 人 ( 或 事 情 、 情 况 )2. simultaneous adj. 同 时 发 生 ( 或 进 行 ) 的 ; 同 步 的3. reward n. 奖 励 ;
28、回 报 ; 报 酬4. entrepreneur n. 创 业 者 ; 企 业 家5. exclude v. 把 排 斥 在 外 ; 防 止 进 入 ; 阻 止 参 加6. tragic adj. 悲 惨 的 ; 悲 痛 的 ; 可 悲 的tragedytragedian 悲 剧 演 员 , 悲 剧 作 家comedy7. passion n. ?烈 情 感 ; 激 情passionate8. sound adj. 明 智 的 ; 合 理 的 ; 正 确 的 ; 可 靠 的9. process n.( 为 达 到 某 一 目 标 的 ) 过 程 ; 进 程10. crucial adj. 至
29、关 重 要 的 ; 关 键 的11. privileged adj. 荣 幸 的 ; 幸 运 的12. motivation n. 动 机 ; 原 因13. prioritize v. 按 重 要 性 排 列 ; 划 分 优 先 顺 序priorpriority-r ( +ity 构 成 名 词 ) , 再 如 : regularity, similarity, familiarity, popularity14. pattern n. 模 式 ; 方 式15. strategy n. 策 划 ; 规 划 ; 部 署 ; 统 筹 安 排16. routine n. 常 规 ; 正 常 顺 序1
30、7. sight n. 视 力 范 围 ; 视 野18. solely adv. 仅 ; 只 : 惟 ; 单 独 地19. logistics n. 后 勤 ; 物 流 ; 组 织 工 作20. locally adv. 在 本 地21. competitor n. ( 尤 指 商 业 方 面 的 ) 竞 争 者 , 对 手compete with/against sb. for petitivecompetitorcompetition22. room n. 可 能 性 ; 机 会There is still a lot of room for progress.23. niche n. (
31、 商 品 的 ) 商 机 ; 市 场 定 位24. unique adj. 独 特 的 ; 罕 见 的25. survive v. 生 存 ; 存 活 ; 继 续 存 在survive a fire / a war / a flood / an accident / an earthquakesurvive a personsurvivorsurvivalHe is one of the lucky survivors in this accident.Darwins Theory of Evolution can be characterized as survival of the fit
32、test.26. client n. 客 户 ; 顾 客27. finance n. ( 个 人 、 组 织 、 国 家 的 ) 财 力 , 财 源 , 财 务 管 理28. purchase n. 购 买 ; 采 购29. obligation n. ( 已 承 诺 的 或 法 律 等 规 定 的 ) 义 务 , 责 任30. down payment n. ( 分 期 付 款 的 ) 首 期 付 款 ; 预 付 金 ; 定 金31. mortgage n. 按 揭 ; 按 揭 贷 款32. trash can n. 垃 圾 桶33. garage n. 停 车 房 ; 车 库34. fix
33、ture n. 固 定 设 施35. landscape v. 对 做 景 观 美 化 ; 美 化 的 环 境36. exceed v. 超 过 ( 数 量 )37. boundary n. 边 界 ; 界 限 ; 分 界 线38. exhaustive adj. 详 尽 的 ; 彻 底 的39. viability n. 可 行 性40. run ( 使 ) 运 转 , 运 行 ; 操 作41. assume v. 假 定 ; 假 设 ; 认 为assumption42. alleviate v. 减 轻 ; 缓 和 ; 缓 解43. seasoned adj. 富 有 经 验 的 ; 老
34、于 此 道 的44. offer v. 主 动 提 出 ; 愿 给 予45. aspire v. 渴 望 ( 成 就 ) ; 有 志 ( 成 为 )aspirationinspirationperspirationrespirationEdison once said genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.46. various adj. 各 种 不 同 的 ; 各 种 各 样 的varyvariety47. counsel n. 劝 告 ; 忠 告 ; 建 议48. makeshift adj. 临 时 替 代 的 ; 权 宜 的49.
35、license n. 许 可 证 ; 许 可 证 ; 执 照50. presence n. 存 在 ; 出 现51. unparalleled adj. 无 比 的 ; 无 双 的 ; 空 前 的 ; 绝 无 仅 有 的52. professional adj. 职 业 的 ; 专 业 的53. career n. 生 涯 ; 职 业54. feed v. 满 足 ( 希 望 、 愿 望 、 欲 望 等 )Phrases and Expressions1. lie in 存 在 ; 在 于2. bargain for 预 料 到 ; 料 想 到3. be/feel obliged to do
36、sth. 荣 幸 地 做 某 事4. bringto the table 带 来 ( 好 处 )5. at/in/to the forefront of 处 在 最 前 列 ; 进 入 重 要 地 位6. in plain sight 显 而 易 见7. getup 安 排 ; 组 织8. seek out 寻 求9. in place 在 工 作 ; 准 备 就 绪10. apply for ( 通 常 以 书 面 形 式 ) 申 请 , 请 求II. Text LearningHow to Start Your Own Business1 The paradox of starting y
37、our own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude thiselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.( 承 上 句 ) By following som
38、e sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.( 承 上 启 下 句 )2 1. Identify your motivation.
39、Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize thi.( 承 上 启 下 句 ) When you see thi listed, you might see a pattern in that youre just unh
40、appy at your current job and starting your own business isnt the answer.3 2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing st
41、rategies, and your daily routine. (1)If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the marke
42、t for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirients for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the
43、 front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.5 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations ( 债 务 ) extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a gara
44、ge door opener( 车 库 门 遥 控 开 关 ) , light fixtures and landscaping equipment( 景 观 美 化 设 备 ) , and before you know it, youve far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive( 详 尽 的 ) financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor( 财 政 顾 问 ) or someo
45、ne at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.6 5. Identify your support systi.
46、Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business prac
47、tices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.7 Once you have all of these elients in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a busine
48、ss plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence( 营 销 实 体 ) , etc. (2)Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion. 本 文 重 点 及 难 点 : 1. If you keep your pas
49、sion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.(1) keep sth. in plain sight 显 而 易 见 , 一 览 无 余(2) stay focused on 关 注 于2. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.(1) unparalleled 无 双 的 , 无 与 伦 比 的 , 空 前 的(2) surround yourself with wise counsel 征 求 他 人 的 建 议(3) a career that feeds your passion 满 足 你 的 热 情