1、2012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语注意事项：本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 答第 卷时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第卷第一部分 英语知识运用 (满分 50 分)第一节 语音知识 (共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分)从 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在
2、答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：have Agave Bsave C hat Dmade答案是 C。 theater Atreasure Bwheat Cseason D realize persuade Ausual Binsist Csugar Dtreasure company Aalone Bcarrot Cmoney D knock opposite Aservice B outside Cpioneer Dpolice society Aofficial Brecent Cchocolate Ddifficult第二节 语法和词汇知识 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)从
3、A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.Ahowever B whatever Cwhichever D whenever答案是 B。 What shall we do tonight then? _ whatever you want.AHelp yourself BIts a deal CNo problem DIts up to you He missed _ gold in the high jump, b
4、ut will get _ second chance in the long jump.Athe; the B不填; a Cthe; a Da; 不填 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.Athat B which Cwhat Dwhen Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.Aherself B this Cthat Dit Tony lent me the mo
5、ney, _ that Id do as much for him.Ahoping Bto hope Choped Dhaving hoped I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once.Awhen B than Cuntil Dafter We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.Aset about Bset up Cset out Dset down Next to biology,
6、I like physics _ .Abetter Bbest Cthe better Dvery well Did you ask Sophia for help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.Awouldnt Bdont Cdidnt Dwont The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.Ato watch Bwatching Cwatched Dto have watch
7、ed 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.Afor B at C on Dof Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan Bmight Cwould Dneed The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.Ahas told Bis telling Chas been telling Dwill have told The Harry Pot
8、ter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.Aquality B progress Cproduction Ddemand Try not to work yourself too hard Take it easy. Thanks _ASo what? BNo way. CWhat for? DYou, too第三节 完形填空 (每小题 15 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B 、C 和 D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Around twenty years a
9、go I was living in York 21 I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find 22 work.I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flatI had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 th
10、e job “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earning 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) itThe earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At first I got angryThen it 31 me I had been giving all of my 32 to what
11、was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy withLater, I decided to 35 more things to the listThat night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lectu
12、re on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workersI said yes.My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid jobTo this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.21AAs B Though CIf DWhen22Asuccessful Bextra Csatisfying D convenient23Adrivi
13、ng Brepairing Ctaking Ddesigning24Aworking Btravelling Cdiscussing D living25Aprepared for Battended Casked for D held26Alose Blike Cfind Dget27Ahard Bbusy Cserious Dshort28Awave at Bdrop off Ccall on Dlook for29Aordering B promising Csaying Dshowing30Ain case Bor else Cas if Dnow that31Ahurt Bhit C
14、caught Dmoved32Afeelings Battention Cstrength D interests33Aopinions Beducation Cexperiences D life34Alist Bbook Ccheck Dcopy35Aconnect Bturn Ckeep Dadd36Aher Ba passenger Cme D my friend37Ahospital Bfactory Crestaurant D hotel38Alisten to B review Cgive Dtalk about39Aplan Bchoice Cday Dtour40Aopera
15、tion Bspeaking Cemployment Dthinking第二部分 阅读理解 (满分 45 分)第一节 语篇阅读 (每小题 2 分)第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B 、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题 2 分)(A)Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on peopleSometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they areSom
16、e owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoorsThis can put their pets in danger of serious illnessThere are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad
17、If you have to take them out, stay outside with themWhen youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are tooI you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats
18、can be very smart in their search for warm shelterThey can dig into snow banks or hide somewhereWatch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good qualityKeep an eye on your pets waterSometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get
19、 anything to drinkAnimals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten by their owners.BThey are used to living outdoors.CThey build their won shelter.DTh
20、ey like to stay in warm places.42Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them inside.BTo keep them from eating bad food.CTo help them find shelters.DTo keep them company.43If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they m
21、ay _.Arun short of clean water Bdig deep holes for funCdirty the snow nearby Dget lost in the wild44What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem. BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story. DTo present a research result.(B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it
22、is really not hard to learn itYou do not need to be strongBut you need to be quickAnd you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on t
23、he boatThe wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the behindThis means the wind and the boat are going in the same directionThen you must always keep the sail outside the boatIt should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boatThen it will catch the wind best.
24、If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boatIn this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boatIt should be at a 45 angle to the boatIt needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动)It shouldnt look like on a flagpoleIf it is flapping, it is
25、 probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possibleIf you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stopYou may want to go in that directionIt is possible, but you cant go in a straight lineYou must go first in one direction and then in anotherThis is called tack
26、ingWhen you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength. BWave levels.CWind directions. DSize of sails.46What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind. CThe sail. D The angle.47What do y
27、ou have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line. BAllow the sail to flap.CLower the sail. DTack the boat.48Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine. B In a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook. DIn an official report.(C)Facial expressions carry meaning tha
28、t is determined by situations and relationshipsFor example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasureYet it also has other usesA womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young childA smile may show love or politenes
29、sIt can also hide true feelingsIt often causes confusion (困惑) across culturesFor example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improperYet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities)Some Russians believ
30、e that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enoughIn Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelingsVietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not atte
31、mpt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own cultureThe fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotionsRather, there are cultural differences in the amount of fac
32、ial expressions permittedFor example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans doWhen with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because o
33、f personal and cultural differences in the United StatesPeople from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than othersThe key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are differentIf we judge according to our own cultural habits, we m
34、ay make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?ALove. BPoliteness. CJoy. DThankfulness.50The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can _ .Ashow friendliness to strangers Bbe used to hide true feelingsCbe used in
35、the wrong places Dshow personal habits51What should we do before attempting to “read” people?ALearn about their relations with others.BUnderstand their cultural backgrounds.CFind out about their past experience.DFigure out what they will do next.52What would be the best title for the test?ACultural
36、Differences BSmiles and RelationshipCFacial Expressiveness DHabits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, o
37、fficials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twiceThe Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroomA team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent
38、 four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S tour, which will start in Houston next September.“Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, N
39、ew York, Denver and ChicagoOfficials said six other U.Scities may be on the tourBut they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was on
40、ce a 312 -foot-tall ape-man (猿人).53The author writes this text mainly to _ .Aintroduce a few U.SmuseumsBdescribe some research workCdiscuss the value of an ape-manDreport a coming event54What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton. BA photograph of LucyCA copy
41、 of the skeleton. DA written record of Lucy.55How many cities has Lucys U.Stour plan already included?AFour. B Five. CSix. DEleven.56What was the skeleton named after?AAn ape-man. BA song. CA singer. DA camp.(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children def
42、enseless against failureThe generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever beforeAs a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls the
43、m “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 yearsHer research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to itHeres how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is geneti
44、c youre a born artist, point guard, or numbers personThe fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shameWhen things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes
45、that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possibleBecause the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shameWhen faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try againIn fact, it enjoys this exp
46、erience.We are all born with growth mind-sets(Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praiseDwecks book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instruct
47、ional program explain this in depthBut she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57What does the author think about the present generation?AThey dont do well at school. BThey are often mis
48、understood.CThey are eager to win in sports. DThey are given too much praise.58A fixed mind-set person is probably one who _ .Adoesnt want to work hardBcares a lot about personal safetyCcannot share his ideas with othersDcan succeed with the help of teachers59What does the growth mind-set believe?AAdmitting failure is shameful.BTalent comes with ones birth.CScores should be highly valued.DGetting ov
