1、Unit 13Were trying to save the earth!,1. Were trying to save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球! try to do =try ones best to do 努力去做某事。 e.g. Every student should try to study hard in order to study in a university.,Language points,2. Here are some words related to different kinds of pollution. be related to 与有
2、关 e.g.I am notrelatedtohim in any way.,3. Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up! play a part in 在方面起作用 e.g. A good diet plays a large part in helping people live longer.,play a part 在中扮演角色 e.g. He was invited to play a part in this TV play.,4. Even the bottom of the river was fu
3、ll of rubbish. Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.,litter和rubbish都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词。rubbish指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。,litter指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收。e.g. Throw the rubbish out. 把垃圾扔出去。The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。,5.
4、This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones. turn into 把变成,e.g. The icy rain seemed like to turn into snow.,6. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! cost v. 花费；使付出 指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cost的过去式和过去分词均为cost。,e.g. The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan. How much does the new computer cost?,take, sp
5、end, pay & costtake，spend，pay和cost都可以表示“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。1) take多表示花费时间，常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型中，其中it作形式主语。 e.g. It usually takes me 40 minutes to cook the dinner.,2) spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. spend(s) some time / money on sth.和sb. spend(s) some time / money (in) doing sth.两种句型。 e
6、.g. David spent 2,000 yuan on the new machine. My father spends an hour (in) watching the news on TV every day.,3) pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句型。 e.g. Tommy paid 20 yuan for his breakfast yesterday.4) cost多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money.句型。 e.g. The new dress
7、cost Linda 88 yuan.,根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当形式填空。1)That new car _them lots of money.2) Mona _ 50 yuan on the books just now.3)It usually _ me an hour to do my homework.,cost,spent,takes,4)You should _ some time practising your pronunciation.5)My brother _6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterd
8、ay.,spend,paid,7. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future! make a difference (to) 表示(对)产生影响或作用 e.g. Do you think his words would make any difference to the final decision?,The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.,8. A sha
9、rk can no longer swim and slowly dies.,no longer意思是“不再” e.g. Im no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。,有两个短语和no longer同义，即notany longer和notany more，但他们侧重的方面不同。,no longer和notany longer侧重时间。 e.g. He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer. 他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住 在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。) notany more侧重程度和数
10、量e.g. You can drink no more. = You cant drink any more. 你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程 度，不能再继续下去了。),9. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。,not onlybut also用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅而且”; 其中的also有时可以省略。,not only . but (also) . 表示“不但而且”。本句中的not only位于句首，其后的主谓要部分倒装
11、，即根据主语的人称和数以及时态的变化，将不同的助动词提到主语前，需要注意的是but (also)后面的主谓不用倒装。例如：Not only did my aunt teach at school, but (also) she wrote articles for newspapers.我阿姨不仅在学校教书而且还给报纸写稿。,e.g. She not only plays well, but also writes music. Not only men but also women were chosen.,若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。e.g. Not only y
12、ou but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。,not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。 e.g. Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.,4. Not only but also意为 “不但而且”遵循一下三个原则(a)并列连词，连接两个并列成分，其中also可以省略。(b) 主谓一致原则：not onlybut also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要与but also 的主语保持一致。,(c) 倒装原则：not onlybut a
13、lso连接两个并列分句时， not only 置于句首，表示强调，其引导的句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分(情态动词，助动词等)放在句子的前面，而but also后的句子用正常语序。Not only he but also I am interested in pop music.Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.,be harmful to 对有害e.g. Smoking is harmful to the health.
14、Playing computer games much is harmful to students.,10. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. 鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。,at the top of 在最高地位; 用最高最大的(速度, 声音等) e.g. I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly.,11. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring d
15、anger to all ocean life. 此句复数形式的numbers表达全海洋中鲨 鱼的总量。当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。,e.g. In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇 及农村要高。常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。e.g. The number of families that own cars has been growing
16、quickly recently.,12. Do you often throw away things you dont need anymore? 1) throw away扔掉，丢弃浪费 (机会、 优势或好处),e.g. I never throw anything away.,e.g. Dont throw away this opportunity.,3) 浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等) e.g. It will be time and money thrown away.,2) 错过(机会等)，放过；未能很好利用 (机会等),e.g. Your creative talents
17、can also be put to good use, if you can work up the energy.,13. put sth. to good use 好好利用,14. build/make . out of用建造/制造,e.g. He built a model ship out of wood. Some birdsbuildnestsoutoftwigs.,15. turned upside down 意为“被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，做后置定语修饰boat。 e.g. Tony had an upside-down map of Britain on his wal
18、l. The lid, turned upside down, served as a coffee table.,16. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.,be made of和be made from都表示“由制成”，但二者的用法有区别。be made of常常表示原材料未发生化学变化，从成品中仍可看出原材料；而be made from常常表示原材料经过化学变化，从成品中看不出原材料。,e.g. The desks and chairs are made of wood. T
19、his kind of wine is made from wheat.,17. He is known for using iron.,be known for 因而著名 be known as 作为而著名 be known to 对于某人来说是著名的,e.g. He was known for his friendliness.,He is known to the police as a thief.Zhou Jielun is known as a rap singer.,18. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but i
20、t also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity (n. 创造 力).,bring back 恢复；使想起；归还,19. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! afford v. 承担得起; 提供, 给予 afford to do sth. (常与can, be able to连用) 买得起; 有足够的e.g. We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱
21、。 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。,afford的用法 afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句中。They couldnt afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。 afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。,20. save electricity by turning off the lights when you lea
22、ve a room. turn off 关掉 e.g. Please turn the television off before you go to bed. 睡觉前请关掉电视。,turn around 转身 turn up 调高(音量)turn down 调低; 拒绝turn into 变成; 进入 turn on 打开, 发动 turn off 关掉, 关闭turn out to be 结果是turn over 移交,拓展: turn相关短语,21. harmful 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语be harmful to “对有害的”。Staying up often is har
23、mful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。【拓展】harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语do harm to “对有害”，相当于be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 吸烟过多对他的健康有害。,22. 辨析：join, join in 和take part in,to,例如：Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ She joined the Youn
24、g Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。 Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？Did you take part in the sports meet? 你参加运动会了吗？, need doing=need to be done 需要被现在 分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。 need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而 非情态动词，这时need有人称
25、和数的变化。 He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。,5. 辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do,1. (2013江苏淮安) Its getting dark. Please _ the light. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn around2. (2013湖北随州)How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight.A. used to; is
26、used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking,中考链接,3. (2013山东枣庄) In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇迹)_on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country. A. has played the piano B. has given out their song disk
27、s C .has written songs D. has performed4. (2013广东) Not only my friends but also I_ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A. be B. am C. is D. are,5. (2013湖北宜昌)At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer
28、 B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 6.Look! The police _ the food ontothe bank of the river. 【2014宜宾】 am carrying B. is carrying C. are carrying D. are carried,7.Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _ you _ it? 【2014南昌】Not yet. Im doing it right now.A. Do; finish B. Had; finish
29、ed C. Will; finish D. Have; finished8.I heard that Line I of Ningbo Subway _ last month. 【2014宁波】A. was tested B. is tested C. tests D. tested,Writing,Write a letter to the city mayor about the problems and your suggestions.,In your letter, describe the environmentalproblems in your town/city.1. Wha
30、t are the problems?2. Where are they?3. What or who is causing these problems?,Then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems. I think that We should/ could I suggest,写作指导,本次写作内容是一封书信，信中首先要介绍你所在城市存在有哪些环境问题，是谁造成的这些问题，然后提出解决这些环境问题的方法和措施，可以结合3a中列举的问题和前面学过的解决办法来完成这封信。,One possible version
31、,Dear Sir/ Madam, Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.With the development of the society, there are too many cars on the streets in our city. Cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. Black smoke and poisonous gas are given off by factories. Fa
32、ctories also put waste into the river. And wherever we go, we can find rubbish.,Now more and more people have realized these problems. I think that governmentsshould close down the factories and develop laws to stop people from driving cars every day. I suggest everyone in this town should help to c
33、lean up the river and the streets. We should call on everyone in the town to throw rubbish in the dustbins. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.,Pay attention to the sentences.1. Were trying to save the earth.2. The river used to be so clea
34、n.3. The air is badly polluted.4. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5. We should help save the sharks.,Present progressive,used to,Passive voice,Present perfect,Grammar Focus,Modal verbs,used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现 在往往不做了, 后接动词原 形。be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事e.
35、g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.,used to do与be used to doing,Translation.1. 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。 She used to hang out with friends on weekends.2. 他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。 He is used to staying up.,Exercise,used to 结构used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。us
36、ed to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did 主语use to do sth？否定式是：主语didnt use。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used 主语to sth？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）nt to。He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。,used to 结构 used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中(掌握) 它的疑问式是：Did 主语use to do sth 否定式是：主语didnt use在英式英语中（了解） 它的疑问式应当是：Used 主语to sth 否定式应当是used not to.,Thank You!,
