1、Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐New words and expressionsuntil prep 直到outside adv 外面ring-rang-rung v （铃，电话等）响aunt n 姑，姨，婶，舅母repeat v 重复until 1 prep 直到的时候till 直到（多用于口语）eg I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时候我一直躺到吃午饭的时候。 (until lunchtime 直到吃午饭的时间 )eg The street is full of cars from morning
2、till night.The street is full of cars from morning to night.2 conj 直到时候（后面加句子）eg I stayed in bed until he woke me up. 直到他把我叫醒我一直躺在床上。eg I didnt get up until he woke me up. 直到他把我叫醒我才起床。（ get up是瞬间完成的动作， 非延续性， 需要用否定形式再加 until,）until 主句中动词为延续性动词notuntil 主句中动词为非延续性动词eg I will wait for you until you come
3、 back. 我会等到你回来。（ wait是可以延续的动作）eg I wont leave until you come back. 直到你回来我是不会离开的。 (leave是瞬间完成的动作，非延续性）eg We stay until the rain stopped. 我们待到雨停。（ stay是可以延续的动作）eg We didnt start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停我们才出发。 (start是瞬间完成的动作，非延续性）outside n/adj/adv/prep 在外面 反义词 inside 在里面 n/adj/adv/prepthe outside o
4、f the house 房子的外面（ outside做 n）an outside toilet 户外的厕所（ outside做 adj，修饰 n）eg Outside help. 外来的帮助。eg It was dark outside. 外面很黑。（是主系表结构， outside修饰地点，做 adv）eg Please wait outside. 请在外面等候。eg Dont go outside because its too cold. 不要到外面去，因为太冷了。（ outside修饰动词 go,做 adv)eg Its outside my business. 这不关我的事，在我的职责
5、之外。（ outside 后面跟宾语，是介词）ring 1 n 环状物，（尤指）戒指a wedding ring 结婚戒指a diamond ring 一个钻戒a gold ring 一个金戒指dark rings around her eyes 黑眼圈ring-road 环状公路ring finger 无名指thumb 大拇指index finger/ the first finger 食指middle finger 中指little finger/ pinkie 小拇指have a ring on the middle finger 订婚（ engaged）have a ring on t
6、he third finger 已婚 （ married）2 v （铃，电话等）响 ring-rang-rungeg The door bell rang just now. 门铃刚刚响了。eg I rang the bell. 我按响了门铃。eg Will you answer the phone when it rings? 电话铃响的时候你去接电话好吗？3 v 打电话（ US. Call）ring sb 给某人打电话这条街上从早到晚的挤满了车辆。 （ from morning tillnight 从早到晚）这两句话的意思是一样的，那么为什么第一句用的是肯定句加 until,第二句是否定句
7、加 until， 也就是说什么时候用 until， 什么时候用 notuntil呢？最大的区别在于主句中的动词是否是延续性动词，如果主句动词是延续性动词用 until结构，如果主句动词是非延续性动词用 notuntil.ring sb up 给某人打电话call sb 给某人打电话call sb up 给某人打电话telephone sb 给某人打电话give sb a phone call 给某人打电话eg Ill ring you later. 我会迟点给你打电话的。ring off 挂断电话 （ put down the receiver; hang off）eg He rang off
8、 before I could explain. 在我解释之前他就挂断了电话。aunt n 姑，姨，婶，舅母uncle n 叔叔，舅舅，姨夫，姑父brother n 哥哥，弟弟sister n 姐姐，妹妹nephew n 侄子，外甥niece n 侄女，外甥女cousin n 堂（表）兄弟姐妹a country cousin 乡下人，乡巴佬（贬义词）repeat v 重复说，或写某事物，反复重申（ say or write again, more than once）eg “I am having breakfast,“ I repeated. 我重复说： “我正在吃早餐 ”。eg I rep
9、eated the question several times. 这个问题我重复了好几遍了。eg Am I repeating myself ? 我以前说过这件事情吗？repetition n 重复，反复，重说，重写learn by repetition 通过反复学习Key Structures 一般现在时 /现在进行时一般现在时1： 构成： 谓语动词使用动词原形；系动词为 am,is, are当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需有变化1 谓语动词直接 +“s“2 以辅音字母加 “y“结尾的动词，边 “y“为 “I“,再加 “es“3 谓语动词以 “o、 s、 x、 ch、 sh“加 “es“
10、2：功能 1 表达习惯性，规律性的动作eg I never get up early on Sundays. (规律性的动作）eg I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. （经常性动作）2 表达现在的事实状态或动作eg We all like football. （目前的事实）eg Birds fly. （普通事实）eg This picture is of great value. 这幅画具有极大的价值。（事实状态）3 表达客观真理，格言警句或事实eg The earth moves round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。（客观真理）eg T
11、he sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（客观事实）eg Two and two makes four. （客观事实）eg Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（格言警句）3：经常搭配的副词 通常放在实意动词之前，助动词之后（动前系后）often sometimesusually alwaysevery year seldom 很少，不常occasionally 偶尔，间或 frequently 频繁地，经常地eg He doesnt always come by train.他不总是坐火车来。（ always放在 come之
12、前 ,does 之后）eg Do you ever read in bed? 你躺在床上看过书吗？（ ever放在 read之前， do之后）eg I never like jazz. 我从不喜欢爵士音乐。（ never放在 like之前）eg We frequently have lunch at this restaurant. 我们总在这家餐馆吃饭。（ frequently放在 have lunch之前）现在进行时1:构成 am/is/are +doing2:功能 1 表示现在，目前正在做某事，正在进行的动作eg It is raining.eg I am still having br
13、eakfast.eg What are you doing?eg We are enjoying our lunch.2 现阶段正在进行的动作。eg We are studying English this summer. 这个夏天我们在学英语。eg He is taking physics this semester. 这个学期他在学物理。3：可用进行时态表示即将开始的动作go/come/leave/arrive/land/meet/die/start/return/joineg I am coming to see you. 我就来看你了。（动作将要发生）eg The bus is com
14、ing. 公共汽车就要来了。eg The plane is leaving for Shanghai. 飞机就要飞到上海了。eg The old man is very ill and he is dying. 这个老人病的非常重就快死了。4: 有些频率副词用在进行时中间，表示说话人带有感情色彩，如赞赏，厌恶等always/forever/continually 连续不断地 /constantly 不断地eg He is always lying. 他总是在说谎（厌恶）eg You are constantly complaining. 你总是在抱怨。 constantly 不断地，时常地eg
15、 The gril is always thinking of others. 这个女孩总是考虑别人（赞赏）eg The naughty boy is continually making noises. continually 不断地，频繁地这个淘气的孩子总是在制造噪音。（厌恶）5:下列表示状态，感觉，情绪，精神活动的动词不用于进行时态believe doubt 怀疑，不信see hearknow understandbelong to thinkconsider 考虑， feellook seemshow mind 介意have soundtaste 尝，体验 require 需要，要求p
16、ossess 控制，持有 carelike hatelove detest 厌恶，憎恨desire 想要，要求7.常搭配副词now, at present, at this time,these days12 I carried my bags into the hall.What are you doing ? My landlady asked. landlady n 女房东 I am leaving , Mrs Lynch, I answered. landlord n 房东 Why are you leaving ? she asked. You have been here only
17、 a week.留意一下副词位置，在实意动词之前1 My friends never come to visit me.2 I frequently go to bed hungry. 我总是饿着肚子去睡觉。3 I always feel cold.4 I never get up early on Sundays.5 I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.I am looking out of my window. I can see some children in the street. The children are playing foot
18、ball. They alwaysplay football in the street.Now a little boy is kicking the ball.Another boy is running after him but cannot catch him.A week is too long, Mrs. Lynch, I said. There are too many rules in this house. My friends never come to visit me.Dinner is always at seven oclock, so I frequently
19、go to bed hungry. You dont like noise, so I rarely listen to theradio. The heating doesnt work, so I always feel cold. This is a terrible place for a man like me. Goodbye, Mrs.Lynch.6 She rarely answers my letters. 她很少回信。7 We never work after six oclock.8 The shops always close on Saturday afternoon
20、s.9 Do you always go to work by car?10 Our teacher frenquently collects our exercise book.11 We sometimes spend our holidays abroad.12 I often buy CDs.13 Do you ever buy CDs ?TextIt was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays.was 表示过去时， 那是个星期天。on Sundays 每逢星期天never adv 从未，未曾，永不eg I have never been a
21、broad. 我从未出过国。eg Would you do that ? - Never. 你会做那件事情吗？ 绝不会。eg I never get up before 10 oclock in mornings.eg Never fear. 不要害怕。eg Never give up. 永不放弃。eg Never say die. 永不言败。eg Never lose heart. 决不要灰心丧气。early adj/advan early morning 一大早（ early 修饰 morning, 做 adj)eg The early bird catches the worm. 早起的
22、鸟儿有虫吃。eg I got up early this morning. 今天早上我起的很早。（ early修饰 get,做 adv）I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.stay in bed 躺在床上stay at home 呆在家里sometimes 有时候some times 几次；几倍some time 一段时间sometime 将来或过去的某个时候eg I will be somebody sometime in the future. 总有一天我将是个大人物。Last Sunday I got up very late.get up 起
23、床go to bed 去睡觉fall asleep 睡着了go to sleep 睡着了late adj/adv 晚eg I am sorry for being late. 对不起我来晚了。（ for being late,late做系动词 be的表语，是 adj，迟到 )eg I got up very late. 我起床很晚。（ late修饰动词 get,是 adv）stay up late 熬夜 （ late 修饰 stay,是 adv)lately adv 最近 （ recently） lately通常用在现在完成时和一般过去时中。eg Have you been abroad la
24、tely? 你最近出国了吗？eg I bought a new car lately. 最近我买了一辆新车。I looked out of the window.look out of 向外看look out of the door 向门外看look into 1 向里看It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up verylate. I looked out of the window. It was dark outs
25、ide. What a day ！ I thought. Its raining again. Just then ， thetelephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train ， she said. Im coming to see you. But Im stillhaving breakfast， I said. What are you doing ？ she asked. Im having breakfast ， I repeated. Dear me ， she said. Do you always ge
26、t up so late ？ Its one oclock ！ look into the box 向盒子里看2 调查，分析eg The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查这个案件。look out! 小心，当心！（在紧急情况下的提醒）eg Look out! The car nearly knocked you over. 当心，这辆车差点撞到你了。It was drak outside.What a day! I though.what a day. 多糟糕的天气呀（全称 =what a terrible day!)eg what a wond
27、erful day 天气多好呀。what a lovely day!What a beautiful day!Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then 就在那一刻（ at that moment)it 是虚主语，因在在接电话之前不知道对方是男还是女。Ive just arrived by train, She said. Im coming to see you.by train 坐火车by bus 乘公共汽车by plane/by air 坐飞机by ship/by sea/
28、by water 坐船by car 开车用 “by+交通工具 ”来表示一种方式或手段，前后不加冠词on foot 走路eg I came here on foot. 我走路过来的。（ I walked here )eg We got into the mountain on horseback. 我们骑马上山的。take a train 乘坐火车take a bus 乘坐公共汽车take a car 乘坐小汽车take a plane 乘飞机take a ship 乘坐轮船take +冠词 +交通工具，强调动作本身，即强调交通方式的动作eg In order to go to school o
29、n time, I take a taxi. 为了准时上学，我搭了一辆出租车。But Im still having breakfast, I said.have breakfast 吃早饭 前面不见任何冠词have lunch 吃中饭have supper 吃晚餐have dinner 吃晚餐（正餐）have a meal 吃一顿饭What are you doing? She asked .I am having breakfast. I repeated.repeat v 重复Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late? Its one
30、 oclock!Dear me! 天哪！My God!It 做虚主语Its one oclock （时间）its cold in winter （气候）冬天很冷its only me （人）是我呀its a long way from here （距离）离这里很远its very dirty here （环境）这儿很脏。Special Difficulties 感叹句1： what 引导 what+a/an+adj+n+主语 +谓语eg What a terrible day(it is)! it is （主谓）通常被省略2： How 引导 how+adj+a/an+n+主语 +谓语I am
31、coming to see you 字面上是 “be doing”结构，但 come可用于进行时态来表达即将发生的动作， 即 “我就来看你了 ”eg How terrible a day(it is)! it is （主谓）通常被省略1 This is a wonderful garden!What a wonderful garden this is.How wonderful a garden this is!2 This is a surprise! (这句不能用 how引导，没有 adj/adv)What a surprise this is.3 He is causing a lot
32、 of trouble! 他正在导致许多麻烦！What a lot of trouble he is causing!4 They are wonderful actors! 他们是极棒的演员。（复数名词用 what 引导）What wonderful actors they are!5 She is a hard-working woman!What a hard-working woman she is!How hard-working a woman she is!6 It is a tall building!What a tall building it is!How tall a
33、building it is!7 Its a terrible film!What a terrible film it is!How terrible a film it is!8 You are a clever boy!What a clever boy you are!How clever you are!9 She is a pretty girl!What a pretty girl she is!How pretty a girl she is!10 He is a strange guy!What a strange guy he is!How strange a guy he
34、 is!Exercises1 He doesnt get up early on Sundays. He gets up late .A late adj/adv 迟，晚B lately adv 最近地C slowly adv 慢地D hardly adv 几乎不2 Just then, the telephone rang. It rang at that moment .A at once 立即，马上B immediately 立即，马上C again 再一次D at that moment 就在那个时候3 Breakfast is the first meal of the day.A
35、food n 食品B dinner n 正餐C lunch n 午餐D meal n 一顿饭4 A child has absolute trust in its mother.A absolute adj 绝对的，完全的B reliable adj 可靠的，可依赖的C preferable adj 更令人喜欢的D countless adj 数不清的孩子对其母亲有着绝对的信任。量词（后面是一个名词短语，不存在 adj,所以只能用 what引导）区别： “what“修饰的中心词是 “名词 ”， “how“修饰的中心词是 “形容词或副词 ”，复数名词的感叹句通常只用“what“引导。an armful of (双臂或单臂）一抱的eg She came back with an armfulof books. 她抱着一抱书回来了。an article of 一件an article of furniture 一件家具an article of luggage 一件行李
