1、表语从句1 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2 关联词(1) 从属连词 that。在从句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The reason was that he was late for school.(2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if。如：1. He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。2. The question is whether they will be able to help
2、 us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。The key is whether we can solve the problem.。It looked as if it was going to rain.注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look，sound 等。如：He looked just as he
3、had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 造句： 听起来好像有人在敲门。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. (3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。That was what she did this morning on reaching t
4、he attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 造句： 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.我想问的是谁离开了。 My question is who left. (4) 连接副词 where, when, how, why。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。That is why he didnt come hereThe question is how he did
5、it. (5) 连词 because 可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。造句： 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。 Its just because he doesnt know her. Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。 (Thats because.强调原因) Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (Thats why.强调结果) (6) 在一些表示“ 建议、劝说、命令 ”的名词后面
6、的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+ 动词原形表示，should 可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。系动词分类：一、根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如 be, seem）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如 look）例如：1） He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法)He looks a clever boy .（“看起来”，系动词
7、用法）2） He looks at a clever boy.（“看着” ，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A五大感官系动词 B状态系动词 C动态系动词 D 双谓语系动词A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1look“看起来像是” ，后接 adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2smell“ 闻起来 ”，后接 adj.分词。 The flow
8、ers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3sound“听起来” ，后接 adj.分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4taste“尝起来”，后接 adj.分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5Feel “摸起来，给感觉”；“觉得”，后接 adj./p.p.You will feel better after a nights sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B状态系动词：1be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。2seem,“似乎，好像 ”，完全系动词。 They
9、 seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。 It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。4keep, “保持的状态”，半系动词，后接 adj 或介词短语。Youd better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5remain,“仍是 ”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。6stay“保持（某种状态）” ，半系动词，后接 adj.、过去分词。 The window stayed open all the night.7.pr
10、ove “证明是 ”，半系动词，后接 adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1get“变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。2fall“进入（某种状态），成为 ”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位
11、老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。3grow“ 渐渐变得起来，长得”Its growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。4turn“ 转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine. 今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。5go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead.
12、 电话不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。go 之后常接的 adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey.6become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。 They became good friends. 他们成了好朋友。
13、 7come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀 un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。If you look into the matter, everything will come clear. 如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear （昂贵），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）。8run,“变成” ，后接 adj. The price
14、ran high. 价格上升了。9make，“达到某种状态后接形容词，如 sure, certain, merry, bold, freeWe must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。D双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young. 他结婚很早。Lei F
15、eng died young.雷锋早逝。He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。IV.系动词与高考及其练习1.系动词出现于单项选择题中The story sounds_(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. trueThose oranges taste_(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well-Are you feeling_? -Yes, Im fine now/(NMET92)A. any well B. any better C. quite g
16、ood D. quite better-Can I join the club, Dad.-You can when you _a bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltI love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_ good to lie in the sun or swim
17、in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A. does B. feels C. gets D. makesCleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to payWhy dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ for several days.(NMET2003）A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(以上七题答案分别如下：1.D,
18、2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B)2.系动词与短文改错They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be)3.系动词巩固练习What you have said_. Ais sounded interesting B sounds interestingCsound interested Dlistens inte
19、restedThe class begins. Please keep_. Asilent Bsilence Cthe silence DsilentlyLook! Several people in the crowd seemed_. Ato be fighting Bto have foughtCbeing fought Dhaving foughtHow _the song she sings sounds! I have never _a better voice.Abeautifully, sounded Bbeautiful, sounded Csweet, listened t
20、o Dsweet, heardHer feeling about the marriage _rather strange. Ais looked Bis seemed Cseems Dis appearedThe new shirt_ right. Adoesnt feel Bisnt felt Cisnt feeling Ddoesnt touchHow happy it_ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad! Agives Bfeels Cis felt Dis givenJohn _driver since two months ago. Abecame a Bhas become a Chas turned Dhas been aHe _he felt very _over the death of the boy.Aseemed that, sad Bseemed as if, sadly Clooked as though, sad Dlooked that, sadnessThe ice_ thick on the river. Ais lain Blay Claid Dlie(其答案分别是：15：BAADC，610：ABDCB)
